Name________________________________________________________ Date_________________________ Period____________
AQUARIUMS
1. What are the duties and responsibilities of each type of marine scientist: geologists, biologists, engineers,
climatologist, physical oceanographers, chemical oceanographers
2. What are the major components when setting up a Marine Aquarium
3. What tool is used to measure the correct salinity of saltwater for the tank?
4. What is the correct range for the specific gravity of saltwater in a saltwater aquarium?
5. What is the most effective method for maintaining water quality in a saltwater aquarium?
6. Identify toxic substances that accumulate in a saltwater aquariums and the safe level for each including
Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate, pH, Specific gravity.
7. What is the most toxic substance that accumulates in an aquarium?
8. What function do the nitrifying bacteria living on the gravel in an aquarium serve?
HISTORY & TECHNOLOGY
9. Identify the three primary reasons for early civilizations to interact with the oceans.
10. Explain the contributions of the following ancient civilizations: Phoenicians, Polynesians, Greeks
11. What are the important elements in the design of a Polynesian Charts and what does each show?
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12. Why were Pytheas and Eratosthenes important?
13. Explain the contributions of the following civilizations during the Middle Ages: Chinese, Vikings, Portuguese
14. Identify the scientific contributions to oceanography by: James Cook, John Harrison, Charles Darwin
15. How did the studies performed by the H.M.S. Challenger expedition influence the field of Marine Science?
16. Identify some of the major submersible vehicles used to study the oceans and their accomplishments
including the Trieste, Alvin, Johnson Sealink
17. Describe the use of ROV, AUV, electronic navigation, and satellites in ocean research.
18. How do Loran-C and GPS benefit seafaring and oceanography?
19. What technology has expanded underwater research by bridging the gap between submersible and scuba
capabilities?
MARINE CHEMISTRY
What factors affect the density of water?
How is the density of water compared to the density of ice? How is this important to life on Earth?
How does the mass and volume of water compare to the mass and volume of ice?
Why is water considered the “Universal Solvent?”
How do the oceans contribute to the hydrologic cycle?
What is surface tension?
How does temperature and pressure affect the phases of water?
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MARINE PHYSICS
1.
What factors are responsible for the prevailing wind patterns of the earth?
2.
What combination of factors produces neap tides?
3.
Describe how winds are produced.
4.
Explain how waves are formed.
5.
Describe how upwellings occur.
6.
What is the biological importance of upwelling and downwelling zones?
7.
What are gyres and how are they formed?
8.
List three different processes that circulate water in the oceans.
9.
Explain how breakers are formed.
10. Why is the shallow-water thermocline in polar and temperate seas seasonal?
MARINE GEOLOGY
Describe Earth’s internal layers:
a.
Crust
b. Outer core
c. Lithosphere
d. Mantle
e. Inner core
f.
Asthenosphere
Name the four major layers of the earth in order.
Explain why oceanic crust is denser than continental crust.
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Explain the general interaction of oceanic crust and continental crust.
Who proposed the past existence of Pangaea and the theory of Continental Drift?
Describe the 6 pieces of evidence for the Theory of Continental Drift.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Explain why continental drift was not accepted at first.
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Explain the theory of seafloor spreading
How did sonar contribute to discoveries about the ocean bottom?
Describe the evidence that supports the theory of seafloor spreading.
How did the Glomar Challenger contribute to the Theory of Seafloor Spreading?
Explain theory of plate tectonics.
Explain what happens at the following:
a. divergent boundaries
b. convergent boundaries
c. transform plate boundaries
Draw and label the following ocean floor features and explain how each is formed:
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__________ ___
with a
______________
a.
b.
c.
d.
continental shelf
seamount
mid-ocean ridge
abyssal plain
e. continental slope
f. guyot
g. rift valley
h. trench
MARINE ECOLOGY
Given a marine food web, describe the trophic relationships between the shown organisms.
Describe the flow of energy through an ecosystem starting with the sun.
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Explain the reduction of available energy that is transferred from one trophic level to the next in a trophic
pyramid.
Describe and diagram the carbon cycle.
Label the following zones on the diagram below: photic, aphotic, pelagic, benthic, oceanic, neritic, intertidal
(littoral), sublittoral, bathyal, abyssal, hadal.
Describe the abiotic characteristics of each zone.
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What is the difference between a neritic organism, plankton, and a benthic organism? Give an example of each.
Describe plankton. What are the different types of plankton? Give specific examples
Describe the term limiting factor and be able to list three limiting factors to primary productivity.
Describe the sources of nutrient input into the marine environment.
Explain why marine life is more abundant in coastal waters as compared to the open ocean.
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Define the compensation depth for photosynthesis and describe how it is measured.
Describe the concept of carrying capacity.
Explain the relationship between limiting factors and carrying capacity.
Distinguish between parasitism, commensalisms and mutualism and give specific examples.
Symbiotic
Relationship
Description
Marine
Example
Give reasons for competition between organisms.
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