IPC 2nd Semester Exam Review – Physics Topics
STRATEGY: Start by reading through your notes to refresh your memory on these topics. Then, use this review sheet as
a starting point to identify the areas on which you need to spend more study time. For those areas, go back to homework
assignments, quizzes, and reviews to practice more problems. Many of these are available on the Web site – check the
lecture notes and worksheet in the Helpful Documents Folder. I would also recommend going through all of your reviews.
FORMAT:
 Questions will include multiple-choice and matching. You will need a pencil for the Scantron form.
 A formula bank will be provided including the value for the acceleration due to gravity.
Solutions
1. Describe the dissolving process (solvation).
2. What conditions cause solids to dissolve faster?
3. What conditions cause gases to dissolve faster?
4. Interpret solubility curves (see last page).
5. If additional solute dissolves, the solution is ___.
6. If additional solute causes crystallization, the solution is ___.
7. If additional solute doesn’t dissolve, the solution is __.
Refer to the solubility chart to the right.
8. What substance is most soluble at 10°C? ____________
9. What substance is least soluble at 10°C? ____________
10. How many grams of NH4Cl will dissolve at 60°C?
____________
11. What is the most KBr that can be dissolved at 45°C?
____________
12. If 35 grams of KNO3 are in solution at 10°C, what type of
solution will be formed? Saturated, Unsaturated,
Supersaturated
13. What two salts have the same saturation point at 22°C?
________ & __________
14. The solubility of what substance is least affected by
temperature? __________
15. Explain the meaning of “like dissolves like.”
16. Three factors that affect rate of solvation are ___.
VOCAB: solute, solvent, solvation, solubility, concentrated/dilute,
unsaturated/saturated/supersaturated, immiscible, miscible,
precipitate
Acids & Bases
Identify these properties as acid, base, or both (17-23).
.
17. Produces hydroxide ions in solution.
18. Sour taste.
19. Produces hydrogen ions in solution.
20. Bitter taste and slippery feel.
21. Soap and ammonia are examples.
22. Can be detected with an indicator.
23. Vinegar and lemon juice are examples.
24. If you needed a pH of 7.8 in a pool, but the pool has a pH of
6.8, what do you add to the pool?
25. Does salt dissolve in water?
26. Is salt polar or non-polar?
27. If something is insoluble, is it polar or non-polar?
28. Draw water, being sure to label the positive and negative
side.
rev. 12/11/01
29. Identify common substances as acids or bases using pH
value or litmus test.
30. Given the pH of the following substances, which one has the
highest concentration of OH- (hydroxide) ions?
a. H+ ions?
Substance
pH
b. Which is the
Milk
6.4
most basic?
Drain cleaner
10.6
c. Most acidic?
Blood
7.4
d. Closest to
Tomatoes
4.2
neutral?
VOCAB: acid, base, indicator, hydronium ion, pH, salt
IPC
Motion & Forces
31. Newton’s first law of motion states that an object stays _____
unless a ___ acts on it.
32. A person in a head-on car collision, who is not wearing a seat
belt, continues to move forward at the original speed of the
car because of ___.
33. What type of force causes the motion of an object to change?
34. Which of the following objects has the greatest inertia? –
baseball, ping pong ball, bowling ball, marble
35. When an astronaut goes to the moon, which will decrease,
his mass or his weight?
36. What two factors influence the amount of gravitational force?
37. What two factors influence the amount of friction? When is
friction greatest?
38. Debbie is planning a road trip that is 250 km long. How many
hours will it take her if she drives at an average speed of 104
km/h (about 65 mph)?
39. A feather and a penny are dropped from a height of 2 meters.
Which object will hit first without air resistance? With air
resistance?
40. A 4.5 kg cat leaps up onto the counter with a force of 38 N.
What is her acceleration?
41. Find the weight of the 4.5 kg cat in newtons.
42. What determines momentum?
Formulas:
Speed
Velocity
Acceleration
Momentum
Force
Gravity constant
Refer to graph above to answer the following:
43. Where does the object start?
44. What does the slope mean?
45. Where is the object after 12 sec?
46. Refer to the right. Which segment is
A. ____Negative velocity?
B. ____Moving forward?
C. ____Not moving?
D. ____Positive velocity?
E. ____At rest
VOCAB: acceleration, force, friction, gravity, inertia, motion,
speed, velocity, air resistance, Newton’s Second Law, Newton’s
Third Law
Work & Energy
47. What two factors influence KE? When is it greatest?
48. What two factors influence the gravitational potential energy
of an object? When is PE greatest?
49. At what height is an object that has a mass of 50 kg if its
gravitational potential energy is 9800 J?
50. What is the mass of an object if its gravitational potential
energy is 3822 J and it is 15 m above the ground?
51. What conditions are needed for work to be done on an object?
52. Describe the KE & PE of a skier before, during, and after a
downhill run. What stops him? Is energy conserved? How?
53. Joe used 15 N to push a box 3 m. How much work did he do?
54. Two make houses more energy efficient they have storm
windows that have two pieces (panes) of glass with a vacuum
between them. The vacuum has no air at all. What kinds of
thermal transfer does this keep from happening?
