Name: ______________________________________ Date: _________________ Period: _____
Chapter 15.1: Glaciers
1. Glaciers
a. A huge mass of _____ slowly flowing over a ________ mass, formed
from compacted _____________ in an area where snow accumulation
exceeds melting and _________________________.
i. Sublimation is the ________________ in which a solid changes
directly into a ________, or a gas changes directly into a
_____________.
2. Formation of Glaciers
a. Generally, __________ water quickly runs of and flows to _________
and ________________ or seeps into the earth as ________________
water. However, at higher ________________________, and in polar
_________________, water reaches the earth as ______________ and
will remain as snow all year long.
b. These elevations are above the “__________________ __________”.
i. The snow line is defined as the ____________________ above
which ______ and snow remain throughout the year.
ii. The snow line _______________ around the earth.
1. At the ______________________ the snow line is about
____________ ft above sea level and at the ___________
the snow line is at ___________ ________________.
c. A ___________________ is an almost a _________________ mass of
_________________________ snow and _________.
i. Snowfields are formed by an ______________________ of ice
and snow above the _______________________.
ii. They _____________ most of the land near the ____________
and the __________ of some mountains at lower ___________.
d. Due to slight _______________________ in temperature, ice partially
____________ and re-_______________ which changes the snow
_________________ into small ______________ of ice. This grainy
ice is called snow _____________.
e. Due to _________________ of accumulated ________________, the
pressure on the ________________ layers of the ________ is great
enough to __________________ and squeeze out the ______ between
the _________________________. This forms ___________ _____,
which is a bright ____________ color that is a common characteristic
of __________________________.
Name: ______________________________________ Date: _________________ Period: _____
i. When the ____________ and ________ accumulate to a great
enough ____________________, that the ice starts to move
downslope due to ____________________, a glacier is formed.
3. Types of Glaciers
a. There are ______ main types of glaciers: ________________ Glaciers
and Continental _________ _____________________.
i. A valley ___________________ is formed in mountainous
___________, but is named after the ______ has moved down
into the __________________.
1. Valley glaciers are defined as __________, __________,
wedge-shaped _______________ of ice, and are common
in _____________ mountain regions such as _________,
the Himalayas, the __________, the Alps, and New
___________________.
ii. ______________________ ice sheets cover millions of square
_______________________ and are found only in
_______________________ and ________________________.
1. The Antarctica continental _______ ______________ is
one and a half times as large as the mainland ______, and
is as thick as ____________ m.
2. The __________________ continental ice sheet covers
_____% of Greenland and is over ___________ m at its
maximum ______________________.
3. If these _______ ice sheets were to _________, the water
would raise worldwide ________ levels by more than
_____ meters.
4. Movement of Glaciers
a. On average, a _________________ moves about _______ m per year.
However, some only _____________ a few centimeter and some a
kilometer or ____________.
b. Glacier __________________ is categorized into two different
______________: ___________ _____________ and ____________
____________________ Flow.
i. Basal _________ occurs when the _______________ of the ice
is great enough to ___________ the ice at the bottom of the
glacier that is in contact with the _____________. This, now
_____________, acts as a __________________ and allows the
glacier to “____________” forward.
Name: ______________________________________ Date: _________________ Period: _____
1. _______________ slipping also allows water to ______,
move around a _____________, and refreeze to move the
glacier _________________.
ii. ________________ plastic flow is the process in which ______
ice crystals ________ over each other, causing a _________
forward motion.
1. The _________ of internal plastic flow varies throughout
the _____________ of the glacier. Areas of __________
friction, such as _______ and _________________, flow
quicker than areas that are in __________ with the earth.
5. Glacial Features
a. __________________ are large ____________ formed in the
________________ surface of the glacier by _______________ of the
ice from __________________ and __________________________.
b. Ice _______________ are areas of continental ice ____________ that
have moved out into the ___________________.
i. The largest ice shelve is the _________ Ice Shelf which covers
an area the size of ________________.
c. _________________________ are large ______________ of ice that
break off at the __________ of an ice shelf or _______________ and
are carried out to _________.
i. Approximately _______% of the iceberg is below __________.