GUIDELINES to Course Paper Writing
Bachelor Degree Programme
Vilnius, 2008
Reviewer:
Doc. dr. Gindra Kasnauskienė
Editor:
Danutė Rasimavičienė
Author:
Doc. dr. Neringa Minkevičienė
IBS at Vilnius University
Approved as applicable by
International Business BA Study Programme Committee
of IBS at Vilnius University
Table of contents
Introduction...............................................................................................3
1. Course paper objectives………………………………………….........4
2. Stages of accomplishment……………………………………………..5
Topic selection ......................................................................
5
Search for relevant sources..........................................................
5
Study of sources ........................................................................
6
Making a plan..............................................................................
6
Text development........................................................................
7
3. Course paper structure…………………………...……………............8
4. Course paper layout……………………………….……….................12
5. Course paper presentation…………………………………………. ..14
Appendices (layout samples)..................................................................15
2
Introduction
A course paper is an individual written assignment which exposes not only a
student‘s theoretical competence but also his skills to analyse a selected issue. The
papers are produced on the basis of relevant study programme with assistance of
lecturers on the subject – supervisors.
The aim of the GUIDELINES is to concisely outline the recommendations on course
paper writing, mandatory to BA students of IBS at Vilnius University.
The main goals of the manual are:
1) help students to comprehend the key requirements pertinent to a course paper;
2) identify course paper writing stages, a rational coherence between separate parts
of a paper, as well as essential requirements;
3) give advice on how to search for, study and analyse relevant literature and other
sources;
4) advise of the layout of the paper and that of its tables, pictures, as well as the
requirements for the bibliographical presentation of the used literature;
5) inform of the standard order of course paper assessment.
In the process of arranging the GUIDELINES to Course Paper Writing and
matching them to unified requirements recommended by Lithuanian and foreign
educational institutions, the author followed the recommendations issued by the Ministry of
Education and Science of the Republic of Lithuania and those approved by the Faculties of
Economics and Communication at Vilnius University. In the attempt to maintain the
continuity of the course paper writing requirements, ‘Baigiamųjų darbų rašymo metodiniai
nurodymai’ (author G.Kasnauskienė), which were approved by the International Business
BA and MBA Study Programme Committees of IBS at Vilnius University on April 28, 2008,
served as the basis.
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1. Course paper objectives
A course paper is an individual piece of written work which aims at the
development of a student’s scientific and analytical skills. A student is expected to be able
to:
 search for and select relevant subject literature;
 collect statistical data and analyse it;
 raise problems and find solutions to them by comparing viewpoints of different
authors;
 match theoretical knowledge to a practical case;
 present ideas clearly following the language culture requirements;
 present clear conclusions as a logical sequence of the work;
 construct the layout of the paper matching it to the requirements recommended in
the guidelines;
 present ideas, relevant to the subject, both in a written and spoken languages.
According to their category, course papers could be:
 descriptive or empirical;
 applied (of practical use).
I and II year BA programme students frequently present descriptive or
synoptic papers, in which with reference to the analysed literature and
supplementary data, they describe, evaluate the opinions of different authors
related to the subject in question and present an analytical overview of the changes
in economic phenomena or processes. A student is also expected to provide his
personal opinion on the problem under discussion.
Key requirements pertinent to a course paper:
 actual and authentic topic ;
 relevant and logical content;
 error-free and appropriate development of ideas;
 introduction reveals clearly formulated research aim and tasks;
 the body presents the solutions to the aimed goals specified in the introduction;
 the paper uses Lithuanian and foreign authors’ scientific work on the analysed
subject matter;
 evident register of referred literature and sources;
 conclusions provide answers to the questions raised in the introduction of the
paper;
 layout of the paper matches the requirements recommended in the guidelines;
.
