CyanoHAB Search
CyanoHAB Search: A list of Toxic Cyanobacteria References
1.
Aas, P.; Eriksen, S.; Kolderup, J.; Lundy, P.; Haugen, J. E.; Skulberg, O. M.; and Fonnum, F.
(1996). Enhancement of acetylcholine release by homoanatoxin-a from Oscillatoria formosa.
Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2:223-232. Keywords: acetylcholine/ phycotoxin/ Ca2+ channel/
cyanobacterium/ Oscillatoria formosa/ patch clamp/ peripheral nervous system/ vesicle.
2.
Abdel-Rahman, S.; El-Ayouty, Y. M.; and Kamael, H. A. (1993). Characterization of
heptapeptide toxins extracted from Microcystis aeruginosa (Egyptian isolate)—comparison with
some synthesized analogs. Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 41:1-7. Keywords: cyanobacterium/
Microcystis aeruginosa/ hepatotoxins/ extraction/ purification/ HPLC/ ion spray mass/ amino
acid analysis/ synthesized peptide analogs/ LD50 mouse assay/ toxicity.
3.
Abe, T.; Lawson, T.; Weyers, J. D. B.; and Codd, G. A. (1996). Microcystin-LR inhibits
photosynthesis of Phaseolus vulgaris primary leaves: implications for current spray irrigation
practice. New Phytol. 133(4):651-658. Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris (French bean)/
photosynthesis/ microcystin-LR/ blue-green algae/ Microcystis.
4.
Aboal, M.; Puig, M. A.; Mateo, P.; and Perona, E. (2002). Implications of cyanophyte toxicity
on biological monitoring of calcareous streams in north-east Spain. J. Appl. Phycol. 14(1):4956. Keywords: benthos/ biomonitoring/ BMWPc index/ calcareous streams/ cyanobacteria/
Cyanophyta/ diatoms/ IBD index/ macroinvertebrates/ Mediterranean/ Spain/ toxicity.
5.
Acreman, J. (1994). Algae and cyanobacteria—isolation, culture and long-term maintenance.
J. Ind. Microbiol. 13(3):193-194. Keywords: algae/ cyanobacteria/ isolation/ culture/
maintenance.
6.
Adams, W. H.; Stone, J. P.; Sylvester, B.; Stoner, R. D.; Slatkin, D. N.; Tempel, N. R.; and
Siegelman, H. W. (1988). Pathophysiology of cyanoginosin-LR; in vivo and in vitro studies.
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 96(2):248-257. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ cyanoginosin.
7.
Adams, W. H.; Stoner, R. D.; Adams, D. G.; Read, H.; Slatkin, D. N.; and Siegelman, H. W.
(1989). Prophylaxis of cyanobacterial and mushroom cyclic peptide toxins. J. Pharmacol. Exp.
Therapeut. 249(2):552-556. Keywords: Microcystis aeruginosa/ Amanita phalloides/ protective
agents.
8.
Adams, W. H.; Stoner, R. D.; Adams, D. G.; Slatkin, D. N.; and Siegelman, H. W. (1985).
Pathophysiologic effects of a toxic peptide from Microcystis aeruginosa. Toxicon 23(3):441447. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Microcystis aeruginosa/ peptide.
9.
Adamson, R. H.; Chabner, B.; and Fujiki, H. (1989). U.S.-Japan Seminar on "Marine Natural
Products and Cancer". Jap. J. Cancer Res. 80:1141-1144. Keywords: marine natural products/
cancer. (Meeting Report)
10.
Adelman Jr., W. J.; Fohlmeister, J. F.; Sasner Jr., J. J.; and Ikawa, M. (1982). Sodium channels
blocked by aphantoxin obtained from the blue-green alga, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. Toxicon
20(2):513-516. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Aphanizomenon/ aphantoxin.
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CyanoHAB Search
11.
Adeyemo, O. M. and Sirén, A. L. (1992). Cardio-respiratory changes and mortality in the
conscious rat induced by (+)- and (±)-anatoxin-a. Toxicon 30(8):899-905. Keywords:
anatoxin-a/ rat mortality.
12.
Admi, V.; Afek, U.; and Carmeli, S. (1996). Raocyclamides A and B, novel cyclic
hexapeptides isolated from the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria raoi. J. Natural Products
59(4):396-399. Keywords: Oscillatoria raoi/ hexapeptides/ isolated.
13.
Aggen, J. B.; Humphrey, J. M.; and Chamberlin, A. R. (1995). Microcystin LA and LR:
progress towards the total synthesis of two protein phosphatase inhibiting cyclic hetapeptides.
Abstracts of Papers American Chemical Society. 210(1-2), pp. ORGN 368. 210th Am. Chem.
Soc. Natl. Meeting. Aug. 20-24, 1995; Chicago, Illinois. Keywords: synthesis/ protein
phosphatase. (Meeting Abstract)
14.
Aggen, J. B.; Humphrey, J. M.; Gauss, C-M.; Huang, H-B.; Nairn, A. C.; and Chamberlin, A. R.
(1999). The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of analogues of the serine-threonine
protein phosphatase 1 and 2A selective inhibitor microcystin-LA: rational modifications
imparting PP1 selectivity. Bioorg. Medicinal Chem. 7(5):543-564. Keywords: design/
synthesis/ biological evaluation/ analogs/ microcystin-LA/ inhibitor/ PP1/ PP2A/ selective.
15.
Agrawal, M. K.; Bagchi, D.; and Bagchi, S. N. (2001). Acute inhibition of protease and
suppression of growth in zooplankter, Moina macrocopa, by Microcystis blooms collected in
Central India. Hydrobiologia 464:37-44. Keywords: Microcystis/ protease inhibition/ growth
suppression/ zooplankter/ Moina macrocopa/ India.
16.
Aguete, E. C.; Gago-Martínez, A.; Leão, J. M.; Rodríguez-Vázquez, J. A.; Menàrd, C.; and
Lawrence, J. F. (2003). HPLC and HPCE analysis of microcystins RR, LR and YR present in
cyanobacteria and water by using immunoaffinity extraction. Talanta 59(4):697-705.
Keywords: immunoaffinity/ clean-up/ microcystins/ HPCE.
17.
Aguete, E. C.; Gago-Martínez, A.; Rodríguez-Vázquez, J. A.; O'Connell, S.; Moroney, C.; and
James, K. J. (2001). Application of HPLC and HPCE to the analysis of cyanobacterial toxins.
Chromatographia 53(Pt. 2 Suppl.):S254-S259. Keywords: column liquid chromatography/
micellar electrokinetic chromatography/ capillary electrophoresis/ isotachophoresis/
microcystins.
18.
Aguiar, D. G. and Azevedo, S. M. F. O. (1998). Effect of different nutrient concentrations on
growth and hepatoxin production by Microcystis aeruginosa (cyanobacteria). Verh. Internat.
Verein. Limnol. 26:1657-1658. Keywords: nutrient concentrations/ growth/ hepatoxin
production/ Microcystis aeruginosa.
19.
Ahmad, M. R. (1967). Observations on the effect of feeding Labeo rohita (Ham.) with
Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz. Hydrobiologia 29:388-392. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Microcystis
aeruginosa/ Labeo rohita.
20.
Ainslie, R. D.; Barchi Jr., J. J.; Kuniyoshi, M.; Moore, R. E.; and Mynderse, J. S. (1985).
Structure of malyngamide C. J. Org. Chem. 50:2859-2862. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Lyngbya/
products/ malyngamide.
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CyanoHAB Search
21.
Aitkin, R. and Keed, B. (1974). Control for toxic algae in dam water? Agric. Gaz. N.S.W.
85(2):45. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ reservoir.
22.
Akhilender Naidu, K.; Sarada, R.; Manoj, G.; Khan, M. Y.; Mahadeva Swamy, M.; Viswanatha,
S.; Narasimha Murthy, K.; Ravishankar, G. A.; and Srinivas, L. (1999). Toxicity assessment of
phycocyanin—a blue colorant from blue-green alga Spirulina platensis. Food Biotechnol.
13(1):51-66. Keywords: toxicity assessment/ phycocyanin/ Spirulina platensis.
23.
Al-Layl, K. J.; Eriksson, J. E.; Poon, G. K.; and Codd, G. A. (1988). Peptide and alkaloid
toxins in a single strain of the cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae. Br. Phycol. J. 23(3):290.
Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Anabaena flos-aquae/ peptide/ alkaloid.
24.
Al-Layl, K. J.; Poon, G. K.; and Codd, G. A. (1988). Isolation and purification of peptide and
alkaloid toxins from Anabaena flos-aquae using high performance thin-layer chromatography.
J. Microbiol. Methods 7 (6):251-258. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Anabaena flos-aquae/ peptide/
alkaloid/ HPLC/ isolation/ purification.
25.
Alam, M. and Euler, K. L. (1981). Chemical studies on toxins from the blue-green alga
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. In: W. W. Carmichael (ed.) The Water Environment: Algal Toxins
and Health. Plenum Press: New York, pp. 405-414. 491 pp. Keywords: cyanotoxin/
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae/ chemical studies.
26.
Alam, M.; Ikawa, M.; Sasner Jr., J. J.; and Sawyer, P. J. (1973). Purification of Aphanizomenon
flos-aquae toxin and its chemical and physiological properties. Toxicon 11(1):65-72.
Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Aphanizomenon flos-aquae/ purification/ chemical and physiological
properties.
27.
Alam, M.; Shimizu, Y.; Ikawa, M.; and Sasner Jr., J. J. (1978). Reinvestigation of the toxins
from the blue-green alga, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, by a high performance chromatographic
method. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A–Environ. Sci. Eng. 13(7):493-499. Keywords:
cyanotoxin/ Aphanizomenon flos-aquae/ HPLC.
28.
Albay, M.; Akcaalan, R.; Tufekci, H.; Metcalf, J. S.; Beattie, K. A.; and Codd, G. A. (2003).
Depth profiles of cyanobacterial hepatotoxins (microcystins) in three Turkish freshwater lakes.
Hydrobiologia 505(1-3):89-95. Keywords: Lake Sapanca/ Lake Iznik/ Lake Taskisi/
microcystin/ Planktothrix rubescens/ Turkey/ cyanobacteria.
29.
Albuquerque, E. X.; Daly, J. W.; and Warnick, J. E (1988). Macromolecular sites for specific
neurotoxins and drugs on chemosensitive synapses and electrical excitation in biological
membranes. In: T. Narahashi (ed.) Ion Channels. Plenum Publishing Corp, Vol. 1, pp. 95-162,
Ch. 3. Keywords: neurotoxins/ chemosensitive synapses/ macromolecular sites.
