Name: _____________________________Mrs. Begis Biology
Pd: _________
Lipids/Proteins/Nucleic Acids
What are Lipids?

Commonly know as ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________

Composed of ____________________, ____________________ and (____________________) atoms

Ratio of Hydrogen to Oxygen atoms is ____________________ than 2:1.
What are they good for?
1. Store energy
2. Special lipids called ____________________ form the cell membranes of your approximately 80 trillion
cells
3. Act as chemical messengers for the cell
What does a lipid look like?
GLYCEROL + 3 FATTY ACIDS = 1 LIPID (triglyceride)
Saturated Fats:

Found in meats and dairy products

Every carbon atom in a fatty acid chain is joined to another carbon by a ____________________ bond

Tails packed together!

Saturated with Hydrogen
Unsaturated Fats:

When carbons are joined by ____________________

Tails cannot pack together as tightly

Do not contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms
o
Double bonds form kinks in the chain and
____________________________________!
o
Makes it easier for the body to break molecules down.
How to make a lipid???
Answer: DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
Process by which water molecules are lost when monomers (glycerol
and fatty acids) are joined
1 GLYCEROL + 3 FATTY ACIDS > LIPID (triglyceride) + 3 water
How to break down a lipid (triglyceride)???
Answer: HYDROLYSIS
Process by which a lipid is broken down by the addition of 3 water molecules
LIPID (triglyceride) + 3 water > 1 GLYCEROL + 3 FATTY ACIDS
What are Proteins?

Organic macromolecules

Composed of ____________________, ____________________, ____________________, and
____________________.

DNA is the recipe for making proteins in your body
What are they good for?
1. Act as ____________________ - special proteins that speed up chemical reactions
2. Aid in the transport of molecules
3. Help cells move (contraction of muscle)
4. Involved in the immune functioning (antibodies) to fight disease
5. Act as hormones/receptors for signaling or communication between cells
6. Give the cell structure and support (form the cytoskeleton of all your 80 trillion cells)
What does a protein look like?
AMINO ACID + AMINO ACID > PROTEIN (DIPEPTIDE)
What is an amino acid?

Functional group of a protein that contains:
1. Amino Group (-NH2)
2. Carboxyl Group (-COOH)
3. R-Group **this makes each of the 20 amino acids different
Amino Acid General Structure
How to make a protein???
Answer: DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
Process by which a water molecule is lost when monomers (2 amino acids) are joined
AMINO ACID + AMINO ACID > PROTEIN (DIPEPTIDE)
How to break down a protein???
Answer: HYDROLYSIS
Process by which a protein is broken down by the addition of a water molecule
PROTEIN (DIPEPTIDE) > AMINO ACID + AMINO ACID
What are Nucleic Acids?

Organic macromolecules

Consists of ____________________, ____________________, ____________________,
___________________, and ____________________.

2 kinds:
1. Ribonucleic Acid (___________________)
2. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (___________________)

Polymers of nucleotides
What’s a Nucleotide?

Functional unit of a Nucleic Acid

Consists of 3 sub-units
1. ______________________________________ (ribose for RNA and deoxyribose for DNA)
2. ______________________________________
3. ______________________________________
What are Nucleic Acids good for?

Store and transmit genetic information

RECIPE FOR MAKING PROTEINS
o
Because each person has a different recipe, each person is different