III and IV year BA programme students should present the analysis the
problems of separate market subjects, i.e. it must be of practical nature. Definite issues of
marketing or management ought to be raised, tackled and evaluated, the forecast of the
case formulated, which means that a student makes an attempt to find the solution to the
problems in the selected topic. The paper is expected to demonstrate not only a student’s
ability to reveal the gained knowledge but also his proficiency to practically apply and
expand it. Apart from the requirements mentioned above the latter course papers should
also adhere to the following:
 the paper has to have theoretical and practical parts;
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the latter is logically linked to the former;
the concluding part of the paper contains not only conclusions but also
recommendations in reference to analysed data;
the work should have a more expanded list of references than that which might
be used in the course papers for I or II year.
2. Stages of accomplishment
2.1. Topic selection
The list of topics for an admissible course paper is arranged by the IBS lecturerscourse paper supervisors. A student has to select one of listed topics which he finds most
appropriate according to the following criteria:
 a student’s interest in either dealing with theoretical issues, solving practical
problems or analysing statistical information;
 previously accumulated information on some topic;
 access to relevant literature or other sources;
 the prospect to combine the course paper topic and a regular job activity (for
evening groups students).
On choosing the topic, a student is advised to keep the significance of continuity in his
mind. It is a good idea if a first year student submits a descriptive course paper and in the
course of subsequent studies expands the selected topic by making it more definite and
closer to the specificity of practical experience, providing solutions to different projects or
case study analyses. For instance, a topic on the theory of economics (the theory of
economics being the backbone of the related subjects), if reasonably selected, could
easily develop into and serve as the theoretical basis for a Bachelor or Master Degree final
thesis.
A student could also suggest the topic but if that is the case, he should provide sound
arguments and evident proof the paper will be independent, actual, and will match the
content of the subject and receive leave on the part of the supervisor. In the writing
process, the topic could be specified, i.e. the title of the paper can be changed.
2.2. Search for relevant sources
The majority of students being unacquainted with the object of research, the search
for relevant literature and supplementary sources should take several stages.
 The first stage implies the review of textbooks, encyclopaedias and reference
books. In view of fundamental literature, a student should make it clear for himself
what the essence of the paper and key categories are which will help to identify the
main tasks, the structure and scope of the paper. The review of fundamental
literature is the precondition for making the preliminary plan of the paper that will
subsequently result in a targeted search for professional literature.
 The second stage is devoted to the search of scientific literature which could be
done in several ways. The main questions of expected analysis known, the use of a
thematic catalogue could be handy at this stage. If the authors who are involved in
the analysis of the issue are known, an alphabetical catalogue could be used for the
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purpose. First of all, the studies of Lithuanian authors should be looked for, whose
academic works are published in such journals as Ekonomika (Economics),
Socialiniai mokslai (Social Sciences), Pinigų studijos (Studies of Money), Vadyba
(Management) and etc.
The third stage involves the analysis of the publications of foreign scientists. A wide
range of possibilities are provided by the Internet. This means could also be used to
order books from other countries. The latest publications of foreign authors could be
found by help of international data bases on the website of VU library data base
Prenumeruojamos duomenų bazes (Subscribed data bases).
The collection of data, necessary to substantiate the analysed questions. While
writing a course paper, subsidiary sources, i.e. collected data from companies or
organisations, statistical or financial reports are traditionally also used. The main
provider of the official statistics in Lithuania is the Department of Statistics (ref.:
www.stat.gov.lt). The data from EU countries is available in the data base of the
Eurostat (ref.: www.eupopa.eu.int/comm/eurostat/). III and IV year students are
advised to use primary sources for their papers, i.e. original data acquired by the
author in the way of a questionnaire. However, the collection of the primary data is
time consuming and costly, for this reason this method is most frequently applied in
Bachelor Degree Final Paper or in Master studies.
In the course of material collection for paper writing, students should avoid
journalistic literature as it is in most cases superficial and rarely presents an objective
evaluation of economic or business problems. Frequent theoretical and statistical
inaccuracies can also be found in the material presented on the Internet. The paper
should be backed by official and reliable statistical sources and scientific publications.
2.3. Study of sources
While reading the selected literature, notes should be taken, digital copies of the
material made, a source list inventoried, which will later be useful for the writing process.