30.
Albuquerque, E. X. and Oliveira, A. C. (1979). Physiological studies on the ionic channel of
niotinic neuromuscular synapses. In: B. Ceccarelli and F. Clementi (eds.) Advances in
Cytopharmacology. Raven Press: New York, Vol. 3, pp. 197-211. Keywords: physiological
studies/ ionic channel/ nicotinic neuromuscular synapses.
31.
Albuquerque, E. X. and Spivak, C. E. (1984). Natural toxins and their analogues that activate
and block the ionic channel of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. In: P. Krogsgaard-Larsen, S.
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Brogger-Christensen, and H. Kofod, (eds.) Natural Products and Drug Development, Alfred
Benzon Symposium 20. Munksgaard, Copenhagen. pp. 301-323. Keywords: natural toxins/
ionic channel/ nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
32.
Allen, E. A. D. and Gorham, P. R. (1981). Culture of planktonic cyanophytes on agar. In: W.
W. Carmichael, (ed.) The Water Environment: Algal Toxins and Health. Plenum Publishing
Corp.: New York, pp. 185-192. Keywords: cyanophytes/ culture.
33.
Allen, M. B. (1952). Cultivation of Myxophyceae. Arch. Microbiol. 17:34-53. Keywords:
Myxophyceae/ cultivation.
34.
Allen, M. M. and Stanier, R. Y. (1968). Selective isolation of blue-green algae from water and
soil. J. Gen. Microbiol. 51:203-209. Keywords: blue-green algae/ isolation.
35.
Alonso-Andicoberry, C.; Garcia-Villada, L.; Lopez-Rodas, V.; and Costas, E. (2002).
Catastrophic mortality of flamingos in a Spanish national park caused by cyanobacteria. Vet.
Record 151(23):706-707. Keywords: blue-green alga/ Microcystis aeruginosa/ death/ birds/
Spain/ flamingos.
36.
Amann, M. J. (1984). Instability and variable toxicity of HBP-tx, a toxin in the cyanobacterium
Microcystis aeruginosa. Toxicon 22(1):107-114. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Microcystis
aeruginosa/ HBP-tx.
37.
Amann, M. J. (1982). Model of the formation of differently reacting Microcystis toxins. S.
Afr. J. Sci. 78(9):384. Keywords: cyanotoxins/ Microcystis. (Abstract)
38.
Amann, M. J. (1977). Untersuchungen Über ein Pteridin als Bestandteil des Toxischen Prinzips
aus Synechococcus. Ph.D Thesis, Eberhard, Karls Universität zu Tübingen, Stuttgart. 64 pp.
Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Synechococcus. (German)
39.
Amann, M. J. and Eloff, J. N. (1980). A preliminary study on the toxins of different
Microcystis strains. S. Afr. J. Sci. 76(9):419-420. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Microcystis.
(Abstract)
40.
Amann, M. J. and Jüttner, F. (1981). A rapid procedure for the isolation of an unstable
Microcystis toxin with FDF-features. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 12(2):191-193. Keywords:
cyanotoxin/ Microcystis/ isolation.
41.
Amé, M. V.; Díaz, M. P.; and Wunderlin, D. A. (2003). Occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial
blooms in San Roque Reservoir (Cordoba, Argentina): a field and chemometric study. Environ.
Toxicol. 18(3):192-201. Keywords: microcystin/ cyanobacteria/ water quality/ discriminant
analysis/ pattern recognition/ Argentina/ San Roque Reservoir.
42.
Amemiya, Y.; Kato, K.; and Nakayama, O. (1988). Extracellular products of Microcystis
species: formation of slime layer and DOC pool in surrounding waters. Verh. Internat. Verein.
Limnol. 23:1886-1892. Keywords: extracellular products/ Microcystis.
43.
Amemiya, Y. and Nakayama, O. (1984). The toxicity of Microcystis of waterblooms in Lake
Suwa. Yamanashi Daigaku Kogakubu Kenkyu Hokoku 35:110-116. Keywords: cyanotoxin/
Microcystis/ Japan. (Japanese)
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CyanoHAB Search
44.
Amorim, A. and Vasconcelos, V. (1999). Dynamics of microcystins in the mussel Mytilus
galloprovincialis. Toxicon 37(7):1041-1052. Keywords: Mytilus galloprovincialis/ dynamics/
microcystins.
45.
An, J. and Carmichael, W. W. (1994). Use of a colorimetric protein phosphatase inhibition
assay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the study of microcystins and nodularins.
Toxicon 32(12):1495-1507. Keywords: PPIA/ ELISA/ microcystins/ nodularins.
46.
Andersen, R. J.; Burgoyne, D. L.; Williams, D. E.; Kong, F. M.; Silva, E. D. de; Miao, S. C.;
Allen, T. M.; Holmes, C. F. B.; Chen, D.; and Kent, M. (1993). New natural products from
marine invertebrates. Gazz. Chim. Ital. 123(6):293-299. Keywords: marine invertebrates/
screening/ cytotoxic and enzyme modulatory metabolites/ new natural products.
47.
Andersen, R. J.; Luu, H. A.; Chen, D. Z. X.; Holmes, C. F. B; Kent, M. L.; le Blanc, M.; Taylor,
F. J. R.; and Williams, D. E. (1993). Chemical and biological evidence links microcystins to
salmon 'netpen liver disease'. Toxicon 31(10):1315-1323. Keywords: microcystins/ salmon
netpen liver disease/ links/ British Columbia.
48.
Andrijuk, E. I.; Kopteva, Zh. P.; Gavrish, I. N.; Smirnova, M. M.; Zanina, V. V.; and
Tantsjurenko, E. V. (1977). Some methods for isolation and purification of toxic substances of
blue-green algae. Mikrobiol. Zh. 36(5):616-620. Keywords: cyanotoxins/ isolation and
purification methods. (Ukrainian-translated)
49.
Andrijuk, E. I.; Kopteva, Zh. P.; Smirnova, M. M.; Skòpína, V. V.; and Tantsjurenko, E. V.
(1975). On problem of toxin formation of blue-green algae. Mikrobiol. Zh. 37(1):67-71.
Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Microcystis aeruginosa/ toxin production. (Ukrainian)
50.
Andrijuk, E. I.; Kopteva, Zh. P; Smirnova, M. M.; Tantsjurenko, E. V.; and Zanina, V. V.
(1977). On toxicity of natural populations of some blue-green algae. Mikrobiol. Zh. 39(5):611615. Keywords: toxicity/ blue-green algae. (Ukrainian)
51.
Annadotter, H.; Cronberg, G.; Lawton, L. A.; Hansson, H. B.; Göthe, U.; and Skulberg, O. M.
(2001). An extensive outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with the toxic cyanobacterium
Planktothrix agardhii (Oscillatoriales, Cyanophyceae) in Scania, south Sweden. In: I. Chorus
(ed.) Cyanotoxins: Occurrence, Causes, Consequences. Springer-Verlag: Berlin/New York,
pp. 200-208. 357 pp. Keywords: gastroenteritis outbreak/ toxic cyanobacterium/ Planktothrix
agardhii/ Scania/ Sweden.
52.
Annila, A.; Lehtimäki, J.; Mattila, K.; Eriksson, J. E.; Sivonen, K.; Rantala, T. T.; and
Drakenberg, T. (1996). Solution structure of nodularin: an inhibitor of serine/threoninespecific protein phosphatases. J. Biol. Chem. 271(28):16695-16702. Keywords: nodularin/
structure.
53.
Anonymous. (1983). Algae poisoning—Lake Forsythe. In: Surveillance, Report of the
Lincoln. New Zealand Animal Health Laboratory: New Zealand. Report # No. 10. 26 pp.
Keywords: cyanotoxin/ New Zealand.
54.
Anonymous. (1981). Blue-green algal toxins—a directory. Environ. Sci. Res. 20:465-479.
Keywords: UK/ partial/ toxins/ products/ biotech.
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55.
Anonymous. (1983). Colorless algae can pollute water: cause mastitis. In: Research News.
U.S.D.A.: Peoria, Ilinois. 7 pp. Keywords: water pollution/ cattle toxicity/ mastitis.
(Newsletter)
56.
Anonymous. (1985). Giftproduserende Blagronnalger i Vestfold. Resultater av Undersokelser i
1984. NIVA: Oslo. Report # 0-84135, 18 April 1985. 21 pp. Keywords: cyanotoxin.
(Norwegian)
57.
Anonymous. (1986). Giftproduserende Blagronnalger i Vestfold. Resultater av Undersokelser i
1985. NIVA: Oslo. Report # 0-84135, 10 January 1986. 32 pp. Keywords: cyanotoxin.
(Norwegian)
58.
Anonymous. (1994). IOC-UNEP-WHO-FAO Training course on qualitative and quantitative
determination of algal toxins. In: IOC Training Course Reports No. 29. Friedrich-Shiller
University of Jena: Jena, Germany. Keywords: training/ determining quantity and quality of
algal toxins.
59.
Anonymous. (1986). Nordic Workshop Toxic Cyanophytes. Sept. 24-25, 1986; Huso
Biological Station, Finland. Keywords: cyanotoxins.
60.
Anonymous. (1986). Observasjoner av Toksinproduserende Blagronnalger i Rogaland 1985.
NIVA: Oslo. Report # Notat, 22 April 1986. 8 pp. Keywords: cyanotoxin. (Norwegian)
61.
Anonymous. (1991). Toxicity of Blue-Green Algae in Clear Lake, California. Office of
Drinking Water & Special Epidemiologic Studies Program: Berkeley, California. 64 pp.
Keywords: blue-green algae/ toxicity/ California/ microcystins. (Unpublished)
62.
Anonymous. (1985). Vannblomst Med Giftige Blagronnalger i Rogaland Undersokelser 1984.
NIVA: Oslo. Report # Notat 0-82087, 28 January 1985. 7 pp. Keywords: cyanotoxin.
(Norwegian)
63.
Anonymous. (1983). Vannblomst med giftige blagronnalger - undersokelser i Rogaland 1982.
In: Oversikt. Resuitater. Erfaringer. NIVA: Oslo. Report # 0-82087, F-83462, 18 May 1983.
42 pp. Keywords: cyanotoxin. (Norwegian)
64.
