Supplementary Material Material and methods The unique holotype
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1 Supplementary Material Material and methods The unique holotype from the private collection of Carsten Gröhn (Glinde, Germany) will be deposited in the Geological–Palaeontological Institute of the University of Hamburg (GPIH, no. 4549). The mite is hosted in a subrectangular piece of clear yellow amber. Syninclusions include various insects and a well-preserved (undescribed) scorpion. The mite was photographed using a Leica Z16 microscope running Leica Application Suite to generate image stacks, combined using Helicon Focus. Drawings were prepared under a Leica MZ12.5 steromicroscope. Burmese amber is one of the few Cretaceous amber deposits with a high diversity of inclusions (Grimaldi et al. 2002) which also samples Mesozoic terrestrial arthropods from Southeast Asia. Arachnids here include spiders, scorpions, harvestmen, pseudoscorpions, ricinuleids, ticks and cheyletid and resinacarid mites; see listings in Dunlop et al. (2014). Burmese amber originates from northern Myanmar (principally the Hukawng Valley); for a recent overview see Ross et al. (2010). The resin source trees may have been Araucariaceae and the original environment is presumed to have been tropical (Grimaldi et al. 2002). Amber is notoriously difficult to date accurately, but Shi et al. (2012) proposed a maximum age of 98.79 ± 0.62 Ma (Upper Cretaceous: earliest Cenomanian) based on U–Pb zircon dating. Supplementary Fig. 1. Distribution of the twelve known genera of Opilioacaraida. Ad, Adenacarus; Am, Amazonacarus; Ca, Caribeacarus; In Indiacarus; Ne, Neocarus; Op, Opilioacarus; Pa, Panchaetes; Ph, Phalangiacarus; Pr, Paracarus; Si, Siamacarus; Va, Vanderhamenacarus. Un is an undescribed Australian opilioacarid. † indicates an extinct taxon; either in Baltic or Burmese amber. 2 Supplementary Table 1. Overview and distribution of the three fossil (†) and thirty-nine living species (plus one subspecies) of the Opilioacarida. Compare with Supplementary Fig. 1. Taxon Region Country Adenacarus arabicus (With, 1904) Middle East Yemen Amazonacarus paraensis Vázquez et al., 2014 South America Brazil Amazonacrus setosus Vázquez et al., 2014 South America Brazil Caribeacarus armasi Vázquez & Klompen, 2009 Central America Cuba Caribeacarus brasiliensis Bernardi et al., 2013a South America Brazil Caribeacarus panamensis Vázquez & Klompen, 2009 Central America Panama Caribeacarus vanderhammeni (Juvara-Bals & Baltac, 1977) Central America Cuba Indiacarus pratyushi Das & Bastwade, 2007 Asia west-central India Neocarus bajacalifornicus Vázquez & Klompen, 2002 North America Mexico N. b. chamelaensis Vázquez & Klompen, 2009 North America Mexico Neocarus calakmulensis Vázquez & Klompen, 2009 North America Mexico Neocarus caipora Bernardi et al., 2014 South America Brazil Neocarus nicaraguensis Vázquez & Klompen, 2002 Central America Nicaragua Neocarus nohbecanus Vázquez & Klompen, 2002 North America Mexico Neocarus ojastii Lehtinen, 1980 South America Venezuela Neocarus orghidani (Juvara-Bals & Baltac, 1977) Central America Cuba Neocarus platensis (Silvestri, 1905) South America north-east Argentina, Uruguay Neocarus potiguar Bernardi et al., 2012 South America Brazil Neocarus proteus Bernardi et al., 2013b South America Brazil Neocarus sinkaanensis Vázquez & Klompen, 2002 North America Mexico Neocarus texanus Chamberlin & Mulaik, 1942 North America southern USA Neocarus veracruzensis Vázquez & Klompen, 2009 North America Mexico † ?Opilioacarus aenigmus Dunlop et al., 2010 Europe [Eocene] Baltic amber † ?Opilioacarus groehni sp. nov. Asia [U. Cretaceous] Burmese amber Opilioacarus italicus With, 1904 Europe Italy Opilioacarus segmentatus With, 1902 Europe, Africa Greece, Algeria Panchaetes dundoensis Naudo, 1963 Africa Angola Panchaetes papillosus (André, 1947) Africa Ivory Coast Paracarus hexophthalmus (Redikorzev, 1937) Asia Kazakhstan † Paracarus pristinus Dunlop et al., 2004 Europe [Eocene] Baltic amber Phalangiacarus brosseti Coineau & van der Hammen, 1979 Africa Gabon Salfacarus antsirananensis Vázquez & Klompen, 2010 Africa Madagascar Salfacarus dispar van der Hammen, 1977 Africa South Africa Salfacarus kirindiensis Vázquez & Klompen, 2010 Africa Madagascar Salfacarus lawrencei van der Hammen, 1977 Africa South Africa Salfacarus legendrei van der Hammen, 1977 Africa Madagascar Salfacarus mahafaliensis Vázquez & Klompen, 2010 Africa Madagascar Salfacarus ranobensis Vázquez & Klompen, 2010 Africa Madagascar 3 Salfacarus robustipes van der Hammen, 1977 Africa Madagascar Salfacarus tanzaniensis van der Hammen, 1977 Africa Tanzania Siamacarus dalgeri Leclerc, 1989 Asia Thailand Siamacarus withi Leclerc, 1989 Asia Thailand Vanderhammenacarus deharvengi Leclerc, 1989 Asia Thailand unnamed records in Walter & Proctor (1998) Australasia north / north-west Australia Supplemantary references André M (1947) Une nouvelle espèce d’Opilioacarus (Acarien : Notostigmata). 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