At this stage a student ought to learn to read effectively so that he could identify the key
message of the problem, i.e. topic statements, main arguments, and be able to rephrase
them in his own language.
Some selected material might appear inapplicable to the paper therefore it will have to
be rejected. The abundance of the used material does not contribute to the quality of the
paper.
It is also impossible to precisely predict the size and scope of the literature but it will
surely depend on the expanse of the topic in question as well as on the number of
available publications.
2.4. Making a plan
Having finished the study process of the selected literature, the preliminary plan is
made which, after discussing it with the course paper supervisor, later usually undergoes a
number of modifications or alterations – new questions are added, some plan parts are
rejected. A well-thought and logical course paper plan helps to follow and be consistent,
avoid digressions to the analysis of meaningless points.
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The course paper plan should be made of:
 introduction;
 body/main chapters (from 3 to 5);
 conclusions and recommendations/suggestions;
 list of referred sources;
 appendices (if necessary).
Body chapters are usually divided into sections, the latter - into subsections. Such a
complex plan helps the student to maintain a more consistent structure of the paper.
Sections aim at more specified chapters, whereas subsections reveal more detailed
sections. For this reason section headings should not repeat the headings of chapters, nor
should those of subsections recur the headings of sections.
2.5. Text development
To write one draft of the paper is usually not enough. The first attempt is usually
improved, corrected and/or supplemented.
While writing a course paper the following requirements pertinent to a scientific piece
of writing should be kept to:
 students must not copy the text of another author – it has to be rephrased by
using students’ language. The main statements, however, can be cited, but
citations be brief and foot-noted;
 abstract statements, for instance, ‘somebody states…’, ‘some authors
consider…’, etc. are to be avoided. In all cases, the foot-notes should indicate the
authors, titles of books, and pages, which contain the used information;
 the theoretical part must reveal the differences on one or another issue on the
part of separate authors. A student is expected to present his personal opinion or
support one of the suggested views by giving arguments for his choice;
 the description of facts is insufficient for the purpose – comments on the reasons
of their origin and changes are a necessity;
 the applied statistical data are to illustrate theoretical statements. Subject to data
specifics and paper objectives, it is advised to present the statistical information
in the form of tables, charts or diagrams (pictures).
 if non-linear texts are taken from statistical reference books or journals, they
should also carry explanations and be foot-noted. The author’s contribution is
reflected by tables and made calculations, produced by the student on his own. If
such is a case, the foot-note should read like this: ‘The table is compiled by the
author with reference to …’;
 the quality and novelty of the paper increase if the paper contains logical
schemes, diagrams, and line-charts illustrating the analysed statistical
information, in case they were made by the student himself. They also have to be
commented on, (e.g. ‘the line-chart reveals the information that…) and show a
clear reference towards the author;
 only uniform abbreviations should be used in the paper. Approved and commonly
applied designations, e.g. Lt, ES (EU), AB (Ltd), do not require explanation but if
the paper repeatedly uses author-made, long or obvious titles, they can be
abbreviated. The very first usage of such a title should be clarified, its meaning
explained in brackets;
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the course paper has to be presented in a fluent language (Lithuanian for native
speakers; English for international groups), avoiding repetition, style and
grammar mistakes. If the publications of foreign authors are used, be aware of
the quality of their translation;
students should make sure of the absence of proof-reading mistakes.
In the course of paper writing, a student is expected to approach the supervisor if he
encounters any methodological or contextual problem or a query. The supervisor,
however:
 will not present to a student a ready made solution to the problem – he/she will
just give advice on finding the way to it;
 will approve or not the particularisation of the topic or plan of the paper;
 reads the first draft of the paper and renders comments;
 assesses the level of the final draft and gives recommendations on its
presentation.
Only the student personally is liable for the independence and reliability of the
study material analysis, the quality of calculations, layout, presented conclusions or
suggestions.