Antonopoulou, S.; Oikonomou, A.; Karantonis, H. C.; Fragopoulou, E.; and Pantazidou, A.
(2002). Isolation and structural elucidation of biologically active phospholipids from Scytonema
julianum. Biochem. J. 367(1):287-293. Keywords: acetylsphingomyelin/ lipid analysis/
phosphoglycolipid/ platelet-activating factor/ Scytonema julianum.
65.
Aplin, T. E. H. (1983). The distribution and ecology of toxic Cyanophyta in south-western
Australia. Toxicon(3 Suppl.):17-20. Keywords: cyanotoxins/ distribution and ecology/
Australia/ livestock mortality.
66.
Aplin, T. E. H (1985). Drinking water quality—the distribution of toxic cyanobacteria (bluegreen algae) in south-western Australia. In: Water Quality: its Significance in Western
Australia. Water Research Foundation of Australia: pp. 86-88. Oct. 13-14; Perth, Australia.
Keywords: drinking water quality/ cyanotoxins/ Australia.
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67.
Aplin, T. E. H. (1967). Waterblooms. J. Agric. West. Aust. 8(11):472-474. Keywords:
cyanotoxin/ waterblooms.
68.
Aplin, T.E.H. and Main, D.C. (1974). Toxic waterblooms. Western Australia Dept. Agriculture
Bull. Report # 3940. 3-4 pp. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ waterblooms.
69.
Aplin, T.E.H.; Pearce, G.A.; and Main, D.C. (1983). Toxic waterblooms. Western Australian
Department of Agriculture Bulletin. Western Australian Department of Agriculture: South
Perth, Western Australia. Report # Farmnote 153/83. 2 pp. Keywords: cyanotoxins/
waterblooms. (Replaces Farmnote 68/76; Superceded by Farmnote 10/90 Toxic algal blooms)
70.
Aracava, Y; Swanson, K. L.; Rapoport, H; Aronstam, R. S; and Albuquerque, E. X. (1987).
Anatoxin-a analog: loss of nicotinic agonism and gain of antagonism at the acetylcholineactivated channels. Fed. Proc. 46:861. Keywords: anatoxin-a analog/ acetylcholine-activated
channels. (Abstract)
71.
Aracava, Y.; Swanson, K. L.; Rozental, R., and Albuquerque, E. X. (1988). Structure-activity
relationships of (+) anatoxin-a derivatives and enantiomers of nicotine on the peripheral and
central nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes. In: G. G. Lunt, (ed.) Neurotox '88: Molecular
Basis of Drug and Pesticide Action. Elsevier Science Publishers: Cambridge, U.K., pp. 157-184,
Ch. 12. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ anatoxin-a/ structure-activity relationships.
72.
Aranda-Rodriguez, R.; Kubwabo, C.; and Benoit, F. M. (2003). Extraction of 15 microcystins
and nodularin using immunoaffinity columns. Toxicon 42(6):587-599. Keywords:
microcystins/ nodularin/ liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry/ solid
phase extraction/ immunoaffinity columns/ Oasis (R) HLB.
73.
Arduino, M. J. (2000). CDC investigations of noninfectious outbreaks of adverse events in
hemodialysis facilities, 1979-1999. Sem. Dialy. 13(2):86-91. Keywords: sodium-azide/
aluminum intoxication/ encephalopathy/ sucralfate/ toxicity/ Brazil.
74.
Arment, A. R. and Carmichael, W. W. (1996). Evidence that microcystin is a thio-template
product. J Phycol. 32:591-597. Keywords: biotoxins/ cyanobacteria/ microcystin/ Microcystis
aeruginosa/ peptide-synthetase/ thio-template.
75.
Armstrong, J. E.; Janda, K. E.; Alvarado, B.; and Wright, A. E. (1991). Cytotoxin production
by a marine Lyngbya strain (cyanobacterium) in a large-scale laboratory bioreactor. J. Appl.
Phycol. 3(3):277-282. Keywords: cytotoxin production/ Lyngbya/ marine/ bioreactor.
76.
Aro, S.; Muittari, A.; and Virtanen, P. (1980). Bathing fever epidemic of unknown aetiology in
Finland. Int. J. Epidemiology 9(3):215-218. Keywords: water disease epidemic/ Finland.
77.
Aronstam, R. S. and Witkop, B. (1981). Anatoxin-a interactions with cholinergic synaptic
molecules. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 78(7):4639-4643. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ anatoxin-a/
interactions with synaptic molecules.
78.
Arthur, J.C. (1887). Second report on some algae of Minnesota supposed to be poisonous. In:
Dept. Agric. Report 1881/86. Pioneer Press Co.: Univ. Minnesota. Report # Biennial Report of
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the Board of Regents No. 4, Suppl. No. 1 (Also quoted in: Idem. Bull. Minn. Acad. Nat. Sci.
3:97). 109-112 pp. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Minnesota.
79.
Arthur, J. C. (1883). Some algae of Minnesota supposed to be poisonous. Bull. Minn. Acad.
Sci. 2:1-12. Keywords: algae/ poisonous/ Minnesota.
80.
Arthur, J.C. (1887). Some algae of Minnesota supposed to be poisonous. In: Dept. Agric.
Report 1881/86. Pioneer Press Co.: Univ. Minnesota. Report # Biennial Report of the Board of
Regents No. 4, Suppl. No. 1, pp. 97-103. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Minnesota.
81.
Asai, R.; Horiguchi, Y.; Yoshida, A.; McNiven, S.; Tahira, P.; Ikebukuro, K.; Uchiyama, S.;
Masuda, Y.; and Karube, I. (2001). Detection of phycobilin pigments and their seasonal change
in Lake Kasumigaura using a sensitive in situ fluorometric sensor. Analyt. Lett. 34(14): 25212533. Keywords: fluorescence sensor/ phycocyanin/ waterbloom/ Microcystis aeruginosa/ Lake
Kasumigaura.
82.
Ash, C.; MacKintosh, C.; MacKintosh, R.; and Fricker, C. R. (1995). Development of a
colorimetric protein phosphorylation assay for detecting cyanobacterial toxins. Water Sci.
Technol. 31(5-6):47-49. Keywords: cyanobacteria/ toxin assay/ colorimetry/ protein
phosphatase inhibition.
83.
Ash, C.; MacKintosh, C.; MacKintosh, R.; and Fricker, C. R. (1995). Use of a protein
phosphatase inhibition test for the detection of cyanobacterial toxins in water. Water Sci.
Technol. 31(5-6):51-53. Keywords: detection/ cyanobacterial toxins/ PPIA/ microcystin/ algal
hepatotoxins.
84.
Ashworth, C. T. and Mason, M. F. (1946). Observations on the pathological changes produced
by a toxic substance present in blue-green algae (Microcystis aeruginosa). Am. J. Pathol.
22:369-383. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Microcystis aeruginosa/ pathological changes.
85.
Astrachan, N. B. and Archer, B. G. (1981). Simplified monitoring of anatoxin-a by reversephase high performance liquid chromatography and the sub-acute effects of anatoxin-a in rats.
In: W. W. Carmichael (ed.) The Water Environment: Algal Toxins and Health. Plenum Press:
New York, pp. 437-446. 491 pp. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ anatoxin-a/ monitoring/ HPLC/ rats.
86.
Astrachan, N. B.; Archer, B. G.; and Hilbelink, D. (1980). Evaluation of the subacute toxicity
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Research. Vol. 27, pp. 211-256. 515 pp. Keywords: cyanotoxins.
323.
Carmichael, W. W. (2001). The cyanotoxins—bioactive metabolites of cyanobacteria:
occurrence, ecological role, taxonomic concerns and effects on humans. J. Phycol. 37(3
Suppl.):9. Keywords: cyanotoxins/ occurrence/ ecological role/ taxonomy/ effects/ humans.
324.
Carmichael, W. W (1981). Freshwater blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) toxins—a review. In:
W. W. Carmichael (ed.) The Water Environment: Algal Toxins and Health. Plenum Press:
New York, pp. 1-13. 491 pp. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ freshwater.
325.
Carmichael, W. W. (1988). Freshwater cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) toxins. In: C. L.
Ownby and G. V. Odell (eds.) Natural Toxins: Characterization, Pharmacology and
Therapeutics. Pergamon Press: London, pp. 3-16. Keywords: cyanotoxins/ freshwater.
326.
Carmichael, W. W. (2001). Health effects of toxin-producing cyanobacteria: "the
CyanoHABs". Human Ecol. Risk Assess. 7(5):1393-1407. Keywords: cyanobacteria/ bluegreen algae/ cyanotoxins/ toxins/ risk/ health.
327.
Carmichael, W. W. (1990). Isolation, characterization and detection of cyanobacteria (bluegreen algae) toxins from freshwater supplies. Ohio J. Sci. 90(2):29. Keywords: cyanotoxin/
isolation/ characterization/ detection/ freshwater.
328.
Carmichael, W. W. (1985). Isolation, culture and toxicity of toxic freshwater cyanobacteria
(blue-green algae). Toxicon 23(1):25-26. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ isolation/ culture/ toxicity.
(First American Symposium on Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins — Abstract)
329.
Carmichael, W. W. (1986). Isolation, culture and toxicity testing of toxic freshwater
cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). In: V. Shilov (ed.) Fundamental Research in Homogenous
Catalysis. Gordon & Breach: New York, Vol. 3, pp. 1249-1262. Keywords: cyanotoxin/
isolation/ culture/ toxicity.
330.
Carmichael, W. W. (2001). A mini-review of cyanotoxins; toxins of cyanobacteria (blue-green
algae). In: W. J. de Koe, R. A. Samson, H. P. van Egmond, J. Gilbert, and M. Sabino, (eds.)
Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins in Perspective at the Turn of the Millenium. W.J. de Koe, printed
by Ponsen & Looyen: Wageningen, The Netherlands. pp. 495-504. 574 pp. Proceedings of Xth
International IUPAC Symposium on Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins. May 21-25, 2000; Guarujá
(Brazil). Keywords: cyanotoxins/ review.
331.
Carmichael, W. W. (1989). Overview of cyanobacteria blue-green algae toxins. Toxicon
27(1):22. Keywords: cyanotoxins/ overview.
332.
Carmichael, W. W. (1999). Preparing for the future: algal toxins and their relationship to
aquatic ecosystem health. J. Phycol. 35(3 Suppl.):6. Keywords: future/ algal toxins/ aquatic
health.
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333.
