ENGLISH PAPER
THE PROCESSING OF PALM OIL
CREATED BY
MUTOHAROH
201312019
PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY OF PALM OIL
POLYTECHNIC OF PALM OIL
CITRA WIDYA EDUCATION
BEKASI
2014
Citra Widya Edukasi
Processing of Palm Oil
PTOP
2014
Foreward
Praise to God who has given guidance and his grace so that we all can still
move as usual as well as the author so we can complete the task about “The
Processing of Palm Oil. We also wish to express many thanks to our parents who
have given motivate and support . And also Mr. Abdullah who of lecturer who
have guided the authors in order to make authors of scientific papers.
This paper contains about The Processing of Palm Oil.The paper is
organized so that readers can add insight or expand existing knowledge about
the formerly very popular tale that we present in this paper an arrangement of a
concise, easy to read and easy to understand.
Hopefully, this paper can be useful for readers and expanding horizons about fairy
tales and the details.And do not forget also the author apologizes for any
shortcomings here and there of the paper's authors do.Please critique and
suggestions. Thank you .
Mutoharoh
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MUTOHAROH
Citra Widya Edukasi
Processing of Palm Oil
PTOP
2014
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
PALM OIL MILL
Palm Oil Palm Oil Mill = is a factory that processes raw materials FFB into CPO
and PK with minimum losses , optimum efficiency , appropriate standar quality,
appropriate capacity , minimum cost with reference to the principles of occupational
health and safety and the environment ( SOP ) .
THE FUNCTION OF PALMOIL MILL
a.
oil and palm kernel as much as possible
b.
Produce the highest quality products
c.
Generates production losses as low as possible
d.
Using the lowest operating cost
INTRODUCTION MATERIALS
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Fresh Fruit Bunches ( FFB )
Fruitlate
Empty bunch
palm oil ( CPO )
Kernel Oil ( Kernel )
Sludge
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MUTOHAROH
Citra Widya Edukasi
Processing of Palm Oil
PTOP
2014
MATERIAL BALANCE FFB
CRITERIA AND FFB QUALITY
a.
Normal TBS
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Raw TBS
fruitlet off , 3 fruitlet / bunch
TBS Less Mature
fruitlet off > 3 fruitlet / bunch and < minimum standards
TBS Mature
fruitlet off of minimum standards by 50 % fruitlet total /
bunch
 TBS Too Ripe
> 50 % fruitlet off / bunch
 Empty Bunch have only some fruitlet in one bunch / fruitlet completely
discharged
b.
Abnormal TBS
 Parthenocarpic → owns more than 75% of the total surface fruitlet is
parthenocarpic with traits not greasy and black
Hardbunch ( Fruit Hard ) → fruitlet have some that do not want to loose , black
and cracked
PROCESSING STATION FFB
The processing of FFB into the Palm Oil consists of :
a.
Main station
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Fruit reception
Stew ( Sterilizer )
Pemipilan( Threshing )
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MUTOHAROH
Citra Widya Edukasi
Processing of Palm Oil



PTOP
2014
Enumeration ( digester ) and compression ( Presser )
Purification ( Clarifier )
Separation of seeds and kernels
b. Station support
 Generating power ( Power )
 Laboratory
 Water Treatment
 Storage
 Workshop
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MUTOHAROH
Citra Widya Edukasi
Processing of Palm Oil
PTOP
2014
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A.
Bunch reception
Is the station for weighing , acceptance and shelter while TBS is sent from the
estate so it is ready to be processed further .
Consists of :
* Weighbridge
* Loading ramp
1. PURPOSE RECEPTION STATION
 Acceptance of Real TBS with minimal wait time
 Weighing accurate TBS
 Charging TBS to lorries with minimal loss fruitlate
ACCEPTANCE FLOWCHART
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MUTOHAROH
Citra Widya Edukasi
Processing of Palm Oil
PTOP
2014
FIRST IN FIRST OUT
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Received earliest must be out early
Putting the transport and delivery of FFB harvested earlier
Hastening the implementation process of the TBS earliest
received
SUCCESS INDICATORS
All empty lorries have standby before charging Sterilizer
lorry Volume charging in accordance with the capacity of lorries
No fruitlet left on the floor or on the loading ramp
There was no long queue the truck that would to unload FFB
Start Hours milling process always attention the capacity of
incoming fruit and fruit leftovers (restan)
B. STERILIZATION STATION
Flowchart stew
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MUTOHAROH
Citra Widya Edukasi
Processing of Palm Oil
PTOP
2014
CONVENTIONAL STERILIZER
Using Lori , Rail Line , capstans , Transfer Carriage , Horizontal Sterilizer and
Hoisting Crane
CONVENTIONAL STERILIZER
Using Lori , Rail Line , capstans , Transfer Carriage , Horizontal Sterilizer and
Tipler
DEFINITION OF STERILLIZER
FFB boiling process using heat from the high-pressure steam , conduction and
convection
 Convection : steam infusion process to eliminate the air in the room
sterilizer fruitlet .
 Conduction : process steam to remove the air intake on the sidelines
fruitlate ( fruitlet ) kernel .
The purpose of sterilization are :
o
Deactivate the enzyme
o
Facilitate the release of the bunch featherless
o
Lowering water levels
o
Solving emulsion
o
Removing fiber and seed
o
Assist in the release of the core of the shell
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MUTOHAROH
Citra Widya Edukasi
Processing of Palm Oil
PTOP
2014
boiling method :
MAIN REQUIREMENTS
SIZE OF SUCCESSFUL STEW OPERATION
C.