Dishonesty, plagiarism (using other people’s ideas without acknowledging them) or
deliberate distortion of factual information are absolutely incompatible with the paper
writing techniques. If such illegal practices are identified, the student is not allowed to give
the verbal paper presentation and they might even serve as the legal reasons for a student
to be expelled from the educational institution.
3. Course paper structure
The course paper should consist of the following parts:
 title page;
 table of contents;
 introduction;
 body (the main chapters of the paper);
 conclusions and recommendations;
 list of referred literature and other sources;
 appendices;
 summary (in a foreign language) (for III and IV year students). If the paper is written
in English, it should contain a summary in Lithuanian.
The scope of the paper depends on the number of authors. It is commonly written by 2
to 4 students. The scope ranges from 25 to 50 pages (appendices excluding).
Subject to the nature of the course paper, the supervisor is free to introduce some
specifications to the paper writing requirements.
The title page includes the official information of the academic institution, authors and
those of the final paper (cf. Appendix 1).
Though it is not numbered, the title page is the first page of a course paper. It should
contain the information as follows:
 full name of the academic institution;
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the author’s/authors’ name(s) (in an alphabetical order), the study form (day time,
evening or correspondence), study year and group number;
the title of the paper (in the language it was written);
the programme subject on which the paper is written;
the supervisor’s academic degree, pedagogical title, full name;
location (city) and date (year).
The table of contents, which normally reveals the structure of the paper, is
presented on the second page of the paper. Having been particularized, the plan that the
paper follows becomes its table of contents (cf. Appendix 2).
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The table of contents has to fulfil the following requirements:
include page numbers (in Arabic numerals), also indent every structural part;
sections, subsections should use an expanded number of the chapter (cf. Appendix
2);
the table of contents should also present the introductory page of every separate
chapter, section, subsection;
the headings of chapters, sections, subsections should match those in the paper;
there should be at least two sections in every chapter and the same number of
subsections in every section;
conclusions and recommendations, the list of referred literature and other sources,
as well as appendices are not numbered in the table of content;
section headings should not repeat the headings of chapters, nor should those of
subsections recur the headings of sections;
it will be considered inappropriate if any of the chapter or section headings
duplicated the title of the course paper.
Introduction is the vital part of the paper as it conjures up a positive image of the
reader. In the table of contents it does not need a separate heading.
The introduction should not exceed 1-2 pages.
Its content should be presented in such a way that, having read it, the reader would
have gained an overall picture and made a clear opinion of the whole paper. For this
reason, the structure of the paper and analysed problems being evident, students are
recommended to write it only when the whole piece of writing is accomplished. The
introduction should cover the following questions:
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motives that encouraged the selection of the course paper topic;
significance of the topic;
level of analysis of the topic in view of both theory and practice;
brief and clear description of the objectives the paper aims at, as well as a concise
overview of the chosen study object;
short explanation of the tasks that will aid the authors of the paper to the
achievement of objectives and the outline of main problems (no more than 3 or 5)
which will be tackled;
overview of the used literature and other sources;
description of the applied methods of analysis;
the problems which the authors encountered, the questions that should have been
attended to and the reasons why they failed to receive the authors’ attention.
9
As the course paper is produced by several students, the introduction should also
clearly indicate every student’s contribution to the total piece of writing.
The main part of the paper /body. In most cases the course paper contains two body
chapters – theoretical and analytical. III and IV year students could include the third one,
i.e. a methodical one.
A theoretical chapter should:
 present a review of the scientific literature pertinent to the topic under discussion.
Commonly known and generally accepted textbook statements should be avoided;
 reveal a range of opinions of separate authors on the discussed category or
phenomenon;
 clearly define the authors’ viewpoint about the analysed question or problem with
their evident and well-grounded arguments.
A methodical chapter, if it exists, should describe the process of data collection and
give proof to its reliability.
In this chapter:
 on the basis of the theoretical model the methodology of the analysed problem is
arranged;
 if primary information is used, methods and ways to its access are noted;
 if secondary information is used, its reliability and comprehensiveness should be
assessed.