Carmichael, W. W. (1972). Some Factors Influencing Toxin Production and Accumulation by
Anabaena flos-aquae NRC-44-1. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta. 83
pp. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Anabaena flos-aquae/ toxin production and accumulation.
334.
Carmichael, W.W. (1992). A Status Report on Planktonic Cyanobacteria (Blue-Green Algae)
and their Toxins. Office of Research and Development, EPA: Washington, D.C. Report #
EPA/600/R-92/079. 141 pp. Keywords: status/ cyanotoxins.
335.
Carmichael, W. W. (1991). Toxic freshwater blue-green algae (cyanobacteria): an overlooked
waterbased disease health threat. Health Environ. Digest 5(6):1-4. Keywords: cyanotoxins/
freshwater/ health threat.
336.
Carmichael, W. W. (1996). Toxic Microcystis and the environment. In: M. F. Watanabe, K-I.
Harada, W. W. Carmichael, and H. Fujiki (eds.) Toxic Microcystis. CRC Press: Boca Raton,
Florida, pp. 1-11. 262 pp. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Microcystis/ environment.
337.
Carmichael, W. W. (1994). Toxins of cyanobacteria. Sci. Am. 270(1):78-86. Keywords:
cyanobacteria toxins/ neurotoxins/ microcystin/ nodularin/ saxitoxin/ neosaxitoxin/ anatoxin-a/
anatoxin-a(s).
338.
Carmichael, W. W. (1994). Toxins of cyanobacteria. In: J. R. Forbes, (ed.) Proceedings of the
Fourth Canadian Workshop on Harmful Marine Algae. Department of Public Works and
Government Services: Canada. pp. 4-8. 92 pp. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and
Aquatic Sciences #2016. May 3-5, 1994; Sidney, British Columbia, Canada. Keywords:
cyanotoxins.
339.
Carmichael, W. W. (1988). Toxins of freshwater algae. In: A. T. Tu (ed.) Handbook of
Natural Toxins. Marcel Dekkar: New York, Vol. 3, Marine Toxins and Venoms, pp. 121-147,
Ch. 6. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ freshwater.
340.
Carmichael, W. W. (ed.) (1981). The Water Environment: Algal Toxins and Health. Plenum
Press: New York. Vol. 20, 491 pp. Keywords: cyanotoxin.
341.
Carmichael, W. W. and An, J. S. (1999). Using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA) and a protein phosphatase inhibition assay (PPIA) for the detection of microcystins and
nodularins. Natural Toxins 7(6):377-385. Keywords: cyanobacteria/ cyanotoxins/
microcystins/ nodularins/ detection/ immunoassay/ enzyme assay/ ELISA/ protein phosphatase/
toxins.
342.
Carmichael, W. W.; Azevedo, S. M. F. O.; An, J. S.; Molica, R. J. R.; Jochimsen, E. M.; Lau, S.;
Rinehart, K. L.; Shaw, G. R.; and Eaglesham, G. K. (2001). Human fatalities from
cyanobacteria: chemical and biological evidence for cyanotoxins. Environ. Health Perspect.
109(7):663-668. Keywords: water treatment/ risk management/ exposure/ cyanobacteria/
cyanotoxins/ human deaths.
343.
Carmichael, W. W.; Azevedo, S. M. F. O.; Servaites, J. C.; Yuan, M.; and Soares, R. M. (2002).
Evaluation of ELISA and HPLC/MS methods for measuring microcystins in human blood
serum. In: Tenth International Conference on Harmful Algae. pp. 45. 2002 Annual Meeting of
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the Phycological Society of America. October 21-25, 2002; St. Petersburg, Florida. Keywords:
cyanotoxins/ ELISA/ HPLC-MS/ microcystins/ human blood serum.
344.
Carmichael, W. W.; Beasley, V. R.; Bunner, D. L.; Eloff, J. N.; Falconer, I. R.; Gorham, P. R.;
Harada, K-I.; Krishnamurthy, T.; Yu, M-J.; Moore, R. E.; Rinehart, K. L.; Runnegar, M. T. C.;
Skulberg, O. M.; and Watanabe, M. F. (1988). Naming of cyclic heptapeptide toxins of
cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Toxicon 26(11):971-973. Keywords: cyanotoxin/
hepatotoxin/ naming. (Letter to the Editor)
345.
Carmichael, W. W. and Bent, P. E. (1981). Hemagglutination method for detection of
freshwater cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) toxins. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 41(6):13831388. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ hemagglutination/ detection.
346.
Carmichael, W. W. and Biggs, D. F. (1978). Muscle sensitivity differences in two avian
species to anatoxin-a produced by the freshwater cyanophyte Anabaena flos-aquae NRC-44-1.
Can. J. Zool. 56(3):510-512. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Anabaena flos-aquae/ anatoxin/ muscle/
avian species.
347.
Carmichael, W. W.; Biggs, D. F.; and Gorham, P. R. (1975). Toxicology and pharmacological
action of Anabaena flos-aquae toxin. Science 187:542-544. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Anabaena
flos-aquae/ calves/ rats/ ducks/ goldfish.
348.
Carmichael, W. W.; Biggs, D. F.; and Peterson, M. A. (1979). Pharmacology of anatoxin-a,
produced by the freshwater cyanophyte Anabaena flos-aquae NRC-44-1. Toxicon 17(3):229236. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Anabaena flos-aquae/ anatoxin-a/ pharmacology.
349.
Carmichael, W. W.; Drapeau, C.; and Anderson, D. M. (2000). Harvesting of Aphanizomenon
flos-aquae Ralfs ex. Born. and Flah. var. flos-aquae (cyanobacteria) from Klamath Lake for
human dietary use. J. Appl. Phycol. 12:585-595. Keywords: Aphanizomenon flos-aquae/
biomass/ blue-green algae/ cyanobacteria/ food/ harvesting/ Klamath Lake/ Oregon/ quality
control/ waterbloom.
350.
Carmichael, W. W.; Eschedor, J. T.; Patterson, G. M. L.; and Moore, R. E. (1989). Toxicity
and partial structure for a hepatotoxic peptide produced by Nodularia spumigena Mertens
emend. strain L575 cyanobacteria from New Zealand. Toxicon 27(1):35. Keywords:
cyanotoxin/ Nodularia spumigena/ peptide/ hepatotoxin/ toxicity/ structure/ New Zealand.
351.
Carmichael, W. W.; Eschedor, J. T.; Patterson, G. M. L.; and Moore, R. E. (1988). Toxicity
and partial structure of a hepatotoxic peptide produced by the cyanobacterium Nodularia
spumigena Mertens emend. L575 from New Zealand. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54(9):22572263. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Nodularia spumigena/ peptide/ hepatotoxin/ structure/ New
Zealand.
352.
Carmichael, W. W. and Evans, W. R. (1992). Neurotoxic Lyngbya wollei in Guntersville
Reservoir, Alabama. North American Lake Management Society 12th Annual International
Symposium. pp. 43. Nov. 2-7, 1992; Keywords: Lyngbya wollei/ neurotoxic/ Lake
Guntersville/ Alabama. (Abstract)
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353.
Carmichael, W. W.; Evans, W. R.; Yin, Q. Q.; Bell, P.; and Moczydlowski, E. (1997).
Evidence for paralytic shellfish poisons in the freshwater cyanobacterium Lyngbya wollei
(Farlow ex Gomont) comb. nov. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63(8):3104-3110. Keywords: PSP/
Lyngbya wollei/ neurotoxin/ Guntersville Reservoir/ Alabama/ Tennessee River.
354.
Carmichael, W. W. and Falconer, I. R. (1993). Diseases related to freshwater blue-green algal
toxins, and control measures. In: I. R. Falconer (ed.) Algal Toxins in Seafood and Drinking
Water. Academic Press: London, pp. 187-209, Ch. 12. 224 pp. Keywords: diseases/
cyanotoxins/ freshwater/ control.
355.
Carmichael, W. W. and Gorham, P. R. (1978). Anatoxins from clones of Anabaena flos-aquae
isolated from lakes of western Canada. Mitt. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 21:285-295. Keywords:
cyanotoxin/ Anabaena flos-aquae / anatoxins/ Canada.
356.
Carmichael, W. W. and Gorham, P. R. (1977). Factors influencing the toxicity and animal
susceptibility of Anabaena flos-aquae (Cyanophyta) blooms. J. Phycol. 13(2):97-101.
Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Anabaena flos-aquae/ toxicity/ animal susceptibility.
357.
Carmichael, W. W. and Gorham, P. R. (1980). Freshwater cyanophyte toxins: types and their
effects on the use of micro algae biomass. In: G. Shelef and C. J. Soeder (eds.) Algae Biomass
Production and Use. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press: Amsterdam, pp. 437-448.
Keywords: cyanotoxin/ biotech.
358.
Carmichael, W. W. and Gorham, P. R. (1974). An improved method for obtaining axenic
clones of planktonic blue-green algae. J. Phycol. 10(2):238-240. Keywords: axenic clones/
method/ blue-green algae/ Anabaena flos-aquae.
359.
Carmichael, W. W. and Gorham, P. R. (1981). The mosaic nature of toxic blooms of
cyanobacteria. In: W. W. Carmichael (ed.) The Water Environment: Algal Toxins and Health.
Plenum Press: New York, pp. 161-172. 491 pp. Keywords: cyanotoxin.
360.
Carmichael, W. W.; Gorham, P. R.; and Biggs, D. F. (1977). Two laboratory case studies on
the oral toxicity to calves of the freshwater cyanophyte (blue-green alga) Anabaena flos-aquae
NRC-44-1. Can. Vet. J. 18(3):71-75. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Anabaena flos-aquae/ case
studies/ calves.
361.
Carmichael, W. W.; He, J-W.; Eschedor, J. T.; He, Z-R.; and Yu, M-J. (1988). Partial
structural determination of hepatotoxic peptides from Microcystis aeruginosa (cyanobacterium)
collected in ponds of Central China. Toxicon 26(12):1213-1217. Keywords: cyanotoxin/
Microcystis aeruginosa/ hepatotoxin/ structure/ China.
362.
Carmichael, W. W. and Hyde, E. G. (2000). Anatoxins. In: P. S. Spencer, H. H. Schaumburg,
and A. C. Ludolph (eds.) Expermental and Clinical Neurotoxicology. 2nd ed. Oxford
Univesity Press: New York & Oxford, pp. 196-198. 1352 pp. Keywords: anatoxins.
363.
