KINE 4300 TEST #1 Review_Answers
1. What is the simplest measure of variability to calculate?
a) Range
2. With a mean of 27.1 and standard deviation of 3.9 the T scores for the raw scores 26 and 32 are
d) 47 and 63
3. Which of the following tests will carry the greatest weight if you simply add the total of the number of
correct times (items, mean, standard deviation)?
d) 200, 120, 40 (Because it has the highest standard deviation)
4. A distribution around a given mean and standard deviation that is mesokurtic with no skewness is said
to be
a) normal
5. A distribution that has many more high scores than low scores is
d) negatively skewed
6. Categorical measurement is
a) nominal
7. How can a standard z score be changed to a T score?
b) multiply by 10 and add 50
8. Which of the following represents the nominal scale of measurement?
d) all of the above
9. What is the T score associated with the 97.5th percentile?
c) 70
10. Kelly's T score was 60. What is her z score?
b) 1.0
11. What is the mean of a T score?
b) 50
12. Which pair of scores represents the same level of measurement?
d) distance and height
13. Which of the following does NOT belong with the other two?
c) percentile = 95
14. A pupil obtains a raw score of 82 on a test with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 12. What is
the corresponding T score?
b) 35
15. Ranking scores on a test from highest to lowest makes it easier to find which of the following
measures?
c) median and mode
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16. Given that the mean is 60, the standard deviation is 10, the variance is 100, and 121 people took the
test which person is most likely to have failed the test?
a) Raili, who had a z score of -1.8
17. What is the mean of a z score distribution?
a) 0
18. The ultimate goal of evaluation is to
c) make intelligent decisions
19. Why are standard scores so important?
c) They permit scores to be compared more appropriately.
20. For a 100-point test, the cutoff for an F is 60 points. With a mean of 74 and standard deviation of 10,
how many students out of 100 would receive an F?
c) 15 (the cutoff for an F is one standard deviation below the mean (Mean = 70, s=10; therefore
70-10 = 60); 15.87% of a normal curve falls below -1 standard deviation of the mean, so the
bests answer is c)15.
21. Which is an example of an evaluation?
d) recommending that Lucy do more sit-ups
22. Which of the following is not an operating system?
e) ROM
23. A researcher would likely be most interested in which purpose of measurement?
b) prediction
24. The major difference between formative and summative evaluation is
d) the use of the information
25. Norm-referenced comparisons involve comparisons between
c) people
26. With which type of measurement would you most likely encounter the word minimum?
e) criterion-referenced
27. Which of the following is not a computer peripheral?
a) operating system
28. The purpose of testing is to
d) all of the above
29. Which objective of physical education is the most difficult to measure?
d) social
30. What domain includes human traits such as feelings or emotions?
a) affective
31. Giving feedback throughout a gymnastics unit is what type of evaluation?
d) formative
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32. Which of the following represents a criterion-referenced measurement?
b) Everyone scoring over 75 passes.
33. For which domain has a taxonomy been developed?
e) three of the above
34. What happens to the mean and the standard deviation of a set of scores if each score is increased by
10?
d) The mean changes and the standard deviation stay the same.
35. Which of the following contains an absolute zero point?
d) ratio
36. The most stable measure of central tendency with interval data is the _______________.
a) mean
37. The standard deviation is an indication of
b) the variability of a set of test scores around the mean
38. What is the difference between a floppy disk and a hard disk?
d) two of the above
39. Which of the following is used to communicate from one computer to another?
c) modem
40. Reaction-time tests are what level of measurement?
d) ratio
41. If two variables have a correlation coefficient of .85, it can be inferred that
b) a relationship exists
42. To make a statement such as, 8 units is twice as much as 4 units’ what level of measurement is
required?
c) interval
43. A correlation of .8 should be considered
a) a high correlation
44. Between what limits can the Pearson product-moment coefficient of correlation vary?
b) -1.0 and + 1.0
45. If a negative relationship exists between two physical measures
e) the value of one measure increases as the value of the other measure decreases
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Define the following:
46. Standard Score – the transformation of an observed score into standard deviation units.
47. Test – an instrument used to collect data
48. Measure—the act of collecting and analyzing data
49. Summative evaluation—evaluations conducted at the end of the evaluation period
50. Ordinal scale—scale that has order but no set unit of difference between each score.
51. Variance – the squared deviation of scores from the mean
52. Negatively skewed – greatest number of scores are gathered to the right of a curve
53. Platykurtic— heterogeneous distribution of scores where the curve is flattened and elongated.
Short Answers:
54. What factors do you need to know to compute a standard deviation?
You need to know the sum of observed scores, each observed score squared, and the
number of observed scores in the data set.
55. List and describe in order, the four scales of measurement.
Nominal— names or classifications, no order or hierarchy; type of vehicle; ID number;
license tag
Ordinal— order or rank; football and basketball rankings; ladder tournament results
Interval— equal units and arbitrary 0; "knowledge” results on a test; SAT or ACT scores; equal units
between values but “arbitrarily” chosen zero
Ratio— same as interval, but with an absolute 0; height; weight; test score (not knowledge);
“absolute” zero in that zero means the total absence of the characteristic being measured
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56. List and describe the three measures of central tendency.
Mean – the arithmetic average of a group of scores
Median – the middle score; P50
Mode – the most frequently occurring score
57. Explain the differences between observed, error and true scores.
The observed score is the score which you obtain when measuring, sometimes referred
to as the RAW score
The error score is that portion of the observed score that occurs due to extraneous or
intrinsic factors that cause the observed score to fluctuate from the true score
The True score is that portion of the observed score is “True” or the actual score that the
person should receive if all error is removed.
58. Explain the difference between norm-referenced and criterion referenced scores.
Norm referenced standards are standards based on the normal curve, and derived from
data collection of the population. Norm referenced standards compare an observed score
to the other “people” in the population to determine where the observed score falls within
the population.
Criterion referenced standards are standards based on a specific criterion and compare
an observed score to a cut score. The cut score is considered the minimal qualifications
for passing. Using criterion referenced standards, you determine simply a pass – fail
criterion without any regard to maximum performance.
Essay/Graphs/Long answers:
59. What is the mean, median, mode and standard deviations of the following scores. What are the z-
scores for score1 and what are the t-scores for score 2?
Student
Score 1
Score 1 z-scores
A
20
-1.40
B
40
0.35
C
30
-0.53
D
50
1.23
E
40
0.35
Score 1 Mean = 36; median = 40; mode = 40; S = 11.40
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