If the paper does not contain an independent methodical chapter, such questions can
be discussed in a theoretical or analytical part.
An analytical part is a logical sequence of the first body parts. It reveals the analysis
of the problem in question; here also, on the basis of accumulated data, calculations are
made. This part should also indicate the author’s individual way of problem solving, cover
the hypotheses, raised in the theoretical part, proved, tasks, denoted in the introduction,
resolved.
Factual information takes the form of tables, diagrams and line-charts. I and II year
students usually base it on secondary information, i.e. the question is analysed by means
of official data of state institutions, for instance, the Department of Statistics, Lithuanian
Labour Exchange, or some company.
The writing process of the III or IV year paper necessitates the usage of primary
information which is gained by applying questionnaires, monitoring techniques and the
like. A qualitative primary data collection and its analysis demonstrate a much higher level
of a student’s professionalism and independence.
It is imperative that the chapter:
 maintained a logical link between a theoretical and practical part, as well as their
integration in view of the accomplishment of the goal set forth in the introduction.
The presented data should serve as an illustration of theoretical statements;
 the possessed data is to be presented in tables which follow an appropriate
statistical pattern and provide not only absolute but also relative sizes;
 to render phenomena dynamics some figures should also take the form of linecharts or diagrams;
 tables and pictures should be analysed, evaluated/commented (e.g. ‘the statistical
data presented in the table shows/ the picture demonstrates that…’), general
trends of the development clearly outlined;
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tables should not be oversized. If empirical information cannot be contained in
one page, it is advised to present it in appendices;
the paper should not be jammed with statistical data as its abundance could be a
hurdle for phenomenon assessment and even impede the analysis of the material;
it is imperative that the finalising part of every section and subsection contained a
concise evaluation of received results.
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Conclusions and recommendations. I and II year students commonly finish their
papers by presenting generalising conclusions, however, students of III and IV years are
expected not only to present conclusions, but also suggest certain recommendations.
Conclusions are a structural element of the paper in which the author/authors outline the
main results. Therefore they should:
 match the content of the paper. They should, in no case, hold the information
which the content lacks;
 reveal the way to objective and task completion, show clear indication onto
achieved results;
 should be brief, concisely tendered and never exceed 2-3 pages.
If recommendations are provided, these should be:
 of practical nature;
 the area of their application indicated.
Both conclusions and recommendations should feature a laconic language and could
be numbered. This paper part should also exclude tables or pictures.
List of referred literature and other sources. The paper normally finishes with the
list of literature and other sources (cf. Appendix 5), which contains only those cited or
referred to in the paper content. An appropriate list editing, following the standardised
requirements pertinent to a bibliographical pattern of a document, is of great significance.
There are different rules to comply with in this aspect, but students are advised to keep to
the standard requirements ISO 690 Information and documentation – Bibliographic
references – Content, form and structure, passed by the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO).
The suggestions for the structural form of the list of literature and other sources would
be:
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the bibliography should be arranged in alphabetical order. The publications are
listed according to the first initial of the authors’ family names, them missing –
the first letter of the title of the publication follows;
sources recorded in Latin letters should maintain the original script. In other
cases the publications are given at the end of the list in their original language in
their alphabetical order. It is most common of the publications issued in Cyrillic
language.
authors' surnames are given first (in capital letters), a comma is put and the full
name or initials of the researchers' first names then follow. The surnames of
authors are presented according to the title page of the original publication
separating them by a semicolon;
following the same rules the title, information of the place of publication,
publishing house, year of publication, the scope of publication are presented.
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If the publication has no author, the title is followed by the details of the editor;
the list should indicate the exact pages of the source the student used. Citations
being numerous, the list indicates all pages of the publication, the text foot-notes
then specify the exact page.
If an article is documented, first comes the author’s surname, followed by initials
and the title of the article, the publication title (in a different font), year of
publication, issue number and pages containing the article. The letter p goes
after the number in case it shows the total number of pages in the publication. In
foot-notes and if the cited pages are indicated, it should be used before the
number;
If Internet sources are referenced, the conventional order is: the surname,
initials of names, the title, reference date and the website address.
