Unit 4 Chapters 5, 6, & 12
NAME: ___________________________________ HOUR: ___________ DATE: _________
Chapter 5: natural Laws and Car Control
GRAVITY- Is the force that pulls all things to Earth.
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 UPHILL DRIVING- Gravity will __________your car down when going uphill, unless you use extra power.
 DOWNHILL DRIVING- Gravity will ______________your speed going downhill unless you control it .
TREAD and TRACTION
Tread- The grooved surface of a tire that grips the road.

Allows ___________to flow through the ________________ and away from the __________.

This action allows the tire tread to cut through the water and _________ the road.
TOTAL STOPPING DISTANCE: The distance your car travels while you make a stop.
T = P + RT + BD
Total Stopping distance = Perception + Reaction Time + Braking Distance.
T=P+RT+BD
Perception time: The length of time you take to identify, predict, and decide to slow.
Reaction Time: The length of time is takes for you to execute your action
Braking Distance: The distance your car travels from the time you apply the brakes until you stop.
Factors that affect them
1.____________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________
1.____________________________________________
2.____________________________________________
3.____________________________________________
1.____________________________________________
2.____________________________________________
3.____________________________________________
4.____________________________________________
5.____________________________________________
6.____________________________________________
7._____________________________________________
UNIT 4 CHAPTER 5, CHAPTER 6, CHAPTER 12

Using the Chart in your book on page 98 and the information provided below to describe TOTAL
STOPPING DISTANCE.
T=P+RT+BD Road Conditions = Clear and dry Traveling speed = 45 MPH
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Chapter 6: Performing Basic Vehicle Maneuvers
Steering Straight Forward
1.
Hands in a comfortable, _________________ position at 9 & 3.
2.
Look ahead into your intended path of ____________________________.
Steering Straight Backwards
Driving backward involves knowing __________ to look and how to control your direction and speed.
Before backing, make sure your ________ __________ are clear.
Follow these steps:
1.
Hold the brake pedal down and ________________________.
2.
Turn your body to the ____________ and put your __________ arm over the back of the __________________ seat. Look back through the rear window.
3.
Put your left hand at the top of the steering wheel at the 12 o’clock position.
4.
Release pressure on the brake just enough to allow the ____________ to creep backward __________________.
5.
While looking back through the ___________________, move the top of the steering wheel in the ___________________ you want the _______of the vehicle to go.
6.
Keep your foot over the brake pedal while your vehicle is moving backward.
_____________quickly to the front and side to check traffic. Continue to look back through the rear window as you brake and stop.
7.
To back your car to the left, pull/turn the steering wheel to the left.
UNIT 4 CHAPTER 5, CHAPTER 6, CHAPTER 12

SIGNALING
Signaling???? What’s the point???
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
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When making a left or right hand turn in a business or residential district, a continuous signal to turn must be given……..
No less than _________ feet before turning!!!!!
If your turn signals or brake lights are not working below are the proper hand signals to use to communicate your intentions to other roadway users.
Hand Over Hand Steering
Hands in balanced 9 & 3 position
Start pulling down with the left hand & up and over with the right
Release the left and cross it over the right, and continue pulling down.
UNIT 4 CHAPTER 5, CHAPTER 6, CHAPTER 12 unwind the wheel using the hand over hand process.

Making Left and Right Turns
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Making Turns: Requires steering control, speed control, and good visual habits.
Make sure to make a left or right turn only after checking all traffic.
Take these precautions when executing turns:
 Look for pedestrians and oncoming vehicles, check ________ _______ for vehicles about to pass you.
 Plan turns well in advance. Be in the _________ ________ about one block before your turn.
 Obey all traffic signs, singles, and roadway markings. Remember you must __________________________________traffic when you are turning left.
 To make a blind spot check for a lane changes, glance quickly over the shoulder in the direction of the lane change.
UNIT 4 CHAPTER 5, CHAPTER 6, CHAPTER 12

Steps or making a right turn
Begin turning the wheel when your vehicle’s front bumper is even with the curb line.
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Steps for making a left turn:
Begin turning the wheel just before the front of the car reaches the center of the intersection
UNIT 4 CHAPTER 5, CHAPTER 6, CHAPTER 12

