Graphic Organizer for Waste Water Filtration Lab Introduction:
Paragraph 1: Water Use
Why do we have a shortage of clean water in the
U.S.?
How do we use water for in stream use? How do we use water for off stream use?
What is surface water? What is ground water?
What is the water table?
What percent of water is used for farming?
What is irrigation of crops? What are the different methods?
Sources of information used in this paragraph-APA format (see bottom of page):
Paragraph 2: Water pollution
What is water pollution?
How does the Hudson River Case Study (Botkin and Keller, 2010, p. 399) exemplify water pollution and remediation efforts?
What is the difference between point source pollution and non-point source pollution?
What is surface water pollution and what is ground water pollution?
What are water borne diseases, and what bacteria is used as measure of disease potential?
What is dissolved oxygen? What is biochemical oxygen demand? How are they related? How does dissolved oxygen effect ecosystems?
What were your finding on the sewage lab? What happens to biochemical oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen when excess sewage/waste is added to an aquatic system?
Sources of information used in this paragraph- APA format(see bottom of page):

Paragraph 3: Eutrophication (water pollution + biogeochemical nutrient cycling)
What is Eutrophication? How does it most frequently occur (link to agriculture)?
Describe the steps (in sentence form) that occur when excess Nitrogen and Phosphorus enter into aquatic systems, causing Eutrophication.
For your first trail of this lab, you tested for 3 compounds containing nitrogen: ammonia, nitrite and nitrate in waste water that excess synthetic, inorganic fertilizer in it. Which of the 3 nitrogen compounds was the highest?
How do Biogeochemical cycles of Nitrogen,
Phosphorus and Carbon connect soil and water
(abiotic) systems within an ecosystem?
Sources of information used in this paragraph:
Paragraph 4: Water treatment
Septic tanks are usually used in rural areas (farm land) How does a septic tank work?
How does a water treatment plant work?
What are primary and secondary treatment?
What does chlorine treatment do?
What happens at the filtration step in the water treatment process? How does soil act as a water filter for rain water percolating through?
What is percolation? How it affected by permeability and porosity of the soil?
How would soil texture and composition affect fertilizer run off into aquatic systems (such as streams)?
Sources of information used in this paragraph:

Paragraph 5: Your Experimental Design
What is remediation? What is phytoremediation?
What is Bioremediation? How do biotic (living) affect abiotic (non-living things), such as soil and water? (think nutrients)
What will you use to build your water filter? Why?
What is the purpose of your experiment? What is the essential question you are trying to answer?
What is your independent variable? What is your dependent variable?
What is your hypothesis? (must be an “If… then…”
statement)
Sources of information used in this paragraph:

APA format
All your paragraphs should have sources cited in APA format. That means that there are in text citations, and a works cited page at the end of the paper. There are a lot of rules when it comes to APA format, so here is simplified cheat sheet for the basics.
Works cited page (belongs at the back of the paper)
Electronic resource/website
Contributors' names (Last edited date). Title of resource . Retrieved from http://Web address for resource
Book resource
Author, I. N. (Year). Title of book, pages.
Location: Publisher.
Example:
Botkin, D.B., Keller, E.A. (2011). Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet eighth edition. Danvers, Massachusettes.
In Text citations (You have to cite in your paper which resource you obtained the information)
Quotes
According to author (1998), "Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199).
Paraphrased
Writing (author, year of publication)
Or if it’s a book or article with many pages…
Writing (author, year of publication, page(s))
Example:
Biogeochemical cycling is how chemicals cycle through life and the earth (Miller,
2010, p. 249)
1 author: (Miller, 2011, p.249)
2-5 authors: (Botkin and Keller, 2011, p. 401)
More than 5 authors: (Freeland et al., 1998)
Below is are more detailed examples/works cited (as they are formatted on your works cited page).
These came from the University of Oregon website, which you can look up too.
Sample List of References
Citation Example Type of Citation
Bankes, P., Boss, J., Cochran, A., Duemer, L., McCrary, J., & Salazar, D. (2001). Censorship and Journal article retrieved from

restraint: Lessons learned from the Catalyst.College Student Journal, 35, 335-338. Retrieved
August 14, 2003, from Ebsco Academic Search Elite database. an electronic database, 6 or fewer authors, continuous pagination
Chafee, Z., Jr. (1962). Freedom of speech and press. In W. S. Dowden & T. N. Marsh (Eds.), The
heritage of freedom: Essays on the rights of free men (pp. 140-156). New York: Harper.
Chapter in an edited book
Dennis, E. E., & Vanden Heuvel, J. (1991). Emerging voices: East European media in transition:
A report of the Gannett Foundation Task Force on Press Freedom in Eastern Europe (2nd ed.).
New York: Gannett Foundation Media Center.
Book
Newspaper article, unsigned FCC ruling to stifle debate, critics say. (2003, June 13). The Buffalo News,p. C1.
Foerstel, H. N. (Ed.). (1997). Free expression and censorship in America: An
encyclopedia. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Encyclopedia or dictionary
Freedom of the press: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights of the
Committee on the Judiciary, Senate, 92d Cong., 1 (1972).
Hardt, H. (2000). Communication is freedom: Karl Marx on press freedom and censorship. Javnost: The Public, 7(4), 85-99.
Jayasekera, R. (2003, June 11). Gives with one hand, takes away with the other. Index on
Censorship. Retrieved August 9, 2003, from http://www.indexonline.org/news/20030611_iraq.shtml
Jeffords, S., & Rabinovitz, L. (Eds.). (1994). Seeing through the media: The Persian Gulf
war. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Government hearing, whole hearing
Journal article, pagination restarts with each issue
Article retrieved from web site
Edited book
Paretsky, S. (2003, June 2). The new censorship. New Statesman, 759, 18-20.
Fuss-Reineck, M. (1993). Sibling communication in Star Trek: The Next Generation: Conflicts
between brothers. Miami, FL: Annual Meeting of the Speech Communication Association.
(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 364932)
Magazine article
ERIC Document
Project censored. (n.d.). Retrieved August 9, 2003, from http://www.projectcensored.org/
Entire web site, no date of publication
Sanders, B. (Producer/Director). (1987). Making the news fit [Motion picture]. (Available from
The Cinema Guild, 130 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016-7038)
Film or video