Carmichael, W. W.; Jones, C. L. A.; Mahmood, N. A.; and Theiss, W. C. (1985). Algal toxins
and water-based diseases. In: C. P. Straub (ed.) Critical Reviews in Environmental Control.
Chemical Rubber Co. Press: Florida, Vol. 15, Issue 3, pp. 275-313. Keywords: cyanotoxin/
diseases.
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364.
Carmichael, W. W. and Mahmood, N. A. (1984). Toxins from freshwater cyanobacteria. In: E.
P. Ragelis (ed.) Seafood Toxins. American Chemical Society: Washington, D.C., pp. 377-389.
ACS Symposium Series #262. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ freshwater.
365.
Carmichael, W. W.; Mahmood, N. A.; and Hyde, E. G. (1990). Cellular mechanisms of action
for freshwaer cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) toxins. In: A. E. Pohland and J. Richard (eds.)
Microbial Toxins in Foods and Feeds. Plenum Publ. Corp.: New York, pp. 553-573.
Keywords: mechanisms/ action/ freshwater/ cyanotoxins.
366.
Carmichael, W. W.; Mahmood, N. A.; and Hyde, E. G. (1990). Natural toxins from
cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). In: S. Hall and G. Strichartz (eds.) Marine Toxins: Origin,
Structure, and Molecular Pharmacology. American Chemical Society: Washington, D.C., pp.
87-106, Ch. 6. ACS Symposium Series #418. Keywords: cyanotoxins.
367.
Carmichael, W. W.; Pinotti, M. H.; and Fraleigh, P. C. (1986). Toxicity of a clonal isolate of
the cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Microcystis aeruginosa from Lake Erie. Ohio J. Sci.
86(2):53. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Microcystis aeruginosa. (Meeting Abstract)
368.
Carmichael, W.W. and Schwartz, L.D. (1984). Preventing livestock deaths from blue-green
algae poisoning. In: Farmers Bulletin. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture: Washington, D.C. Report #
2275. 12 pp. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ livestock deaths/ prevention.
369.
Carmichael, W. W.; Sirenko, L. A.; Klochenko, P. D.; and Shevchenko, T. F. (2001). A
comparative assessment of the toxicity of algae and cyanobacteria in water bodies of Ukraine.
Phycologia 40(4 Suppl.):15. Keywords: algal toxicity/ cyanobacteria/ Ukraine.
370.
Carmichael, W. W.; Tchernajenko, V. M.; and Evans, W. R. (1993). Cyclic peptide
hepatotoxins in the freshwater cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) from blooming water bodies of
Ukraine and Euopean part of Russia. Dokl. Akad. Nauk. 330(5):659-661. Keywords:
hepatotoxins/ freshwater/ Ukraine/ Russia. (Russian)
371.
Carmichael, W. W.; Yu, M-J.; He, Z-R.; He, J-W.; and Yu, J-L. (1988). Occurrence of the
toxic cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Microcystis aeruginosa in Central China. Arch.
Hydrobiol. 114(1):21-30. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Microcystis aeruginosa/ China/ occurrence.
372.
Carpenter, E. J.; Bergman, B.; Dawson, R.; Siddiqui, P. J. A.; Söderbäck, E.; and Capone, D. G.
(1992). Glutamine synthetase and nitrogen cycling in colonies of the marine diazotrophic
cyanobacteria Trichodesmium spp. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58(9):3122-3129. Keywords:
Trichodesmium thiebautii/ glutamine synthetase/ nitrogen cycling.
373.
Carpenter, E. J. and Carmichael, W. W. (1995). Taxonomy of cyanobacteria. In: G. M.
Hallegraeff, D. M. Anderson, and A. D. Cembella (eds.) Manual on Harmful Marine
Microalgae. UNESCO Publishing: pp. 373-380, Ch. 19. IOC Manuals and Guides #33.
Keywords: cyanobacteria/ taxonomy.
374.
Carpenter, E. J.; Chang, J.; Cottrell, M.; Schubauer, J.; Paerl, H. W.; Bebout, B. M.; and Capone,
D. G. (1990). Re-evaluation of nitrogenase oxygen-protective mechanisms in the planktonic
marine cyanbacterium Trichodesmium. Mar. Ecol.–Prog. Ser. 65(2):151-158. Keywords:
Trichodesmium thiebautii/ nitrogenase oxygen-protective mechanisms/ Caribbean Sea.
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375.
Carpenter, E. J.; Harvey, H. R.; Fry, B.; and Capone, D. G. (1997). Biogeochemical tracers of
the marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium. Deep-Sea Res. Part 1 44(1):27-38. Keywords:
Trichodesmium/ biogeochemical tracers.
376.
Carpenter, E. J.; O'Neil, J. M.; Dawson, R.; Capone, D. G.; Siddiqui, P. J. A.; Roenneberg, T.;
and Bergman, B. (1993). The tropical diazotrophic phytoplankter Trichodesmium: biological
characteristics of two common species. Mar. Ecol.–Prog. Ser. 95:295-304. Keywords:
Trichodesmium thiebautii/ Trichodesmium erythraeum/ biological characteristics.
377.
Carpenter, E. J. and Roenneberg, T. (1995). The marine planktonic cyanobacteria
Trichodesmium spp.: photosynthetic rate measurements in the SW Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Ecol.–
Prog. Ser. 118(1-3):267-273. Keywords: Trichodesmium photosynthesis/ primary productivity/
Caribbean Sea phytoplankton/ marine planktonic cyanobacteria/ marine diazotrophs/ N2 fixation/
photosynthetic quotient.
378.
Carrasco, C. D.; Buettner, J. A.; and Golden, J. W. (1995). Programmed DNA rearrangement
of a cyanobacterial hupL gene in heterocysts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 92:791-795. Keywords:
DNA rearrangement/ cyanobacterial hupL gene.
379.
Carrillo, E.; Ferrero, L. M.; Alonso-Andicoberry, C.; Basanta, A.; Martin, A.; Lopez-Rodas, V.;
and Costas, E. (2003). Interstrain variability in toxin production in populations of the
cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa from water-supply reservoirs of Andalusia and lagoons
of Donana National Park (southern Spain). Phycologia 42(3):269-274. Keywords: cyclic
heptapeptide microcystin/ peptide synthetase genes/ nontoxic strains/ biosynthesis/ blooms/
phytoplankton/ health/ lakes/ light/ Microcystis aeruginosa/ Donana National Park (southern
Spain).
380.
Carter, D. C.; Moore, R. E.; and Mynderse, J. S. (1984). Structure of majusculamide C, a cyclic
depsipeptide from Lyngbya majuscula. J. Org. Chem. 49:236-241. Keywords: cyanotoxin/
products/ Lyngbya majuscula/ majusculamide/ mass spectrometry/ NMR.
381.
Casanova, M. T.; Burch, M. D.; Brock, M. A.; and Bond, P. M. (1999). Does toxic Microcystis
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382.
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383.
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membranes. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 20:15-43. Keywords: neurotoxins/ voltagesensitive sodium channels.
384.
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Function and Evolution . Wiley: Chichester. Vol. 171, pp. 64-87. Ciba Foundation Symposium
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385.
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386.
Chakraborty, T. K. and Joshi, S. P. (1990). Total synthesis of n-phthaloyl Adda methyl ester:
all stereocenters originating from a single chiral epoxyalcohol. Tetrahed. Lett. 31(14):20432046. Keywords: synthesis/ N-phthaloyl Adda methyl ester.
387.
Chamberlain, W.J. (1948). Effects of algae on water supply. In: Department of Chemistry
Papers. Univ. of Queensland: Brisbane. Vol. 1, No. 29, 60 plates, 80 pp. Keywords:
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388.
Chamorro, G.; Salazar, M.; Araujo, K. G. D.; dos Santos, C. P.; Ceballos, G.; and Castillo, L. F.
(2002). Update on the pharmacology of Spirulina (Arthrospira), an unconventional food.
Arch. Lat. Nutr. 52(3):232-240. Keywords: blue-green algae/ Spirulina/ Arthrospira/
pharmacology.
389.
Chang, Z. X.; Flatt, P.; Gerwick, W. H.; Nguyen, V. A.; Willis, C. L.; and Sherman, D. H.
(2002). The barbamide biosynthetic gene cluster: a novel marine cyanobacterial system of
mixed polyketide synthase (PKS)-non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) origin involving an
unusual trichloroleucyl starter unit. Gene 296(1-2):235-247. Keywords: Lyngbya majuscula/
natural product biosynthesis/ modular polyketide synthase/ non-ribosomal peptide synthetase/
halogenase.
390.
Chapman, A. D. and Schelske, C. L. (1997). Recent appearance of Cylindrospermopsis
(cyanobacteria) in five hypereutrophic Florida lakes. J. Phycol. 33(2):191-195. Keywords:
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391.
Chaput, M. and Grant, G.A. (1958). III. Screening of a number of species. In: Toxic algae.
Can. Defense Research Board, Defense Research Laboratories: Ottawa. Report # 279, Project
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392.
Chauhan, V. S.; Marwah, J. B.; and Bagchi, S. N. (1992). Effect of an antibiotic from
Oscillatoria sp. on pytoplankters, higher plants and mice. New Phytol. 120(2):251-257.
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393.
Chen, C. Y. and Chou, H. N. (2001). Accumulation and depuration of paralytic shellfish
poisoning toxins by purple clam Hiatula rostrata Lighttoot. Toxicon 39(7):1029-1034.
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minutum.
394.
Chen, C. Y. and Chou, H. N. (2002). Fate of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in purple clam
Hiatula rostrata, in outdoor culture and laboratory culture. Mar. Poll. Bull. 44(8):733-738.
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Hiatula rostrata.
395.
Chen, D. Z. X.; Boland, M. P.; Smillie, M. A.; Klix, H.; Ptak, C.; Andersen, R. J.; and Holmes,
C. F. B. (1993). Identification of protein phosphatase inhibitors of the microcystin class in the
marine environment. Toxicon 31(11):1407-1414. Keywords: identification/ protein
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396.
Chen, J-L.; Moore, R. E.; and Patterson, G. M. L. (1991). Structures of Nostocyclophanes A-D.
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397.
Chen, X. X.; Smith, G. D.; and Waring, P. (2003). Human cancer cell (Jurkat) killing by the
cyanobacterial metabolite calothrixin A. J. Appl. Phycol. 15(4):269-277. Keywords: apoptosis/
calothrixin A/ cyanobacteria/ DNA damage/ menadione/ reactive oxygen/ redox cycle/ human
cancer cell.
