Supplementary table 1. Taxonomy, classification and biostratigraphic data of Cambrian polymerid
trilobites capable of complete enrolment. Modified and expanded from Esteve et al. (2011). Asterisk indicates
hypothetical reconstruction of complete enrolment based on observable functional morphology.
Chronostratigraphic data based on Babcock and Peng (2007) and International Chronostratigraphic Chart 2012.
Global units highlighted in bold; Laurentian units highlighted in italics.
Taxon
Higher classification
Age
Reference
Bynumina lirae
Cliffia lataegenae
Cliffia wilsoni
Drabia acroccipita
Elyaspis missouriensis
Sulcocephalus
candidus
Stenopilus pronus
Ptychopariida / Kingstoniidae
Uncertain
Uncertain
Uncertain
Uncertain
Ptychopariida / Elviniidae
upper Cambrian
upper Cambrian
upper Cambrian
upper Cambrian
upper Cambrian
upper Cambrian
Stitt 1983; figs 3a-h
Stitt 1983; figs 2h-k
Stitt 1983; figs 2l-u
Stitt 1983; fig. 2v
Stitt 1983; figs 3i-m
Stitt 1983; figs 2a-f
Asaphida / Plethopeltidae
Leiocoryphe gemma*
Asaphida / Plethopeltidae
upper Cambrian
(upper Sunwaptan)
upper Cambrian
Plethopeltis armata
Asaphida / Plethopeltidae
upper Cambrian
Diceratocephalus
cornutus
Bolaspidella housensis
Ptychopariida /
Diceratocephalidae
Ptychopariida / Bolaspidae
late middle Cambrian
(Marjuman)
middle Cambrian
(Marjuman)
middle Cambrian
(Drumian)
middle Cambrian
(Drumian)
middle Cambrian
(Drumian)
middle Cambrian
(Drumian)
middle Cambrian
(Drumian)
middle Cambrian
(Drumian)
middle Cambrian
(Drumian)
middle Cambrian
(Drumian)
middle Cambrian
(Drumian)
middle Cambrian
(Drumian)
middle Cambrian
(Drumian)
middle Cambrian
(Stage 5 – Drumian)
middle Cambrian
(Stage 5 – Drumian)
middle Cambrian
(Stage 5 – Drumian)
middle Cambrian
(Stage 5)
middle Cambrian
(Stage 5)
Whittington 2005;
fig. 2
Whittington 2003;
fig. 4
Whittington 2003;
figs 1.3, 1.5, 1.6
Park and Choi 2010;
figs 7O, P
Robison 1964;
plate 89, fig. 8
Westergård 1936
Solenopleura
Ptychopariida / Solenopleuridae
Eccaparadoxides
pradoanus
Eccaparadoxides cf.
brachyrachis +
Paradoxides gracilis
Redlichiida / Redlichiina /
Paradoxididae
Redlichiida / Redlichiina /
Paradoxididae
Redlichiida / Redlichiina /
Bathynotidae
Ptychopariida / Alokistocaridae
Schopfaspis? graciai
Pardailhania cf.
hispida
Solenopleuropsis sp.
Ptychopariida / Solenopleuridae
Solenopleuropsis
thorali
Conocoryphe heberti
Ptychopariida / Solenopleuridae
Agraulos
longicephalus
Ctenocephalus
antiquus
Hydrocephalus carens
Ptychopariida / Solenopleuridae
Ptychopariida / Conocoryphidae
Ptychopariida / Agraulidae
Ptychopariida / Conocoryphidae
Conocoryphe
Redlichiida / Redlichiina /
Paradoxididae
Ptychopariida / Conocoryphidae
Sao
Ptychopariida / Solenopleuridae
Bathynotus holopygus*
Redlichiida / Redlichiina /
Bathynotidae
Ptychopariida / Solenopleuridae
Parasolenopleura
gregaria
Esteve et al. 2011;
fig. 1f
Becq-giraudon and
Baillat 2005; fig. 1
Pompejick 1896; see also
Šnajdr 1957
Esteve et al. 2012;
fig. 3k
Esteve et al. 2010;
fig. 7
Esteve et al. 2010;
figs 3, 4, 8, 10
Esteve et al. 2010;
fig. 9a
Esteve et al. 2011;
fig. 1e
Esteve 2013;
fig. 5
Esteve 2013;
Figs 3a, b
Barrande 1852; see also
Šnajdr 1957
Barrande 1852
Barrande 1852
Shergold and
Whittington 2000; fig. 3
Fletcher 2005;
plate 2, fig. 16
1
1
Supplementary table 1. Continued.
