Stage 2: Change Stage 2: Change Stage 2: Change 20,000-10,000 Years Before Present 20,000-10,000 Years Before Present 20,000-10,000 Years Before Present Glacial erosion then became prominent, and large u-shaped valleys, moraines, hanging valleys, cirques, arêtes, and other glacial landforms were created as the mountains were eroded Glacial erosion then became prominent, and large u-shaped valleys, moraines, hanging valleys, cirques, arêtes, and other glacial landforms were created as the mountains were eroded Glacial erosion then became prominent, and large u-shaped valleys, moraines, hanging valleys, cirques, arêtes, and other glacial landforms were created as the mountains were eroded Volcanism still continued in this time, however glacial erosion was the more influential process. Further evidence of this is Proto-Ngauruhoe (meaning “First” Ngauruhoe), which was eroded down by glaciers carving into the soft ash-cinder cone, leaving a much smaller mountain behind Volcanism still continued in this time, however glacial erosion was the more influential process. Further evidence of this is Proto-Ngauruhoe (meaning “First” Ngauruhoe), which was eroded down by glaciers carving into the soft ash-cinder cone, leaving a much smaller mountain behind Volcanism still continued in this time, however glacial erosion was the more influential process. Further evidence of this is Proto-Ngauruhoe (meaning “First” Ngauruhoe), which was eroded down by glaciers carving into the soft ash-cinder cone, leaving a much smaller mountain behind 20,000 Years ago saw a major change in climate: temperatures dropped and the permanent snowline fell to 1500m above sea level (a.s.l.) 20,000 Years ago saw a major change in climate: temperatures dropped and the permanent snowline fell to 1500m above sea level (a.s.l.) 20,000 Years ago saw a major change in climate: temperatures dropped and the permanent snowline fell to 1500m above sea level (a.s.l.) 15,000 YBP the ice began to melt and retreat, and the glaciers became rivers as the snowline lifted. 15,000 YBP the ice began to melt and retreat, and the glaciers became rivers as the snowline lifted. 15,000 YBP the ice began to melt and retreat, and the glaciers became rivers as the snowline lifted. An example of this type of erosion can be seen in the Mangatepopo Valley, a U-shaped valley. Pinnacle ridge on Ruapehu is also product of glacial erosion An example of this type of erosion can be seen in the Mangatepopo Valley, a U-shaped valley. Pinnacle ridge on Ruapehu is also product of glacial erosion An example of this type of erosion can be seen in the Mangatepopo Valley, a U-shaped valley. Pinnacle ridge on Ruapehu is also product of glacial erosion.