Chapter 4: Studying Ecology
Page 100-117
QUESTION
ANSWER
What is the study of Ecology?
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What are the levels of organization in
ecology?
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How are individuals described by
ecologists? Give an example.
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How are populations described by
ecologists? Give an example.
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How are communities described by
ecologists? Give an example.
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How are ecosystems described by
ecologists? Give an example.
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What is the biosphere?
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QUESTION
ANSWER
What are biotic factors in an
ecosystem? List 3 examples.
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What are abiotic factors in an
ecosystem? List 3 examples.
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How are habitat boundaries defined?
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What is often the sign of a healthy
population size?
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What is often the sign of an unhealthy
population size?
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What was the indicated trouble for the
passenger pigeon?
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What 2 factors worked together to spell
doom for the passenger pigeon?
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QUESTION
ANSWER
What technique do ecologists generally
use to determine population size?
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How does sampling work to determine
population size?
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Why is it sometimes easier to count
animal tracks or droppings when
determining population size?
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What is population density?
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Give two reasons large animals, such as
lions, have lower population densities?
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List one benefit and two costs of high
population densities.
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List one cost and two benefits of low
population densities.
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QUESTION
ANSWER
What three factors of overcrowding is
thought to have doomed the Harlequin
Frog?
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List the three types of population
distribution?
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How are individual organisms arranged
in a random distribution? List an
example.
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How are individual organisms arranged
in a uniform distribution? List an
example.
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How are individual organisms arranged
in a clumped distribution? List an
example.
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Which type of population distribution
is most common?
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How is an age structure diagram used?
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QUESTION
ANSWER
If the age structure diagram is mostly
young, how is population changing?
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If the age structure diagram is mostly
old, how is population changing?
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If the population is stable, how does the
age structure diagram look?
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What is a sex ratio?
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What populations are interested in sex
ratios?
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What four factors determine
population growth?
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What is natality?
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QUESTION
ANSWER
What is mortality?
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In a survivorship curve, what type
indicates death more likely as you age?
Sketch.
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In a survivorship curve, what type
indicates mortality risk is equal at all
ages? Sketch.
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In a survivorship curve, what type
indicates death more likely at a young
age? Sketch.
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What is immigration and how does it
affect population?
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What is emigration and how does it
affect population?
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What is migration and how does it
affect population?
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QUESTION
ANSWER
What is the equation for calculating
population growth?
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What are the two basic types of
population growth?
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What is exponential growth?
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What two conditions must exist for
exponential growth to occur?
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If exponential growth occurs, what
does the graph look like? Sketch and
Describe.
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List two examples of exponential
growth in nature.
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What is logistic growth?
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QUESTION
ANSWER
If logistic growth occurs, what does the
graph look like? Sketch and Describe.
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What causes exponential growth to
stop and become logistic growth?
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Describe a fluctuating population.
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Describe a rise and crash population.
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What are density-dependent factors?
List 2.
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What are density-independent factors?
List 2.
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What is meant by an organism’s biotic
potential? List 2 factors that affect
biotic potential.
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