Taxon
Ellipshocephalus
hoffi*
Kymataspis arenosa*
Termiella latifrons*
Higher classification
Age
Reference
Ptychopariida /
Ellipsocephalidae
Ptychopariida /
Ellipsocephalidae
Ptychopariida /
Ellipsocephalidae
late lower Cambrian
(Stage 4)
late lower Cambrian
(Stage 4)
late lower Cambrian
(Stage 4)
Geyer 1990;
plate 14, fig. 1
Geyer 1990;
plate 37, fig. 1
Geyer 1990;
plate 56, fig. 11
1
2
3
4
5
2
Strenuaeva inflata
Ptychopariida /
Ellipsocephalidae
Ptychopariida / Agraulidae
lower Cambrian
(Stage 4)
lower Cambrian
(upper Dyeran / Stage 4)
lower Cambrian
(upper Dyeran / Stage 4)
lower Cambrian
(Stage 4)
lower Cambrian
(Dyeran / Stage 4)
lower Cambrian
(upper Dyeran / Stage 4)
lower Cambrian
(upper Dyeran / Stage 4)
lower Cambrian
(upper Dyeran / Stage 4)
lower Cambrian
(lower Dyeran / Stage 4)
lower Cambrian
(lower Dyeran / Stage 4)
lower Cambrian
(lower Dyeran / Stage 4)
lower Cambrian
(Montezuman)
lower Cambrian
Cederström et al. 2011;
fig. 12
Crassifimbra walcotti
Palmer 1958;
plate 26, figs 13-15
Zacanthopsis palmeri
Corynexochida / Zacanthoididae
Hopkins and Webster
2009; figs 11.23-28
Redlichia forresti*
Redlichiida / Redlichiina /
McNamara 1986;
Redlichiidae
figs 3-5
Ellipsocephalus
Ptychopariida /
Orlowski 1985;
sanctacrucensis
Ellipsocephalidae
p. 238
Nephrolenellus
Redlichiida / Olenellina /
Webster 2007;
geniculatus
Olenellidae
fig. 14.6
Olenellus chiefensis
Redlichiida / Olenellina /
Palmer 1998;
Olenellidae
fig. 11.3
Olenellus gilberti
Redlichiida / Olenellina /
Palmer 1998;
Olenellidae
fig. 9.1
Mummaspis
Redlichiida / Olenellina /
this study;
?muralensis
Olenellidae
fig. 1a
Mummaspis occidens
Redlichiida / Olenellina /
this study;
Olenellidae
fig. 1b
Mummaspis
Redlichiida / Olenellina /
this study;
truncatooculatus*
Olenellidae
figs 1c,d
Fallotaspis sp.*
Redlichiida / Olenellina /
Bergström 1973;
Fallotaspididae
fig. 8b
Schmidtiellus sp.*
Redlichiida / Olenellina /
Bergström 1973;
Olenellidae
p. 16
+ Eccaparadoxides cf. brachyrachis (= Eccaparadoxides mediterraneus see Dies-Alvarez et al. 2010; =
Eccaparadoxides pradoanus in Esteve in press).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Supplementary figure 1. Complete enrolment (a, d-f) and ventral flexure (b, c) in Cambrian
redlichiine (a, b) and olenelline (c-f) trilobites. (a) MPZ 2012/750, complete enrolment in the
middle Cambrian (Drumian) paradoxidid Eccaparadoxides pradoanus in ventral view (see
also Esteve et al. 2011, 2013); (b) MPZ 2012/747, ventral flexure in Eccaparadoxides
pradoanus (see also Esteve et al. 2011, 2013) showing lateral overlap of the trunk pleurae
(arrowheads); (c) FMNH PE57944, the early Cambrian (upper Dyeran) olenellid
Nephrolenellus geniculatus in dorsal view (see also Webster 2007); (d) DMNH 16701a, the
early Cambrian (upper Dyeran) olenellid Olenellus gilberti part in ventral view (see also
Palmer 1998); (e) DMNH 16080 part, the early Cambrian (upper Dyeran) olenellid Olenellus
chiefensis in ventral view (see also Palmer 1998); (e) DMNH 16080 counterpart. Scale bars =
5 mm. Abbreviations: ahr, articulating half ring; tl, terrace lines. Institutional abbreviations:
MPZ, Museum of Palaeontology of Zaragoza (Zaragoza, Spain); DMNH, Denver Museum of
Nature and Science (Denver, USA); FMNH, Field Museum Chicago (Chicago, USA).
Photograph credit: (d-f), J. W. Hagadorn (DMNH); (c), M. Webster (University of Chicago).
19
20
References
3
1
2
3
4
Babcock LE, Peng S. 2007. Cambrian chronostratigraphy: current state and future plans.
Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 254, 62-66.
Barrande J. 1852. Sytéme Silurien du Centre de la Bohême, 1ere Partie, Crustacés, Trilobites.
1-935. Praha. Paris.
5
Becq-Giraudon JF, Baillat A. 2005. Eccaparadoxides (Trilobita) pouvaint s’enrouler. Un
6
exemple rare du Cambrian moyen de Coulouma, Montagne Noire (Hërault, France):
7
Bulletin de la Société Sciences Naturelle Ouest de la France 27, 153-156.
8
Bergström J. 1973. Organization, life and systematics of trilobites. Fossils & Strata 2, 1-69.
9
Cederström P, Ahlberg P, Nilsson CH, Ahlgren J, Eriksson ME. 2011. Moulting, ontogeny
10
and sexual dimorphism in the Cambrian pthychopariid trilobite Strenuaeva inflata
11
from the northern Swedish Caledonides. Palaeontology 54, 685-703. (doi:
12
10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.01021.x).