398.
Chen, Y.; He, J.; Zhuang, L.; Zeng, L.; and Qu, L. (1999). Sequence analysis of rDNA 16S23S intergenic spacer from Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis wesenbergii in Donghu
Lake, China. Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica 23(1):41-46. Keywords: Microcystis aeruginosa/
Microcystis wesenbergii/ rDNA/ intergenic spacer regions/ sequence analysis/ China.
399.
Cheng, K.; Zhao, Y. J.; Xu, M.; Yin, J.; Xiong, Q.; Zhou, J. C.; Wang, Y. Z.; Zhang, W.; Wang,
J. W.; Liu, Z. Y.; and Wang, F. R. (2002). An ecological study on dynamics of toxic
Microcystis blooms in a eutrophic park pond, Wuhan, China. Prog. Natural Sci 12(1):30-35.
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China.
400.
Chengappa, M. M.; Pace, L. W.; and McLaughlin, B. G. (1989). Blue-green algae (Anabaena
spiroides) toxicosis in pigs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 194(12):1724-1725. Keywords:
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401.
Chernoff, N.; Hunter III, E. S.; Hall, L. L.; Rosen, M. B.; Brownie, C. F.; Malarkey, D.; Marr,
M.; and Herkovits, J. (2002). Lack of teratogenicity of microcystin-LR in the mouse and toad.
J. Appl. Toxicol. 22(1):13-17. Keywords: microcystin/ developmental toxicology/ mouse/ toad/
embryo/ blue-green algae/ cyanobacterial toxins/ hepatic-necrosis/ liver/ exposure/ mice/
hepatotoxicity/ toxicosis/ toxicity.
402.
Chetsumon, A.; Maeda, I.; Umeda, F.; Yagi, K.; Miura, Y.; and Mizoguchi, T. (1995).
Continous antibiotic production by an immobilized cyanobacterium in a seaweed-type
bioreactor. J. Appl. Phycol. 7(2):135-139. Keywords: continuous culture/ cyanobacterium/
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1075. Hokama, Y. (1993). Recent methods for detection of seafood toxins: recent immunological
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1077. Holladay, M. W.; Lebold, S. A.; and Lin, N-H. (1995). Structure-activity relationships of
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1087. Honkanen, R. E.; Caplan, F. R.; Baker, K. K.; Baldwin, C. L.; Bobzin, S. C.; Bolis, C. M.;
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1090. Honkanen, R. E.; Dukelow, M.; Zwiller, J.; Moore, R. E.; Khatra, B. S.; and Boynton, A. L.
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repeat domain/ serine threonine phosphatases/ BALB/ 3T3 cell-transformation/ promoter okadaic
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1095. Hooser, S. B.; Basgall, E. J.; Beasley, V. R., and Haschek, W. M. (1988). Sequential
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1097. Hooser, S. B.; Beasley, V. R.; Basgall, E. J.; Carmichael, W. W.; and Haschek, W. M. (1990).
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1098. Hooser, S. B.; Beasley, V. R.; Kuhlenschmidt, M. S., and Haschek, W. M. (1989). MicrocystinLR induces morphologic and cytoskeletal hepatocyte changes in vitro and in vivo. Toxicologist.
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1100. Hooser, S. B.; Beasley, V. R.; Waite, L. L.; Kuhlenschmidt, M. S.; Carmichael, W. W.; and
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1101. Hooser, S. B.; Kuhlenschmidt, M. S.; Dahlem, A. M.; Beasley, V. R.; Carmichael, W. W.; and
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marine cyanobacterium Symploca hydnoides. J. Natural Products 65(4):487-491. Keywords:
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marine cyanobacterium Symploca hydnoides [Correction for 2002, 65:488]. J. Natural Products
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1105. Horgen, F. D.; Yoshida, W. Y.; and Scheuer, P. J. (2000). Malevamides A-C, new
depsipeptides from the marine cyanobacterium Symploca laete-viridis. J. Natural Products
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1114. Howard, A.; Kirkby, M. J.; Kneale, P. E.; and McDonald, A. T. (1995). Modeling the growth
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1117. Howard, M. H.; Sardina, F. J.; and Rapoport, H. (1990). Chirospecific synthesis of nitrogen
and side-chain modified anatoxin analogs: synthesis of (1R)-anatoxinal and (1R)-anatoxinic acid
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1119. Howarth, R. W.; Chan, F.; and Marino, R. (1999). Do top-down and bottom-up controls
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Drinking Water. pp. 383-390. Sept. 13-15; Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Keywords:
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algae waterbloom/ NOAA satellite/ Chaohu Lake/ China.
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Peters, C.; and Kallick, C. (1995). The first reported outbreak of diarrheal illness associated
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1126. Huby, N. J. S.; Kinsman, R. G.; Lathbury, D.; Vernon, P. G.; and Gallagher, T. (1991).
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1127. Huby, N. J. S.; Thompson, P.; Wonnacott, S.; and Gallagher, T. (1991). Structural modification
of anatoxin-a. Synthesis of model affinity ligands for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. J.
Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 4:243-245. Keywords: anatoxin-a/ structural modification.
1128. Hughes, E. O.; Gorham, P. R.; and Zehnder, A. (1958). Toxicity of a unialgal culture of
Microcystis aeruginosa. Can. J. Microbiol. 4:225-236. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Microcystis
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1129. Hummert, C.; Reichelt, M.; Weiss, J.; Liebert, H. P.; and Luckas, B. (2001). Identification of
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Germany). Chemosphere 44(7):1581-1588. Keywords: microcystins/ LC/ UV/ LC-MS/
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1130. Humpage, A. R. and Falconer, I. R. (1999). Microcystin-LR and liver-tumor promotion—
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1131. Humpage, A. R. and Falconer, I. R. (2003). Oral toxicity of the cyanobacterial toxin
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for deriving a drinking water guideline value. Environ. Toxicol. 18(2):94-103. Keywords:
Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii/ chronic toxicity/ drinking water regulatory guideline values/
NOAEL/ cultured rat hepatocytes/ in vivo/ alkaloid cylindrospermopsin/ Raciborskii
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1132. Humpage, A. R.; Fenech, M.; Thomas, P.; and Falconer, I. R. (2000). Micronucleus induction
and chromosome loss in transformed human white cells indicate clastogenic and aneugenic
action of the cyanobacterial toxin, cylindrospermopsin. Mutat. Res.–Genetic Toxicol. Environ.
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1133. Humpage, A. R.; Hardy, S. J.; Moore, E. J.; Froscio, S. M.; and Falconer, I. R. (2000).
Microcystins (cyanobacterial toxins) in drinking water enhance the growth of aberrant crypt foci
in the mouse colon. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health–Part A 61(3):155-165. Keywords: tumor
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and Oscillatoria tenuis strains isolated from Egyptian freshwaters. Environ. Toxicol. 14(1):197201. Keywords: efficiency/ activated carbon removal/ microcystins/ Microcystis aeruginosa/
Oscillatoria tenuis/ Egyptian freshwaters.
1787. Mohamed, Z. A.; Carmichael, W. W.; and Hussein, A. A. (2003). Estimation of microcystins
in the freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus in an Egyptian fish farm containing a Microcystis
bloom. Environ. Toxicol. 18(2):137-141. Keywords: Microcystis/ microcystins/ fish/
accumulation/ Nile perch / protein phosphatase inhibition/ linked-immunosorbent-assay/ peptide
toxin/ brown trout/ LR/ accumulation/ aeruginosa/ hepatotoxicity/ nodularins/ Daphnia/
Oreochromis niloticus / Egypt.
1788. Mohan, M. and Mukerji, K. G. (1979). Some biologically active extracellular products of bluegreen algae. Phykos 18(1/2):73-82. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ products/ Cylindrospermum/
Anabaenopsis/ Anacystis.
1789. Mohapatro, P. C.; Mohapatro, S.; and Padhy, R. N. (1997). Insecticides impair development
and germination of akinetes of the cyanobacterium Anabaena doliolum. Fresen. Environ. Bull.
6(9-10):579-583. Keywords: Anabaena doliolum/ insecticidal/ akinetes.
1790. Moikeha, S. N. and Chu, G. W. (1971). Dermatitis-producing alga Lyngbya majuscula Gomont
in Hawaii. II. Biological properties of the toxic factor. J. Phycol. 7:8-13. Keywords:
cyanotoxin/ Lyngbya majuscula/ dermatitis/ Hawaii/ biological properties.
1791. Moikeha, S. N.; Chu, G. W.; and Berger, L. R. (1971). Dermatitis-producing alga Lyngbya
majuscula Gomont in Hawaii. I. Isolation and chemical characterization of the toxic factor. J.
Phycol. 7:4-8. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Lyngbya majuscula/ dermatitis/ Hawaii/ isolation/
characterization.
1792. Molica, R.; Onodera, H.; Garcia, C.; Rivas, M.; Andrinolo, D.; Nascimento, S.; Meguro, H.;
Oshima, Y.; Azevedo, S.; and Lagos, N. (2002). Toxins in the freshwater cyanobacterium
Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Cyanophyceae) isolated from Tabocas reservoir in Caruaru,
Brazil, including demonstration of a new saxitoxin analogue. Phycologia 41(6):606-611.
Keywords: paralytic shellfish toxins/ Aphanizomenon-flos-aquae/ Cylindrospermopsis
raciborskii/ Tabocas reservoir/ Caruaru, Brazil.
1793. Molloy, L.; Wonnacott, S.; Gallagher, T.; Brough, P. A.; and Livett, B. G. (1995). Anatoxin-a
is a potent agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine-receptor of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.
Eur. J. Pharmacol.: Mol. Pharmacol. Sec. 289 (3):447-453. Keywords: anatoxin-a/ bovine/
adrenal chromaffin cells/ nicotinic acetylcholine receptor/ neuronal type/ nicotinic receptor
agonist/ mecamylamine/ noradrenaline release/ adrenaline release.
1794. Monserrat, J. M.; Yunes, J. S.; and Bianchini, A. (2001). Effects of Anabaena spiroides
(cyanobacteria) aqueous extracts on the acetylcholinesterase activity of aquatic species.
Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 26(6):1228-1235. Keywords: neurotoxins/ acetylcholinesterase/
cyanobacteria/ Anabaena spiroides/ aquatic species.