55. Which vibrate more: hot atoms or cold atoms?
56. Atoms that vibrate more are moving more, so they have more
of what kind of energy?
57. You look into an hot oven and there is a hot piece of wood and
a hot piece of iron. They have both been in the oven for a
while. A) Which is hotter? B) Which would you rather touch and
why?
rev. 12/11/01
58. What is the formula for work?
59. Determine whether work is being done in each of the
following examples:
a. a train engine pulling a loaded boxcar initially at rest
b. a tug of war that is evenly matched
c. a crane lifting a car
60. You and two friends apply a force of 425 N to push a piano
up a 2.0 m long ramp. If you make it to the top in 5.0 s, what
is your power output in watts?
61. What two factors influence the thermal energy of an object?
When is thermal energy greatest?
62. Describe heat flow and hot & cold in terms of thermal energy.
63. ConDuction, ConVection, or Radiation?
A. ___ You pick up a hot piece of metal and get burned.
B. ___ You put your hand above a pan of hot water.
C. ___ You feel the heat from a brick wall when you put you
hand next to the wall, but not touching it.
D. ___ Why the upstairs of a house is warmer.
E. ___ How the water in the bottom of a pan heats up.
VOCAB: , energy, heat, kinetic, potential, specific heat,
temperature, work
Formulas:
PE
KE
Work
Power
IPC
Waves & Sound
64. Identify the two types of waves & label their main parts.
65. Waves transport ___ through a ___.
66. A jump rope is shaken producing a wave with a wavelength of
0.5 m. If the wave is traveling at 3 m/s, what is its frequency?
67. What two factors influence the speed of a wave?
68. What type of wave is sound? Does is require a medium?
69. Does sound travel faster in air or water? High or low temps?
70. Pitch is related to the ___ of the sound wave. Intensity is
related to the ___.
71. Explain the Doppler effect.
VOCAB: constructive interference, destructive interference,
Formula: wavelength
Electromagnetic Waves
72. What type of wave is EM radiation? Does is need a medium?
73. Describe the relationships between wavelength, frequency,
and energy of EM radiation.
74. What are the 7 types of EM waves? Which has the longest
wavelength? Highest frequency?
75.
VOCAB: reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference,
Electricity
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
Describe the differences between conductors & insulators.
Explain static discharge. How does it relate to lightning?
Resistance causes electrical energy to be converted into ___.
Explain uses of conductors with either high or low resistance.
What 4 factors influence resistance? When is it greatest?
Describe Ohm’s Law – why does adding additional lights to a
series circuit cause each light to get dimmer?
A lightbulb with a resistance of 160  is plugged into a 120-V
outlet. What is the current flowing through the bulb?
Attract or repel? A) ___Two positive charges? B) ___A
positive and a negative charge? C) ___Two electrons? D)
___Two neutral objects?
Positive (+), Negative (-), or Neutral (0) A) __ An object has
20 protons and 25 electrons. B) __ An object has 16 positives
and 16 negatives. C) __ An object that has lost electrons. D)
__ If it is attracted to a proton. E) __ If it gains electrons. F)
___ If it is repelled by an electron.
Label the symbols in the circuit below. Is this a parallel or
series circuit? Which way is the current flowing?
86. Contrast series &parallel circuits. How is each affected by
adding or removing lights? Why aren’t series used in homes?
87. Explain the function of fuses and circuit breakers.
88. A calculator has a 0.01-A current flowing through it. Its
potential difference is 9 V. How much power does it use?
89. If a refrigerator uses 700 W and runs 10 hours each day, how
much energy (in kWh) is used in one day?
90. The current through a 5-ohm resistor connected to a 150-V
power supply is
91. What is the resistance of a toaster that uses 5 A of current
when connected to a 120-volt power source?
92. If you accidentally grabbed the prongs of a partially pluggedin 120-V electrical plug on a day when your skin resistance
was 130,000 ohms, how much current would pass through
your body?
93. How much power is used by a 12.0-V car battery that draws
0.5 A of current?
94. When plugged into a 120-V wall outlet, how much current is
used by an electric blanket rated at 140 W?
95. A 120-watt light bulb is connected to a 120-V outlet. How
much current is in the light bulb?
96. A light bulb is plugged into a 120-volt outlet and has a 0.7 A
current in it. What is the power rating of the light bulb?
VOCAB: static electricity, electric field, conductor, insulator,
electroscope, circuit
rev. 12/11/01
IPC
IPC 2nd Semester Exam Review – ANSWER KEY
1. At the surface of the solute, solvent particles
surround solute particles (due to +/- attractions) and
pull them away into the solution.
2. stirring, increased surface area, high temperature
3. no stirring/shaking, high pressure, low temperature
4. see Solubility Curves w/s
5. unsaturated
6. supersaturated
7. saturated
8. NaNO3
9. KNO3
10. 58
11. 80
12. Supersaturated
13. Yb2(SO4)3 and KNO3
14. NaCl
15. Polar substances dissolve polar substances; nonpolar substances dissolve non-polar substances
16. stirring, increased surface area, high temperature
17. base
18. acid
19. acid
20. base
21. base
22. both
23. acid
24. base
25. yes
26. polar
27. non-polar
28. Provided in class
29. pH less than 7, red litmus test = acid. pH greater
than 7, blue litmus test = base.
