List of Abbreviations
ABL
AGCM
AIMR
AIR
AIRI
AIRS
AMIP
AMTEX
AO
APCN
APEC
ARMEX
ARPS
ASCII
ASR
AUS
BATS
BMRC
BOB
BOBMEX
CAPE
CCA
CCCMA
CCM
CCSR
CEOF
CGCM
CHI
CI
CID
CISK
CISO
CLIVAR
CMAP
CMIP
CNRM
CO2
COLA
COARE
COADS
C-POL
CRIEPI
CRU
CSEs
CSIRO
CSM
CTRL
CZ
Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Atmospheric General Circulation Model
All-India Monsoon Rainfall
All India Rainfall
All Indian Rainfall Index
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder
Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project
Air Mass Transformation Experiment
Arctic Oscillation
APCE Climate Network
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiment
Advanced Regional Prediction System
Air-sea Convective Intraseasonal Interaction
Absorbed Solar Radiation
Northern Australian region
Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme
Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre
the Bay of Bengal
Bay of Bengal Monsoon Experiment
Convective Available Potential Energy
Canonical Correlation Analysis
Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis
Climate Community Model
Center for Climate System Research
Complex Empirical Orthogonal Function
Coupled General Circulation Model
Southern China and East China Sea region
Convection Index
Convective Interaction with Dynamics
Conditional Instability of the Second Kind
Climatological ISO
Climate Variability and Predictability Programme
Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation
Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques
Carbon Dioxide
Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies
Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment
Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set
C-Band Polarimetric Radar
Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
Climatic Research Unit
Continental-Scale Experiments
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization
Climate System Model
Control experiment
Cane-Zebiak model
DEMETER
DERFs
DJF
DO
DOE
DTEP
EAM
EASM
EAWM
ECMWF
ENSO
EOF
EQIO
EQUINOO
ERBE
FGGE
FRCGC
FSU
FSULAM
FTT
GAME
GARP
GATE
GCM
GDP
GEWEX
GFDL
GHG
GISP2
GISS
GLA
GLACE
GMS
GOALS
GOOS
GPCP
HadAM3
HFP
HMR
HUBEX
HyARC
HYCOM
IAV
IIOE
IMD
IND
INDOEX
INSAT
IO
Development of a European Multimodel Ensemble system for seasonal
to inTERannual prediction
Dynamical Extended Range Forecasts
December-January-February
Dansgaard-Oeschger
Department of Energy
Deep Eastern/Central Equatorial Pacific
East Asian Monsoon
East Asian Summer Monsoon
East Asian winter monsoon
European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts
El Niño/Southern Oscillation
Empirical Orthogonal Function
Equatorial Indian Ocean
Equatorial Indian Ocean Oscillation
Earth Radiation Budget Experiment
First GARP Global Experiment
Frontier Research Center for Global Change
Florida State University
Florida State University Limited Area Model
Fourier Transform
GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment
Global Atmospheric Research Program
GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment
General Circulation Model
Gross Domestic Product
Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
Greenhouse Gas
Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2
Goddard Institute for Space Studies
Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres
Global Land Atmosphere Coupling Experiment
Geostationary Meteorological Satellite
Global-Ocean-Atmosphere-Land-System
Global Ocean Observing System
Global Precipitation Climatology Project
Hadley Centre Atmospheric Model version 3
Historical Forecast Project
Homogeneous region Monsoon Rainfall
GAME-Huaihe Basin Experiment
Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center
HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model
Interannual variability
International Indian Ocean Expedition
India Meteorological Department
India/Arabian Sea region
Indian Ocean Experiment
Indian National Satellite
Indian Ocean
IOD
IOP
IOZM
IPCC
IR
ISBA
ISM
ISMR
ISO
ISV
ITCZ
JAMSTEC
JASMINE
JJA
JJAS
JMA
KMA
Kyr
LAI
L-AI
LBC
LF
LH
LIM
LLJ
LPS
LPSD
LS
LSM
LST
LSS
LT
Ma
MAM
MCC
MCS
MCV
MEM
MH
MIS
MISO
MISR
MJJA
MJO
MLD
MLM
MME
MM5
MODIS
MONEX
Indian Ocean Dipole
Indian Ocean Panel
Indian Ocean Zonal Mode
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Infrared
Interactions Soil-Biosphere-Atmosphere
Indian Summer Monsoon
Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall
Intraseasonal Oscillation
Intraseasonal Variability
Intertropical Convergence Zone
Japan Marine Science and Techonology Center
Joint Air-Sea Monsoon Interaction Experiment
June-July-August