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1795. Moollan, R. W.; Rae, B.; and Verbeek, A. (1996). Some comments on the determination of
microcystin toxins in waters by high-performance liquid chromatography. Analyst 121(2):233238. Keywords: determination/ Microcystis/ toxins/ HPLC/ nodularin/ photodiode array
detection/ microcystin identification/ ultraviolet spectra/ solid-phase extraction.
1796. Moon, S-S.; Chen, J-L.; Moore, R. E.; and Patterson, G. M. L. (1992). Calophycin, a fungicidal
cyclic decapeptide from the terrestrial blue-green alga Calothrix fusca. J. Org. Chem.
57(4):1097-1103. Keywords: calophycin/ Calothrix fusca.
1797. Moor, F. C. de and Scott, W. E. (1985). Digestion of Microcystis aeriginosa by Oreochromis
mossambicus. J. Limnol. Soc. S. Afr. 11(1):14-19. Keywords: digestion/ Microcystis
aeriginosa/ Oreochromis mossambicus/ South Africa.
1798. Moore, B. S. (1999). Biosynthesis of marine natural products: microorganisms and microalgae.
Natural Product Rep. 16(6):653-674. Keywords: marine natural products/ biosynthesis.
1799. Moore, B. S.; Chen, J-L.; Patterson, G. M. L.; and Moore, R. E. (1990). [7.7] paracyclophanes
from blue-green algae. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112(10):4061-4063. Keywords: paracyclophanes/
cytotoxins.
1800. Moore, B. S.; Ohtani, I.; Koning, C. B. de; Moore, R. E.; and Carmichael, W. W. (1992).
Biosynthesis of anatoxin-a(s). Origin of the carbons. Tetrahed. Lett. 33(44):6595-6598.
Keywords: anatoxin-a(s)/ biosynthesis.
1801. Moore, G. T. (1900). Algae as a cause of the contamination of drinking water. Am. J.
Pharmacy 72:25. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ cyanobacteria/ drinking water.
1802. Moore, R. E. (1981). Constituents of blue-green algae. In: P. J. Scheuer (ed.) Marine Natural
Products: Chemical and Biological Perspectives. Academic Press: New York, Vol. IV, pp. 1-52,
Ch. 1. Keywords: cyanotoxin.
1803. Moore, R. E. (1992). Cyanobacterial toxins. Abstr. Papers Am. Chem. Soc. 203:482.
Keywords: toxins/ cyanobacterial. (Meeting Abstract)
1804. Moore, R. E. (1996). Cyclic peptides and depsipeptides from cyanobacteria: a review. J. Ind.
Microbiol. 16(2):134-143. Keywords: natural products/ hepatotoxins/ fungicides/ antitumor
agents/ enzyme inhibitors/ cyclic peptides/ depsipeptides.
1805. Moore, R. E. (1984). Public health and toxins from marine blue-green algae. In: E. P. Ragelis
(ed.) Seafood Toxins. American Chemical Society: Washington, D.C., pp. 369-376. v.
Symposium Series 262. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ marine/ public health.
1806. Moore, R. E. (1984). Structure-activity studies of aplysiatoxin-type tumor promoters. In: H.
Fujiki, E. Heeker, R. E. Moore, T. Sugimura, and I. B. Weinstein (eds.) Cellular Interactions by
Environmental Tumor Promoters. Japan Sci. Soc. Press, Tokyo/VNU Science Press: Utrecht,
pp. 49-57. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ aplysiatoxin/ tumor promoters.
1807. Moore, R. E. (1982). Toxins, anticancer agents, and tumor promoters from marine prokaryotes.
Pure Appl. Chem. 54:1919-1934. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ marine/ pharmaceuticals/ products/
anticancer/ toxin.
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1808. Moore, R. E. (1977). Toxins from blue-green algae. Bioscience 27(12):797-802. Keywords:
cyanotoxins.
1809. Moore, R. E. (1981). Toxins from marine blue-green algae. In: W. W. Carmichael (ed.) The
Water Environment: Algal Toxins and Health. Plenum Press: New York, pp. 15-23. 491 pp.
Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Lyngbya/ Schizothrix/ Oscillatoria/ lyngbyatoxin/ aplsiatoxin/
teleocidin/ dermatitis/ tumor promoter.
1810. Moore, R. E.; Banarjee, S.; Bornemann, V.; Caplan, F. R.; Chen, J-L.; Corley, D. G.; Larsen, L.
K.; Moore, B. S.; Patterson, G. M. L.; Paul, V. J.; Stewart, J. B.; and Williams, D. E. (1989).
Novel cytotoxins and fungicides from blue-green algae and marine animals possessing algal
symbionts. Pure Appl. Chem. 61(3):521-524. Keywords: cytotoxins/ fungicides/ algal
symbionts.
1811. Moore, R. E.; Blackman, A. J.; Cheuk, C. E.; Mynderse, J. S.; Matsumoto, G. K.; Clardy, J.;
Woodard, R. W.; and Craig, J. C. (1984). Absolute stereochemistries of the aplysiatoxins and
oscillatoxin A. J. Org. Chem. 49:2484-2489. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ aplysiatoxin/
oscillatoxin/ structure/ stereochemistry.
1812. Moore, R. E.; Bornemann, V.; Niemczura, W. P.; Gregson, J. M.; Chen, J-L.; Norton, T. R.;
Patterson, G. M. L.; and Helms, G. L. (1989). Puwainaphycin C, a cardioactive cyclic peptide
from the blue-green alga Anabaena BQ-16-1. Use of two-dimensional 13C-13C and 13C-15N
correlation spectroscopy in sequencing the amino acid units. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111(16):61286132. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Anabaena/ cardioactive/ mass spectrometry.
1813. Moore, R. E.; Chen, J-L.; Moore, B. S.; Patterson, G. M. L.; and Carmichael, W. W. (1991).
Biosynthesis of microcystin-LR—origin of the carbons in the Adda and Masp units. J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 113(13):5083-5084. Keywords: biosynthesis/ microcystin-LR/ Adda/ Masp.
1814. Moore, R. E.; Cheuk, C.; and Patterson, G. M. L. (1984). Hapalindoles: new alkaloids from
the blue-green alga Hapalosiphon fontinalis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106:6456-6457. Keywords:
cyanotoxin/ Hapalosiphon/ haplindoles/ alkaloids.
1815. Moore, R. E.; Cheuk, C.; Yang, X-Q. G.; Patterson, G. M. L.; Bonjouklian, R.; Smitka, T. A.;
Mynderse, J. S.; Foster, R. S.; Jones, N. D.; Swartzendruber, J. K.; and Deeter, J. B. (1987).
Hapalindoles, antibacterial and antimycotic alkaloids from the cyanophyte Hapalosiphon
fontinalis. J. Org. Chem. 52(6):1036-1043. Keywords: cyano/ toxin/ marine/ products/
anticancer/ antibacterial/ Hapalosiphon/ hapalindoles/ antibacterial/ antimycotic/ alkaloids.
1816. Moore, R. E.; Corbett, T. H.; Patterson, G. M. L.; and Valeriote, F. A. (1996). The search for
new antitumor drugs from blue-green algae. Curr. Pharmaceut. Design 2(3):317-330.
Keywords: search/ antitumor drugs/ blue-green algae.
1817. Moore, R. E. and Entzeroth, M. (1988). Majusculamide D and deoxymajusculamide D, two
cytotoxins from Lyngbya majuscula. Phytochem. 27(10):3101-3103. Keywords: cyanotoxin/
marine/ Lyngbya/ cytotoxin/ antifungal/ HPLC.
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1818. Moore, R. E.; Ohtani, I.; Moore, B. S.; Koning, C. B. de; Yoshida, W. Y.; Runnegar, M. T.; and
Carmichael, W. W. (1993). Cyanobacterial toxins. Gazz. Chim. Ital. 123(6):329-336.
Keywords: cyanotoxins/ cyanobacterial.
1819. Moore, R. E.; Patterson, G. M. L.; and Carmichael, W. W. (1988). New pharmaceuticals from
cultured blue-green algae. In: D. G. Fautin (ed.) Biomedical Importance of Marine Organisms.
California Academy of Sciences: San Francisco, Vol. 13, pp. 143-150. Keywords: cyanotoxin/
pharmaceuticals/ marine/ products.
1820. Moore, R. E.; Patterson, G. M. L.; Entzeroth, M.; Morimoto, H.; Suganuma, M.; Hakii, H.;
Fujiki, H.; and Sugimura, T. (1986). Binding studies of [3H]lyngbyatoxin A and
[3H]debromoaplysiatoxin to the phorbol ester receptor in a mouse epidermal particulate fraction.
Carcinogenesis 7(4):641-644. Keywords: cyano/ toxin/ Lyngbya/ lyngbyatoxin/ aplysiatoxin.
1821. Moore, R. E.; Patterson, G. M. L.; Mynderse, J. S.; Barchi Jr., J. J.; Norton, T. R; Furusawa, E.;
and Furusawa, S. (1986). Toxins from cyanophytes belonging to the Scytonemataceae. Pure
Appl. Chem. 58(2):263-271. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Scytonema/ cytotoxins.
1822. Moore, R. E.; Yang, X-Q. G.; and Patterson, G. M. L. (1987). Fontonamide and
anyhdrohapaloxindole A, two new alkaloids from the blue-green alga Hapalosiphon fontinalis.
J. Org. Chem. 52:3733-3777. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Hapalosiphon/ fontonamide/
anyhdrohapaloxindole/ antifungal/ NMR.
1823. Moorhead, G.; MacKintosh, C.; Morrice, N.; and Cohen, P. (1995). Purification of the hepatic
glycogen-associated form of protein phosphatase 1 by microcystin-sepharose affinity
chromatography. FEBS Lett. 362(2):101-105. Keywords: purification/ protein phosphatase 1/
chromatography.
1824. Moorhead, G.; MacKintosh, R. W.; Morrice, N.; Gallagher, T.; and MacKintosh, C. (1994).
Purification of type-1 protein (serine/threonine) phosphatases by microcystin-sepharose affinitychromatography. FEBS Lett. 356(1):46-50. Keywords: purification/ phosphatases/
microcystin-sepharose affinity-chromatography.
1825. Mori, T.; Gustafson, K. R.; Pannell, L. K.; Shoemaker, R. H.; Wu, L.; McMahon, J. B.; and
Boyd, M. R. (1998). Recombinant production of cyanovirin-N, a potent human
immunodeficiency virus-inactivating protein derived from a cultured cyanobacterium. Protein
Expres. Pur. 12(2):151-158. Keywords: production/ cyanovirin-N/ human immunodeficiency
virus.