30. A. tomoatoes; B. drain cleaner; C. tomoatoes D.
blood
31. In motion unless an outside force
32. inertia
33. unbalanced forces
34. bowling ball (greatest mass)
35. his weight (depends on gravitational force)
36. The mass of the two objects and the distance
between them. Gravity is strongest when the mass
is greater and distance is smaller.
37. The type of surfaces and the force between them.
Friction is greatest when surfaces are rough and the
force between them (usually weight) is large.
38. 2. 4 hours
39. Without air resistance, both objects will hit at the
same time because they both have the same
acceleration due to gravity. With air resistance, the
penny will hit first because air resistance is not high
enough to counteract its weight (takes longer to
reach terminal velocity).
40. 8.4 m/s2
41. 44.1 N
42. Mass and velocity
43. 10 m from the starting point
44. speed
rev. 12/11/01
45. 60 m from its original position
46. A. 1 B. 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 3 E. 2 and 4
47. The mass and velocity of the object. KE is greatest
when mass and velocity are high.
48. The mass and height of the object. PE is greatest
when mass and height are high.
49. 20m
50. 26kg
51. Force must be exerted though a distance that is in
the same direction as the exerted force.
52. Before the run, KE is zero and PE is high. During
the run, PE decreases and KE increases. After the
run, KE decreases as mechanical energy is
converted into thermal energy due to friction.
53. 45 J
54. Radiation and convection
55. Hot
56. Kinetic
57. Iron; Wood – has a higher specific heat, less of a
conductor
58. W=Fd
59. A. yes; B. No; C. yes
60. 170 W
61. The mass and temperature of the object. Thermal
energy is greatest when mass and temperature are
high.
62. Heat is the flow of thermal energy from high temps
to low temps. An object feels cold when heat flows
from your skin to the object. An object feels hot
when heat flows from the object to your skin.
63. A. conduction; B. Radiation; C. Radiation; D.
Convection; E. Convection
64. transverse (wavelength, amplitude, crest, trough),
longitudinal (wavelength, compression, rarefaction)
65. energy, medium
66. 6 Hz
67. The type and temperature of the medium.
68. Sound is a longitudinal wave that requires a
medium.
69. Travels better through water at high temps.
70. frequency, amplitude
71. A sound source moves, sound waves are
compressed in front of and spread out behind the
source. As a result, pitch sounds higher as an
object moves toward you and lower as it moves
away.
72. EM radiation is transverse wave that does not
require a medium.
73. As wavelength increases, frequency and photon
energy decrease.
74. Radio-AM/FM. Microwave-cooking, cell phones.
Infrared-night vision, heat detection, medical
imaging. Visible-sight (ROY G. BIV). Ultraviolettanning, sanitizing. X rays-medical imaging. Gamma
rays-cancer treatment.
75. Light-red, green, blue, additive, make white.
Pigment-cyan, magenta, yellow, subtractive, make
black.
IPC
76. Conductors allow electrons to move freely.
Insulators do not.
77. Static discharge occurs when there is a large
buildup of static electricity. When there is a
separation between areas of negative charge and
positive charge the charges flow toward each other
and create a spark.
78. thermal energy and light
79. High resistance-light bulbs convert electrical energy
to light. Low resistance-copper wiring conducts
electricity without wasting too much.
80. The conductor, wire thickness, wire length,
temperature. Resistance is greatest in thin, long
wires at high temperatures.
81. Voltage equal current times resistance. Adding
lights increases the resistance therefore causing
the current to decrease.
82. 0.75 A
83. A. repel; B. attract; C. repel; D. no attraction
84. A. negative; B. neutral; C. positive; D. negative; E.
negative; F.negative
85. Done in class
86. Series-Adding lights causes lights to dim (less
voltage to each results in less current) and
removing lights causes current to stop. ParallelAdding or removing lights does not affect the
brightness or flow of current to the other lights.
Houses use parallel so you can plug and unplug
devices independently.
87. When too much current overheats the wire, the
metal in a fuse melts and the bimetallic strip in the
circuit breaker bends, causing a break in the circuit.
88. 0.09 W
89. 7 kWh (7000 Wh)
90. 30 A
91. 24 ohms
92. .0009 A
93. 6W
94. 1.16 A
95. 1 A
96. 84 W
rev. 12/11/01
Equations:
Force=ma=mass*acceleration
Fw=mg=Force of weight=mass*gravity
G=9.8 m/s2
Speed=d/t=distance/time
Velocity=d/t with direction
acceleration= (vf-vi)/t
p=mv (momentum)
Work=Fd=force*distance
Power=W/t=work/time
PE=mgh
KE=1/2(mv2)
Wave speed=wavelength*frequency
Volts=I*R=current*resistance
Power=Volts*current
IPC