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Turning the Vehicle
Around
Turnabouts: Turning your car around to go in the _______________________ direction.
All turnabouts are high risk maneuvers .
Take these precautions when making a turnabout.
1.
Be sure local ______ permit the turnabout (check for signs)
2.
Select a site with at least 500 feet of visibility in each direction.
3.
Do not make a turnabout near hills or curves or within 200 feet of intersections.
4.
Never attempt a turnabout in heavy high-speed _______________.
5.
Continually check all zones for traffic and pedestrians.
MIDBLOCK U-TURN: Make sure state laws permit this type of turn. You need a wide space to make a U-turn. This is because you have to cross lanes traffic to execute it.
UNIT 4 CHAPTER 5, CHAPTER 6, CHAPTER 12

U-Turns
Three-Point Turnabout
This is high risk because you must cross traffic lanes and are stopped across traffic lane.
UNIT 4 CHAPTER 5, CHAPTER 6, CHAPTER 12
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Parking
Define the vocabulary below in your own words. These words can be found on page 119 in your book.
VOCABULARY (Pg. 119)
Reference Point
DEFINITION
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UNIT 4 CHAPTER 5, CHAPTER 6, CHAPTER 12

Standard Reference Point
Personal Reference Point
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Angel Parking
Steps to follow in completing Angle Parking:
1.
Check for traffic and pedestrians Position vehicle at least six feet from the row of parked cars.
Signal a right turn, check traffic to the rear, and begin braking.
2.
Check your right blind spot and continue braking.
3.
Creep forward until you can see the center of the space without your line of sight cutting across the parking line. Turn your wheel sharply to the right and slowly enter the parking spot.
4.
Straighten the wheels when you are centered in the space. Make sure your front bumper is even with the curb or parking line.
Perpendicular Parking – Use when parking at a right angle to the curb.

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Steps to follow when completing perpendicular parking:
1.
Position your vehicle at least 8 feet from the row of parked vehicles, or as far left of the parking spot as possible.
2.
Signal a right turn, check your right blind spot, and begin to brake.
3.
Check traffic to the rear, and continue braking.
4.
When your front bumper passes the left rear taillight of the vehicle to the right of the empty parking space turn your wheel sharply to the right. Check your right-rear fender for clearance.
5.
Straighten your wheel when you are centered in the space.
Prior to parallel parking,,,,,
1.
You use parallel parking to park your vehicle parallel to the curb.
2.
You want to select a space that is 5-6 feet longer than your vehicle.
3.
During your maneuver, the front of your vehicle will swing far to the left.
4.
Check over your left shoulder to be sure this needed space is clear.
UNIT 4 CHAPTER 5, CHAPTER 6, CHAPTER 12
Steps to Follow When Completing Parallel Parking:

Uphill Parking with a Curb 11
1.
Position your vehicle close to the curb. Just before stopping, turn the steering wheel to the left.
2.
Shift to neutral; let the vehicle creep back until the back of the right-front tire gently touches the curb.
3.
Shift to park, and set the parking brake.
4.
When leaving the parking space, signal, check traffic, and accelerate into the lane of traffic.
Uphill Parking with NO CURB
1.
Pull as far off the roadway as possible. Turn the wheel to the
right (this is opposite from uphill WITH a curb)
2.
Shift to park and set the parking brake.
3.
When leaving the parking space, let the vehicle creep backward while straightening the wheels. Signal and check traffic. Shift to drive, and accelerate into traffic.
Downhill Parking With and Without a Curb
1.
Position your vehicle close to the curb and stop.
2.
Let the vehicle creep forward slowly while turning the steering wheel sharply to the right. Let the frontright tire rest gently against the curb.
3.
Shift to park, and set the parking brake.
4.
When leaving check traffic and back short distance while straightening the wheels. Signal, check traffic again, and shift into drive.
UNIT 4 CHAPTER 5, CHAPTER 6, CHAPTER 12

