NAME:___________________________________ DATE:_____ BELL:____ ____/23 POINTS
1.1 SCIENCE & THE ENVIRONMENT CONCEPT REVIEW
MATCHING
In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase.
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1. practice of growing, breeding, and caring for plants
a. loss of biodiversity
and animals used for a variety of purposes
b. supply and demand
2. study of how living things interact with each other
c. “The Tragedy of the
and with their nonliving environments
Commons”
3. conflict between short-term interests of individuals
and long-term welfare of society
d. agriculture
4. declining number and variety of the species in an
e. developed nation
area
f. environmental science
5. study of how humans interact with the environment
g. ecology
6. law describing the relationship between an item’s
availability and its value.
h. developing nation
7. characterized by low population growth rate, high
i. renewable resource
life expectancy, and diverse industrial economies
j. sustainability
8. characterized by high population growth rate, low
energy use, and very low personal wealth
9. state in which a human population can survive
indefinitely
10. natural material that can be replaced relatively quickly through natural processes
MULTIPLE CHOICE
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement
or best answers each question.
___ 11. Which of the following sciences contribute to the field of environmental science?
a. physics and chemistry
c. social sciences
b. biology and earth science
d. all of the above
____ 12. All of the following make up the three major categories of environmental problems
except
a. loss of biodiversity.
c. resource depletion.
b. overpopulation.
d. pollution.
____ 13. During the period of human history known as the ___________________,
human populations grew rapidly because of advances in farming methods.
a. Industrial Revolution
c. “Tragedy of the Commons”
b. agricultural revolution
d. hunter-gatherer period
____ 14. Which major changes in human society and the environment occurred during the
Industrial Revolution?
a. People lived in small tribes; many mammals went extinct
b. Domesticated plants were altered; forest was replaced with farmland.
c. Fossil fuel consumption, technological efficiency, and environmental pollution
increased
d. Common grazing areas were replaced with closed fields.
____ 15. What did hunter-gatherers do to alter the environment?
a. introduce plants to new
c. burn prairie to maintain
regions
grassland
b. over hunt large mammals
d. all of the above
____ 16. Developed nations make up about ____________ percent of the world’s
population and consume about ___________ percent of its resources.
a. 20, 75
c. 75, 20
b. 50, 75
d. 75, 50
____ 17. Hardin’s “Tragedy of the Commons” essay addressed the conflicts associated with
which environmental challenge?
a. preventing pollution
c. curbing overpopulation
b. preserving biodiversity
d. protecting shared resources
____ 18. The ecological footprint for a person in a particular country takes into account what
requirements of supporting that individual?
a. land used for crops
c. forest area that absorbs pollution
b. land taken up by housing
d. all of the above
____ 19. Attempts to create a sustainable society strive to achieve what?
a. greater resource consumption c. negative population growth
b. stable resource consumption
d. restrictions on technology
____ 20. A cost-benefit analysis balances the cost of an action against
a. those who benefit from the action.
b. those who perform the analysis.
c. what consumers and taxpayers are willing to pay.
d. the benefits one expects to receive.
21. What are three different ways that species are lost to extinction through human activities?
(3 points)
1.
2.
3.
TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE
Answer Key
other extinction events in Earth’s history
have not resulted from the acts ofhumans.
No one knows the extent towhich human
society will eventuallyaffect extinction
events.
13. Accept any thoughtful answer.
Sampleanswer: Agree; as long as a society
isself-sustaining and can maintainhealthy
populations, populationgrowth is not a
problem. Disagree;regardless of whether
food resourcesare adequate to support
growing populations, the additional
populationstresses the environment
through suchthings as overconsumption,
pollution,and loss of habitat.
14. Accept any thoughtful answer.
Sampleanswer: Disagree; values and
prioritieswill inevitably differ
somewhat.However, all people, no matter
whattheir cultural background, share
thesame basic needs—the need for
shelter,clean water, food, and places for
recreation. These needs, in turn, shape
people’s values. Ultimately, most people
would agree that a clean, hospitable
environment is a worthwhile goal forall
people to work toward and share.
Concept Review
MATCHING
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
d
g
c
a
f
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
b
e
h
j
i
MULTIPLE CHOICE
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
d
b
b
c
d
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
a
d
d
b
d
Critical Thinking
ANALOGIES
1.
2.
3.
4.
c
d
b
d
5.
6.
7.
8.
a
c
c
c
INTERPRETING OBSERVATIONS
9. Countries A and D are most
likelydeveloping countries because
theyhave high population growth
rates,very low annual per-person
incomes,and low amounts of carbon
releasedfrom fossil fuels.
10. Countries B and C would probablyhave
the highest rates of energy consumption
since they appear to bedeveloped
countries, and they releaselarge amounts
of carbon dioxide fromfossil fuels.
11. Country B is probably the UnitedStates
since it has the highest annualcarbon
dioxide output. Country C isalso an
acceptable answer, because onthese
graphs it shows all the indicatorsof being
a developed country.
REFINING CONCEPTS
15. Citizens of developed countries consume
far more resources than do citizens of
developing countries.Production of these
resources takes upland and sea areas.
Therefore, someoneconsuming more
resources is going toleave a larger
ecological footprint thanwill someone
consuming fewer. Anotheraspect of the
answer is that citizens ofdeveloping
countries often face malnutrition. Thus,
their ecological footprintsare small, even
compared countries withmoderate
consumption rates.
16. Accept any thoughtful answer.
Sampleanswer: initiate antipollution
controlsat the beginning of the
IndustrialRevolution; develop better
international relations to improve the
sharingof agricultural and food resources;
setaside natural areas before urban areas
AGREE OR DISAGREE
12. Accept any thoughtful answer.
Sampleanswer: Agree; massive
extinctionshave been common throughout
Earth’shistory. The planet recovers
andadapts (example—extinction of
dinosaurs, rise of mammals). Disagree;
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Holt Environment Science
74
Science and the Environment