1826. Mori, Y.; Kohchi, Y.; Noguchi, H.; Suzuki, M.; Carmeli, S.; Moore, R. E.; and Patterson, G. M.
L. (1991). Isotactic polymethoxy-1-aldenes from the terrestrial blue-green alga Scytonema
ocellatum: structure and synthesis. Tetrahed. 47(27):4889-4904. Keywords: Scytonema
ocellatum/ cytotoxins.
1827. Mori, Y.; Kohchi, Y.; Suzuki, M.; Carmeli, S.; Moore, R. E.; and Patterson, G. M. L. (1991).
Isotactic polymethoxy-1-alkenes from blue-green algae: synthesis and absolute stereochemistry.
J. Org. Chem. 56(2):631-637. Keywords: synthesis/ stereochemistry/ cytotoxins.
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1828. Mosulishvili, L. M.; Kirkesali, E. I.; Belokobylsky, A. I.; Khizanishvili, A. I.; Frontasyeva, M.
V.; Pavlov, S. S.; and Gundorina, S. F. (2002). Experimental substantiation of the possibility of
developing selenium- and iodine-containing pharmaceuticals based on blue-green algae
Spirulina platensis. J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. Anal. 30(1):87-97. Keywords: blue-green algae/
Spirulina platensis/ selenium/ iodine/ neutron activation analysis.
1829. Mouchet, P. and Bonnélye, V. (1998). Solving algae problems: French expertise and worldwide applications. J. Water Supply Res. Technol.–Aqua 47(3):125-141. Keywords: algae
problems/ French.
1830. Muir, J. C.; Pattenden, G.; and Ye, T. (1998). A concise total synthesis of (+)-curacin A, a
novel cyclopropyl substituted thiazoline from the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula.
Tetrahed. Lett. 39(18):2861-2864. Keywords: synthesis/ curacin A/ Lyngbya majuscula.
1831. Muir, J. C.; Pattenden, G.; and Ye, T. (2002). Total synthesis of (+)-curacin A, a novel
antimitotic metabolite from a cyanobacterium. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 2002(20):22432250. Keywords: ascidian lissoclinum-patella/ alpha-amino aldehydes/ curacin A/ Lyngbya
majuscula/ thioacylating agents/ natural product/ enantioselective synthesis/ absolute
configuration/ organoboron compounds/ secondary alcohols.
1832. Muittari, A.; Kuusisto, P.; Virtanen, P.; Sovijarvi, A.; Gronroos, P.; Harmoinen, A.; Antila, P.;
and Kellomaki, L. (1980). An epidemic of extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by tap water.
Clin. Allergy 10:77-90. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ allergic. (Finnish)
1833. Muittari, A.; Rylander, R.; and Salkinoja-Salonen, M. (1980). Endotoxin and bathwater fever.
Lancet II:C89. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ endotoxin/ bathwater fever.
1834. Mulé, M. C. Z. de; Caire, G. Z. de; and Cano, M. M. S. de. (1996). Bioactive substances from
Spirulina platensis (cyanobacteria). Phyton–Int. J. Exp. Bot. 58(1-2):93-96. Keywords:
bioactive substances/ Spirulina platensis .
1835. Mulé, M. C. Z. de; Caire, G. Z. de; Cano, M. M. S. de; and Halperín, D. R. de. (1991).
Bioactive compounds from Nostoc muscorum (cyanobacteria). Cytobios 66:169-172.
Keywords: bioactive compounds/ Nostoc muscorum/ cyanobacteria.
1836. Mulhearn, C. J. (1959). Beware algae! They can poison livestock. J. Agric. S. Aust.
62(9):406-408. Keywords: cyanotoxin/ livestock poisoning.
1837. Mulholland, M. R. and Capone, D. G. (2000). The nitrogen physiology of the marine N-2fixing cyanobacteria Trichodesmium spp. Trends Plant Sci. 5(4):148-153. Keywords:
Trichodesmium/ north Atlantic Ocean/ dissolved organic nitrogen/ nonheterocystous
cyanobacterium/ diazotrophiccyanobacteria/ glutamine synthetase/ natural populations/ Pacific
Ocean/ Anabaena cylindrica/ circadian rhythm/ gene expression.
1838. Mullor, J. B. (1945). Toxic algae (Algas toxicas). Rev. Sanid., Asist. Social Trabajo 1:95.
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1839. Mullor, J.B. and Wachs, A.M. (1950). Algas toxicas. In: 1948 Reports of the South American
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1840. Mullor, J. B. and Wachs, A. M. (1948). Some characteristics of toxic alga Anabaena venenosa
(Algunas caracteristicas del alga toxica Anabaena venenosa). In: Contreso Sudamericano
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1841. Mundt, S.; Effmert, U.; Granitzka, V.; Novotny, A.; and Teuscher, E. (1991).
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alpha-dimorphecolic acid/ agar plate diffusion test/ antibacterial activity/ coriolic acid/
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1843. Mundt, S. and Teuscher, E. (1988). Blue algae as a source of pharmacologically active
compounds (Blaualgen als quelle pharmakologish aktiver verbindurgen). Pharmazie
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1844. Mundt, S. and Teuscher, E. (1987). Cyanobacteria, a source of pharmacological-active
compounds. Pharmazie 42(3):218. Keywords: cyanotoxins/ pharmaceutical/ cytotoxins.
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1845. Murakami, M.; Ishida, K.; Okino, T.; Okita, Y.; Matsuda, H.; and Yamaguchi, K. (1995).
Aeruginosins 98 A and B, trypsin inhibitors from the blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa
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1846. Murakami, M.; Kodani, S.; Ishida, K.; Matsuda, H.; and Yamaguchi, K. (1997). Micropeptin
103, a chymotrypsin inhibitor from the cyanobactrium Microcystis viridis (NIES-103).
Tetrahed. Lett. 38(17):3035-3038. Keywords: cytotoxins/ micropeptin/ Microcystis viridis.
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1848. Murakami, M.; Okita, Y.; Matsuda, H.; Okino, T.; and Yamaguchi, K. (1994). Aeruginosin
298 A, a thrombin and trypsin inhibitor from the blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa (NIES
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1849. Murakami, M.; Shin, H. J.; Matsuda, H.; Ishida, K.; and Yamaguchi, K. (1997). A cyclic
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Microviridins, elastase inhibitors from the cyanobacterium Nostoc minutum (NIES-26).
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potent carboxypeptidase-A inhibitors from the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. J.
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1852. Murakami, N.; Imamura, H.; Sakakibara, J.; and Yamada, N. (1990). Seven new
monogalactosyl diacylglycerols isolated from the axenic cyanobacterium Phormidium tenue.
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tenue / galactolipid/ monogalactosyl diacylglycerol/ enzymatic hydrolysis/ lipase/ lysis.
1853. Murakami, N.; Morimoto, T.; Imamura, H.; Ueda, T.; Nagai, S.; Sakakibara, J.; and Yamada, N.
(1991). Studies on glycolipids. III. Glyceroclycolipids from an axenically cultured
cyanobacterium, Phormidium tenue. Chem. Pharmaceut. Bull. 39(9):2277-2281. Keywords:
glyceroclycolipids/ Phormidium tenue/ glycolipids.
1854. Murakami, N.; Shirahashi, H.; Sakakibara, J.; and Tsuchida, Y. (1992). A novel
glyceroglycolipid from the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae f. flos-aquae.
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High-performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescence detection of derivatized
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metabolite cylindrospermopsin. Chem. Soc. Rev. 30(5):303-312. Keywords: cyanobacterial
alkaloid cylindrospermopsin/ cultured rat hepatocytes/ Lake Kinneret/ hepatotoxin/
cylindrospermopsin/ Aphanizomenon ovalisporum/ enantioselective synthesis/ Umezakia natans
raciborskii/ toxicity/ toxins.
1857. Murphy, R. C. and Stevens Jr., S. E. (1995). Development of a cyanobacterial biolarvicide.
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water/ cyanobacteria/ sulfate/ eutrophication/ groundwater.
1859. Murphy, T.; Lawson, A.; Nalewajko, C.; Murkin, H.; Ross, L.; Oguma, K.; and McIntyre, T.
(2000). Algal toxins — initiators of avian botulism? Environ. Toxicol. 15(5):558-567.
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(2003). New microcystin concerns in the lower Great Lakes. Water Quality Res. J. Canada
38(1):127-140. Keywords: microcystin/ Microcystis/ botulism/ algal toxins/ blue-green algae/
Danio rerio/ Oscillatoria agardhii/ cyanobacteria/ LR/ water/ decomposition/ accumulation/
aeruginosa/ zebrafish/ Hamilton Harbour, Ontario.
1861. Murphy, T. P.; Lean, D. R. S.; and Nalewajko, C. (1976). Blue-green algae: their excretion of
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1862. Murthy, J. R. and Capindale, J. B. (1970). A new isolation and structure for the endotoxin from
Microcystis aeruginosa NRC-1. Can. J. Biochem. 48(4):508-510. Keywords: cyanotoxin/
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1863. Murthy, J. R.; Crompton, C. M.; Hainey, S.; Codd, G. A.; and Hutchison, C. J. (1995). The role
of protein phosphorylation in the assembly of a replication competent nucleus: investigations in
Xenopus egg extracts using the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR. J. Cell Sci. 108:235-244.
Keywords: role/ protein phosphorylation/ microcystin-LR/ DNA replication/ nuclear assembly.
1864. Mynderse, J. S. and Hunt, A. H. (1988). 57-normajusculamide C, a minor cyclic depsipeptide
isolated from Lyngbya majuscula. J. Natural Products 51(6):1299-1301. Keywords:
cyanotoxin/ marine/ Lyngbya majuscula/ antifungal/ NMR.
1865. Mynderse, J. S. and Moore, R. E. (1978). Toxins from blue-green algae: structures of
oscillatoxin A and three related bromine-containing toxins. J. Org. Chem. 43:2301-2303.
Keywords: cyanotoxin/ oscillatoxin/ structure.
1866. Mynderse, J. S.; Moore, R. E.; Kashiwagi, M.; and Norton, T. R. (1977). Antileukemia activity
in the Oscillatoriaceae: isolation of debromoaplysiatoxin from Lyngbya. Science 196:538-540.
Keywords: cyanotoxin/ Lyngbya/ oscillatoxin/ aplysiatoxin/ antileukemia/ anticancer.
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