Chapter 12: Driving in Adverse Conditions
Reduced Visibility
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 Whenever visibility is reduced drivers need more time to use the IPDE Process.
You can maintain a safe intend path of travel by……..
 Slowing down to give yourself _____________________________.
 ___________________ in and around your ________ of travel to the target area to identify hazards.
 ________________ others will make maneuvers into your _____________ path of travel.
 _______________ where to position your vehicle ahead of time with extra space around it.
 You are required to use your headlights from dusk to dawn, during periods of poor visibility, and when weather conditions require the use of windshield wipers.
Can create severe and blinding conditions.
Sun glasses and a sun
__________ can help.
The brightest day will create the darkest shadow, with
Sun Glare severe glare situations behind you, so be ______________ for other drivers to miss seeing your signal or even seeing your vehicle.
Driving with low-beam head lights on all the time will help other _______________ see you.
UNIT 4 CHAPTER 5, CHAPTER 6, CHAPTER 12

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Headlights
 Use _________________ headlights to look beyond your headlights for important information.
 Your headlights must be on low beam when you are within _________________ of an oncoming vehicle or within __________________ of a vehicle ahead of you.
 Use low-beam headlights in snow, heavy rain, or fog.
 If you must drive when it is foggy, you should use your low-beam headlights and drive at a speed that will allow you to stop within your field of vision
 Using high-beam headlights will ___________ more light back into your eyes as a result, you will see less.
 During_________ use your _____________________day or night.
RAIN WHILE DRIVING:
 When rain _________________________, it mixes with dust and oil on the road. This mix can make the road very slippery.
HYDROPLANING: When a tire rises up on ________ of water and no longer has ___________________ with the road.
How to Avoid Hydroplaning

Reduce Speed

Use properly inflated tires with good
________.

When driving at a low speed through water, apply ____________________ pressure with your left foot while the right is still on the accelerator. This builds

SNOW : If possible, do not drive in extreme weather conditions.
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DRIVING TECHNIQUES: Gentle acceleration, steering, and braking are keys to vehicle control in snow.
ICE:
Ice on Bridges:
 _____________ tend to freeze before other roadway surfaces. Cold air _________________ above and below the roadway on bridges and overpasses. So there may be ice even if other areas are clear.
Black ice
 Forms in _________________________. Be extra careful for this type of ice in winter situations.
Ice in tire tracks
 Snow can pack down into ice in the normal driving tracks. Avoid this by moving a little to the right side of the lane position
Remember breaking distance will always ______________________ in low-traction situations. Slow early and then be ready to slow even more.
Can you think of other road types that might interfere with traction while driving?
1._______________________________________
2. _______________________________________
3. _______________________________________
UNIT 4 CHAPTER 5, CHAPTER 6, CHAPTER 12

SKIDDING
In extreme traction situations, your tires may lose all or part of their grip on the road.
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Over- Braking Skid
If your vehicle doesn’t have an antilock brake system
(ABS) and your over-brake the wheels may stop or lock up while you are still moving. To correct this release your brake pedal enough to get your wheels rolling.
Does your family car have ABS?
Front-Wheel Skid: When your steering wheel and your vehicle wants to slide straight ahead.
To correct this you need to regain traction for steering. You do this by:
1.
_______________ the accelerator or brake pedal pressure.
2.
Quickly _________ and release the brake pedal to slow if your vehicle does not have
ABS
3.
Continue to look and steer at the path of travel you want to follow.
REAR WHEEL SKID: If the rear end of your vehicle starts to skid, you should turn your wheels in the direction of the skid.
UNIT 4 CHAPTER 5, CHAPTER 6, CHAPTER 12

OTHER ADVERSE WEATHER CONDISTIONS
HOT WEATHER
 Your temperature light gauge indicates when your engine is too hot. When this happens turn off your
____________________________. You can also cool your engine by turning on your heater.
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 Never remove the
________________ cap on a hot engine because the hot liquid inside can scald you.
COLD WEATHER
 Carbon monoxide gas is created when your engine runs.
 Ice or slush stuck to the underside of your vehicle can
____________________your parking brake when you park your vehicle
.
 If you are stuck in snow with your engine running, make sure your
_________________________ is not blocked.
UNIT 4 CHAPTER 5, CHAPTER 6, CHAPTER 12