June-July-August-September
Japan Meteorological Agency
Korea Meteorological Agency
Thousand Years
Leaf Area Index
Land-Atmosphere Interaction
Lower Boundary Condition
Low Frequency
Latent Heat
Linear Inverse Model
Low Level Jet
Low Pressure Systems
Low Pass Standard Deviation
Leading-stratiform
Land Surface Model
Local Solar Time
Land Surface Schemes
Local Time
Mega-Annum
March-April-May
Mesoscale Convective Complex
Mesoscale Convective Systems
Mesoscale Convective Vortex
Maximum Entropy Method
Monsoon Hadley
Marine Isotopic Stage
Monsoon ISO
Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer
May-June-July-August
Madden-Julian Oscillation
Mixed Layer Depth
Mixed Layer Model
Multi Model Ensemble
The Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
Summer Monsoon Experiment
MONTBLEX Monsoon Trough Boundary Layer Experiment
MPI
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology
MSU
Microwave Sounding Unit
MRI
Meteorological Research Institute
MRF
Medium Range Forecast
MT
Monsoon Trough
MTC
Mid-tropospheric Cyclone
Myr
Million Years
NAO
North Atlantic Oscillation
NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NCAR
National Center for Atmospheric Research
NCEP
National Centers for Environmental Prediction
NCMRWF
National Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting
NCSU
North Carolina State University
NDJF
November-December-January-February
NH
Northern Hemisphere
NHET
Northern Hemisphere Near-Equatorial Trough
NINO3.4
5ºS-5ºN, 170º-120ºW
NIES
National Institute for Environmental Studies
NMC
National Meteorological Center
NOAA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NRC
National Research Council
NRL
Naval Research Laboratory
NWP
Numerical Weather Prediction
OAI
Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction
OLR
Outgoing Longwave Radiation
OSSE
Observing System Simulation Experiments
OSU
Oregon State University
PBL
Planetary Boundary Layer
PC
Principal Component
PDS
point wise downscaling
PENR
Penninsular Indian Rainfall
PHI
Philippine Sea region
PILPS
Project for Intercomparison of Land Surface Parameterization Schemes
POP
Principal Oscillation Pattern
PR
Precipitation Radar
PS
Parallel-stratiform
PSAC
Philippine Sea Anticyclone
PSU
Penn State University
PV
Potential Vorticity
PW
Peda Watt (1015 W)
PWC
Precipitable Water Content
QBM
Quasi Biweekly Mode
QBO
Quasi-Biennial Oscillation
QuikSCAT Quick Scatterometer
QXPMEX
the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Meteorology Experiment
RAM
Regional Atmospheric Model
RegCM
Regional Climate Model
RHC
Reverse Hadley Circulation
SACZ
South Atlantic Convergence Zone
SAH
SAM
SAS
SCS
SCSMEX
SEAM
SECHIBA
SH
SHAP
SiB
SLP
SMH
SMIP
SMP
SNU
SOI
SON
SPCZ
SRES
SSA
SSH
SSiB
SSM/I
SST
SVD
TAMEX
TAO
TBO
TCZ
TEJ
TKE
TMI
TOA
TOGA
TOPEX
TRMM
TS
TSI
UK
UKMO
USA
USSR
UTC
U200
VP200
WCR
WCRP
WEB
WGSIP
South Asian High
South Asian Monsoon
Simplified Arakawa-Schubert Scheme
South China Sea
South China Sea Monsoon Experiment
Southeast Asian Monsoon
Schématisation des Echanges Hydriques à l' Interface entre la
Biosphère et l'Atmosphère
Southern Hemisphere
Sensible Heat driven Air-Pump
Simple Biosphere
Sea Level Pressure
Siberian-Mongolian High
Seasonal Prediction Model Intercomparison
Sumatra and Malay Peninsula
Seoul National University
Southern Oscillation Index
September-October-November
South Pacific Convergence Zone
Special Report on Emission Scenarios
Singular Spectrum Analysis
Sea Surface Height
Simplified SiB
Special Sensor Microwave Imager
Sea Surface Temperature
Singular Value Decomposition
Taiwan Area Mesoscale Experiment
Tropical Atmosphere Ocean
Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation
Tropical Convergence Zone
Tropical Jet Stream
Turbulent Kinetic Energy
TRMM Microwave Imager
Top-Of-Atmosphere
Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere
TOPography EXperiment for Ocean Circulation
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
Trailing-stratiform
Total Solar Irradiance
United Kingdom
United Kingdom Meteorological Office
United States of America
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Universal Coordinated Time
200-mb zonal wind
Velocity Potential at 200 hPa
West-Central Indian Rainfall
World Climate Research Programme
Westerlies and Easterlies Boundary
CLIVAR Working Group on Seasonal to Interannual Prediction
WISHE
WMO
WMONEX
WNP
WNPSM
WOCE
WWW
4DDA
Wind-Induced Surface Heat Exchange
World Meteorological Organization
Winter MONEX
Western North Pacific
Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon
World Ocean Circulation Experiment
World Weather Watch
Four-Dimensional Data Assimilation