13
Dies-Álvarez ME, Rushton AW, Gozalo R, Pillola GL, Liñán E, Ahlberg P. 2010.
14
Paradoxides brachyrachis Linnarsson, 1883 versus Paradoxides mediterraneus
15
Pompeckj,
16
10.1080/11035897.2010.481363).
1901:
a
problematic
determination.
GFF
132,
95-104.
(doi:
17
Esteve J. 2013. Revisión del enrollamineto en los trilobites del Cámbrico español y su
18
implicación en la evolución de los trilobites. Estudios Geológicos (online), accepted
19
manuscript. (doi: 10.3989/egeol.41215.259).
20
Esteve, J. in press. Intraspecific variability in paradoxidid trilobites from the Purujosa trilobite
21
assemblage (middle Cambrian, northeast Spain). Acta Paleontologica Polonica. early
22
view online (doi: 10.4202/app.2012.0006).
23
Esteve J, Zamora S, Gozalo R. Liñán E. 2010. Sphaeroidal enrolment in middle Cambrian
24
solenopleuropsine
25
3931.2009.00205.x)
26
27
trilobites.
Lethaia
43,
478-493.
(doi:
10.1111/j.1502-
Esteve J, Hughes NC, Zamora S. 2011. Purujosa trilobite assemblage and the evolution of
trilobite enrollment. Geology 39, 575-578. (doi: 10.1130/G31985.1).
28
Esteve J, Sundberg FA, Zamora S, Gozalo R. 2012. A new Alokistocaridae Resser, 1939
29
(Trilobita) from the middle Cambrian of Spain. Geobios 45, 275-283. (doi:
30
10.1016/j.geobios.2011.10.003).
31
Esteve J, Hughes NC, Zamora S. 2013. Thoracic structure and enrolment style in middle
32
Cambrian Eccaparadoxides pradoanus presages caudalization of the derived trilobite
33
trunk. Palaeontology 56, 589-601. (doi: 10.1111/pala.12004).
4
1
Fletcher TP. 2005. Holaspid variation in the solenopleurid trilobite Parasolenopleura
2
gregaria (Billings, 1865) from the Cambrian of Newfoundland. Palaeontology 48,
3
1075-1089. (doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00494.x).
4
5
Geyer, G. 1990. Die marokkanischen Ellipsocephalidae (Trilobita: Redlichiida). Beringeria 3,
1-363.
6
Hopkins MJ, Webster M. 2009. Ontogeny and geographic variation of a new species of the
7
corynexochine trilobite Zacanthopsis (Dyeran, Cambrian). Journal of Paleontology
8
83, 524-547.
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
McNamara KJ. 1986. Techniques of exuviation in Australian species of the Cambrian trilobite
Redlichia. Alcheringa 10, 403-412.
Orlowski S. 1985. Lower Cambrian and its trilobites in the Holy Cross Mts. Acta Geologica
Polonica 35, 231-250.
Palmer AR. 1958. Morphology and ontogeny of a lower Cambrian ptychoparioid trilobite
from Nevada. Journal of Paleontology 32, 154-170.
Palmer AR. 1998. Terminal early Cambrian extinction of the Olenellina: documentation from
the Pioche Formation, Nevada. Journal of Paleontology 72, 650-672.
17
Park TY, Choi DK. 2010. Two middle Cambrian diceratocephalid trilobites, Cyclolorenzella
18
convexa and Diceratocephalus cornutus, from Korea: development and functional
19
morphology. Lethaia 43, 73-87. (doi: 10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00168.x).
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Pompejick JF. 1896. Die Fauna des Cambrium von Tejrovic und Skrej in Böhem: J. geol.
Reichsanstatl Vienne 45: 495-614.
Robison RA. 1964. Late middle Cambrian faunas from western Utah. Journal of
Paleontology 38, 510-566.
Shergold JH, Whittington HB. 2000. The Cambrian triloibte Bathynotus (?Redlichioidea) in
the Northern Territory, Australia. Alcheringa 24, 1-10.
Šnajdr M. 1957. O nových trilobitech zčeského kambria. Vӗstnik Ústředniho ústavu
geologického 32, 235–244.
Stitt JH. 1983. Enrolled late Cambrian trilobites from the Davis Formation, southeast
Missouri. Journal of Paleontology 57, 93-105.
Webster M. 2007. Ontogeny and evolution of the early Cambrian trilobite genus
Nephrolenellus (Olenelloidea). Journal of Paleontology 81, 1168-1193.
32
Westergård, AH. 1936. Paradoxides aeladicus beds of Öland with he account of diamond
33
boring through the Cambrian at Mossberga. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Ser.
34
C. 394, 1-66.
5
1
2
3
4
Whittington HB. 2003. The Upper Cambrian trilobites Plethopeltis and Leiocoryphe;
morphology, paedomorphism, classification. Journal of Paleontology 77, 698-705.
Whittington HB. 2005. The Upper Cambrian trilobite Stenopilus: morphology, mode of life.
Journal of Paleontology 79, 259-266.
5
6