In case of a problem with the list of used literature and other sources, a student is
advised to consult the above mentioned Standards and/or Studijų darbų metodinius
nurodymus (Guidelines to Writing Research Papers) by Atkočiūnienė, Z; Grėbliauskienė B;
Janonis, O. published by Vilnius University Press, 2003.
Appendices. These contain the supplementary material which usually extends and
enriches the paper. Appendices commonly encompass:
 large-scale tables;
 advanced calculations;
 questionnaire samples;
 schemes of data processing;
 other visual aids which extend paper results.
Appendices should:
 come at the end of the paper;
 be discussed in the text and be foot-noted as to their location;
 be numbered according to their text sequence;
 be entitled.
Appendices do not come into the required size of the total paper volume.
Summary in a foreign language. It is imperative that III and IV year students should
produce a concise outline of the paper context and its key idea written in one of foreign
languages, i.e. English, German or French. A summary should come on a separate page
after conclusions and recommendations.
Its main points should show the following sequence:
 author’s name and surname;
 paper title (in capital letters);
 subject in which the paper is written;
 course paper supervisor;
 name of an academic institution;
 paper scope, i.e. number of pages, tables and pictures;
 short outline of the paper.
The summary should feature:
 objective of the course paper;
 elevated tasks;
 research methods applied in the process of writing;
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 gained results.
It is advised to manage fitting the summary onto one page (cf Appendix 3).
4. Course paper layout
The course paper has to be produced in the proper language, avoiding grammar and
style errors and should follow an appropriate layout:
 it is to be printed out on A4 format paper sheets;
 the final draft should be word processed using 12 pt shift with 1.5 line spacing;
 pages should be filed;
 page numbers should be given in the bottom right corner (neither dots nor dashes
are used). The title and contents pages are not numbered though are added to the
total number of paper pages. Therefore page 3 starts the numbering;
 a separate chapter, a contents page, conclusions, the list of used literature and
other sources are started on every new page, but the text of sections and
subsections could be presented as one continuation. It is also advised to identify
headings in different and more conspicuous fonts;
 it is not allowed to put the heading one page and continue its linier text on the next
one.
Tables and pictures, used in the course paper should also keep to the following
requirements:
 tables should be numbered either in the overall piece of writing (Table 1, Table 2,
and etc) or according to separate chapters (in large-scale studies). If for instance,
Chapter 2 contains three tables, then the third one should be specified as Table
2.3, the first number showing that of the chapter, the second – the number of the
material it illustrates. The number is placed in the right corner above its heading,
the latter being placed above the table in the centre of the page (cf Appendix 4).
 charts, diagrams, schemes, which the paper contains, are labelled as pictures;
 the headings of pictures are given after them. These could also be numbered
either in the total paper or in every individual chapter (cf Appendix 5);
 the heading of a table or a picture should reflect its essence;
 every table/picture should be followed by its source, the page should also be
indicated;
 if the table is made by the author of the course paper, it should denote the source
for its basis;
 tables and pictures should be discussed and analysed;
 never should the end of any paper part finish with a table or a picture as the latter
should always be followed by some textual information.
It is mandatory to foot-note not only tables or pictures but also the cited ideas of other
authors and presented figures. The aim of a foot-note is to identify the publication or a
document, the exact place the citation/figures was/were borrowed from. Due to the
standardised ISO requirements applicable in Lithuania, several ways of foot-note
itemization could be used but students are advised to choose one of these:
 a foot-note is presented at the bottom of a relevant page. If such is the case, the
citation is followed by a foot-note indication (which page foot-note it is). The cited
source, presented in the required bibliographic format, is given under the dash line
at the bottom of the page, supplemented by the page number from which the
information was take. If the page cites several sources, the numbering continues.