THRESING STATION
DEFINITION
TBS separation process that has been boiled into a slender fruitlate and empty with the
system rotated and slammed
Flow Chart THRESHER
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MUTOHAROH
Citra Widya Edukasi
Processing of Palm Oil
PTOP
2014
EQUIPMENT
STATION THRESHER
Main operational Threshing Station
1 . Feed to the Threshing Drum
2 . Fruitlate separation from bunch
3 . Material handling has been separated
Which must be considered in operational Thresher :
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Avoid Feeding à Over Oil Losses in EB , Motor Over Load , pulp damage
due to the recycle of the Conveyor Fruit .
The height of kickback ( for a good stew = 1.2 meters )
Number of kickback for every janjangan = 6 times
feed capacity is reached ( not overfeeding )
MEASURE OF SUCCESS
% Unstripped Bunch
% in Empty Fruit Bunch Losses
% Oil Losses in Empty Bunch
Influenced by :
o Boiling Process TBS
o Feeding Thresher
D. Digester & PRESSING STATION
Function of Conditioning Fruitlet in Digester
 Extraction of Crude Oil in the press machine
 leads to the Press Cake and Nut Cake Braker Conveyor
 Keeping achievement capacity / hour .
Function of digester :
1 . Releasing oil from the pericarp cells ( bacon pieces)
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MUTOHAROH
Citra Widya Edukasi
Processing of Palm Oil
PTOP
2014
2 . Separating pericarp and Nut
3 . homogeneous mass of fruitlate
4 . Maintaining a temperature of 90oC - 95 ° C
UNIT PRESS
Function for extracting crude oil from the flesh of the fruit that has
been wracked with minimal and Nut Oil Loss Minimum Rupture .
Press Methods
Hydraulic Press
Screw Press
Gutter Oil
• Sandtrap Tank
• Vibrating Screen
PARAMETERS OF SUCCESS
1.
Oil Losses in Press Cake
2.
Total Nut Nut Broke in The Cake Press
3.
The plant capacity is reached
E. NUT and KERNEL STATION
DEFINITION
Station which is the process of achieving the maximum efficiency of the
recovery kernel with optimal production and quality losses are minimal
Step of the operation :
1.
Phase Nut Conditioning
2.
Solving Nut Stage
3.
The separation between Kernel and Shell
4.
Drying of Kernel
PROCESS FLOW
1.
Funtion of CONDITIONING NUT : kernel releases from around
the nut , so it will increase the effectiveness of the split nut kernels and
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MUTOHAROH
Citra Widya Edukasi
Processing of Palm Oil
PTOP
2014
avoid losses due to broken kernels , broken nut and nut intact .
carried in :
o Stew
o Digester
o Drying and Cooling Process on Nut Silo
2. Purposeof Nut Cracking : Cracking nut with maximum efficiency by
minimizing broken kernels , broken nut and nut intact .RESOLUTION NUT
carried in :
o Centrifugal Nut Cracker
o Ripple Mill
3. SEPARATION BETWEEN KERNEL WITH SHELL
Examples of separation equipment combinations :
1. a.Mixture Crack Winowing ( Type Blower Suction )
b . Crack Mixture Grading
c . Separation by Hydrocyclone
2 . a. Mixture Crack Winowing ( Wear / Not Wear )
b . Pneumatic Separation ( LTDS )
c . Separation with Claybath
MEASURE OF SUCCESS
 % Loss in Fiber CycloneKernel
 Nut cleaned from fiber
 The mill capacity is reached
 Nut Station - Kernel gets bait balance
To note :
 Quality Nut should be good
 Volume Nut Silo keep balance
 Operational Ripple Mill at capacity
 Mass Balance Cracked Mixture
• Dry Separation Kernel = 50 %
• Broken Kernel LTDS = 30 %
• Broken Kernel Claybath = < 20 %
 Specific Grafity solution of CaCO3 = 1.13 to 1.16 mg / ltr
F. CLARIFICATION STATION
DEFINITION
Purification process of crude oil produced from the Press which still contains
some moisture , sludge and mud .
Operational functions :
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MUTOHAROH
Citra Widya Edukasi
Processing of Palm Oil



PTOP
2014
Obtaining maximum oil content
oil Achieving minimum losses
Achieving maximum production quality
FUNCTION / KEY PROCESS
1. separation of pure oil from crude oil =CST
2. Making oil from sludge = sludge centrifuge / separator
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MUTOHAROH
Citra Widya Edukasi
Processing of Palm Oil
PTOP
2014
3. Reduced levels of impurities =oil purifier
4. Reduced water content of oil = vacuum drier
OPERATIONAL PHASE
a. screening
b . precipitation
c . Centrifugasi
d . purification
MEASURE SUCCESS OF CLARIFICATION
• % Oil losses
• % Moisture
• % Impurities
e the criteria of each task to bear ( the right man on the right place ) .ss
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MUTOHAROH
Citra Widya Edukasi
Processing of Palm Oil
PTOP
2014
ANALYSIS
In the palm oil mill existing station is very important , if there is one station that
serves the plant can not be run due to the processing of palm oil mill steps sustainable
and rely on other major stations.
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MUTOHAROH
Citra Widya Edukasi
Processing of Palm Oil
PTOP
2014
CONCLUSIONS
The processing of FFB into the Palm Oil consists of :
a.
Main station
 Fruit reception
 Stew ( Sterilizer )
 Threshing
 Enumeration ( digester ) and compression ( Presser )
 Purification ( Clarifier )
 Separation of shell and kernels
b. Station support
 Generating power ( Power )
 Laboratory
 Water Treatment
 Storage
 Workshop
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MUTOHAROH