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In the text the citation or indication, which needs a foot-note, two numbers are given
in square brackets, e. g. [5, p.87]. The first number shows the source of information
on the list of literature and other sources, the other – the page number this
information was taken from. In case of several foot-notes, they have to be
separated by semicolons, for instance, [5, p. 87; 13, p. 113].
If the course paper uses formulae, they are also numbered. The number is put in
brackets on its right.
5. Course paper presentation
A student signs a completed paper and delivers it to the course paper supervisor by
the indicated date. Failing to present it in due time, the student receives an academic debt
which is to be eliminated as specified by general rules of the educational institution. If the
supervisor gives leave, the paper can be formally presented.
If the course paper is a collective piece of writing, every author is obliged to
individually render a formal presentation of his/her part, outline the main objectives and
analysed problems and give an argumentative explanation the course paper statements
on the day. Questions could be given and answers expected on any part of the paper,
even though it had been written by another student. It means that all authors should have
a perfect understanding of the overall volume of the course paper and the problems it
deals. In case one of the authors fails, the course paper receives a negative evaluation.
Paper assessment depends on:
 theoretical level of the paper;
 its practical significance;
 author’s personal contribution;
 novelty and abundance of used literature;
 appropriateness of language and style;
 observation of layout requirements;
 quality of a formal, verbal presentation.
The paper is assessed on a ten-point scale.
The presence of all authors of the course paper during its verbal presentation is
mandatory. Even if one of them missing, the verbal presentation is denied.
Appendix 1. The title page of the paper
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL
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at VILNIUS UNIVERSITY
JONAS JONAITIS, ONA ONAITYTĖ
________________________________________________________
(Students’ NAMES and SURNAMES in capital letters)
1BA6 students
_________________________________________________________
(group, specialty, year)
PASIŪLOS ŠOKAI IR JŲ POVEIKIS KAINOMS
_____________________________________________________________________
(PAPER TITLE in capital letters)
Makroekonomikos
Course paper on __________________________________
(subject)
Supervisor________________________
(supervisor’s academic degree,
pedagogical position, name, surname)
Submission date ________________________
Vilnius, 2008
Appendix 2. Sample of contents page
15
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………….. 3
1. CHAPTER HEADING………………………………….………………..5
1.1. Section heading …………………………………..…..…………..5
1.1.1. Subsection heading ……………………….…..……...……..5
1.1.2. Subsection heading ……………………… ………….…….9
1.1.3. Subsection heading ……………………… ………….…….x
1.2. Section heading ………………………… …..…….……………x
1.2.1. Subsection heading ………………………… ………………x
1.2.2. Subsection heading ……………………………… …………x
2.
CHAPTER HEADING …………………….…………………………….x
2.1. Section heading ……………………………………..……………..x
2.1.1. Subsection heading ……………………………… …………x
2.1.2. Subsection heading …………………… ……………………x
2.2. Section heading …………………………. ..….. ……………….x
CONCLUSIONS (AND RECOMMENDATIONS)………………………..…x
SUMMARY …………………………………….....………………...………….x
LIST OF LITERATURE AND OTHER SOURCES………………………….x
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………..……….x
Appendix 3. Sample summary
SUMMARY (presented in a foreign language)
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL
16
at VILNIUS UNIVERSITY
Bachelor Degree Programme
STUDENT PETRAS PETRAITIS
TITLE of BACHELOR STUDIES RESEARCH PAPER
Instructor - abbreviated form of academic degree and position, name, surname
Paper completed – year, location
Paper scope - ___ pages
Number of tables - _____.
Number of pictures - _____.
A concise outline of the paper:
objectives...
applied methods...
made analyses and gained results...
main conclusions
Appendix 3. Table format
Table 1. Growth of real GDP and inflation in different areas of the world
(changes per annum, in percentage)
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2005
2006
2007
2008*
Growth of GDP
World (total)
4,4
5,0
4,9
4,1
Euro zone
1,5
2,8
2,2
1,8
USA
3,1
2,9
2,2
1,5
Japan
1,9
2,4
1,9
1,5
Asian developing countries
9,0
9,6
9,6
8,6
Inflation (average annual change of consumer price index)
Euro zone
2,2
2,2
2,1
2,6
USA
3,4
3,2
2,9
2,3
–0,3
0,3
0,0
0,5
3,5
3,7
4,9
4,2
Japan
Asian developing countries
*Forecast
Sources : International Monetary Fund, Eurostat and the Bank of Lithuania. Cited according to: Report on the
implementation of key objectives, function execution of the Bank of Lithuania and the situation of banking system for
the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. March, 2008, p.7.
Appendix 4.
P
C
18
Format of tables, diagrams and schemes
B
A
PC
U
Picture 1. The current short-term Phillips curve
Source: Makroekonomika (Macroeconomics). Compiled by Skominas,V. Vilnius: Vilnius
University Publishing House, 2006, p. 178
Appendix 5. Samples of lists of bibliography
1) A book by 1 – 3 authors
BURDA, M.; WYPLOSZ, CH. Macroeconomics. Oxford University Press, 2002, 544 p.
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GYLYS, P. Ekonomika, antiekonomika ir globalizacija. Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto
leidykla, 2008, 443 p.
MAYER, T.; DUESENBERRY, J.; ALIBER , R. Pinigai, bankai ir ekonomika. Vilnius: Alma
littera, 1995, 639 p.
VARIAN, H.L. Intermediate Microeconomics: A modern Approach. W.W. Norton and
Company, 1996. 650 p.
2) A book by more than 3 authors (the first three authors are written, followed by et al.)
PRANULIS, V; PAJUODIS, A; URBONAVIČIUS,S.; et al. Marketingas. Vilnius:The Baltic
Press, 2000, 469 p.
3) A book by a corporate author (when the title page of the paper does not contain the
authors’ names)
Makroekonomika. Sudarė Skominas ,V. Vilnius: Vilniaus Universitetas, 2006, 279 p.
Makroekonomika. Moksliniai redaktoriai: Snieška, V.; Čiburienė, J. Kaunas: Technologija,
2003, 635 p.
Lietuvos statistikos metraštis = Lithuania's statistics yearbook: 2001. Vilnius: Metodinis
leidybinis centras, 2002. 317 p.
Pagrindiniai reklamos teisiniai aktai. Teisės aktų, paskelbtų iki 2001 m.sausio 31 d.
rinkinys. Vilnius: Teisės informacija. 129 p.
4) Articles in books and journals
KUODIS, R. Dėl narystės ekonominėje ir pinigų sąjungoje siekiančių šalių valiutos kurso
pasirinkimo strategijų . Pinigų studijos, 2003, Nr. 1, p. 5-22.
Finansų rinka. Lietuvos mikroekonomikos apžvalga. Vilniaus bankas, 2003, Nr.2, p.28-41.
5) Electronic sources
Čičinskas, J. Ūkio raida žada būti kitokia. [ žiūrėta 2008 m. spalio 21 d.]. Prieiga per
internetą< www.tspmi.vu.lt/lt/info/nuomones?id=301>.
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Šakalys, A. Transporto sektoriaus modernizavimas integruojantis į ES, Lietuvos
ekonomikos apžvalga 2003, Nr1 [CD-ROM]. Vilnius: Statistikos departamentas, Ūkio
ministerija, 2003.
Vertybinių popierių komisija. Įvairios investavimo priemonės ir jų rizika. [ žiūrėta 2008 m.
sausio 11 d.]. Prieiga per internetą:
<http://www.vpk.lt/svietimas/index.php?fuseactio=products.view&mid=14&cid=135&id=38> .
6) Unpublished information sources (equalled to manuscripts)
2007-2008 metų veiklos rezultatai. X įmonės Y skyrius, byla Nr.5. Vilnius: Įmonė X.
KALEDYTĖ, J. Globalizacijos finansų rinkose procesai ir jų padariniai Lietuvai: magistro
darbas. Vilnius: Vilniaus universitetas, Tarptautinio verslo mokykla. 2007, p 48.
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