AFAMS Master Lesson Plan (MLP)
Nursing Program
Introduction to Pediatric Cardiovascular Disorders
Instructor
Serial/Semester
Location
Start/Finish Time
Date
LESSON OBJECTIVE
Performance: To gain an understanding of pediatric cardiovascular conditions.
Conditions:
The student will be presented a powerpoint presentation by the instructor and will have
all necessary references made available to him/her.
Standard:
1.
Given a scenario of a pediatric patient with a cardiovascular disorder by correctly
responding to written, oral and experiential assessment measures.
TEACHING POINTS
1. Compare the cardiovascular system of the
child to the cardiovascular system of an adult.
2. Identify signs related to suspected cardiac
pathology.
3. Explain the nursing responsibilities related to
selected test(s) used in the diagnosis of heart
disorders.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8
9.
10.
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY
Interactive Lecture
Method:
Instructor
Media:
Classroom
Environment:
OTHER LESSON SPECIFICATIONS
Knowledge Lesson
Type of Lesson:
1/50
Ratio:
Resources:
.
End of Lesson Test: None
Minutes
Instructional Time: 261
Reference(s):
ISBN 0-7216-9334-2
Introduction to Maternity & Pediatric Nursing, 4th
Edition
01 Jan 2003
LESSON PLAN APPROVAL
Signature of Standards Officer
Date
AFAMS Master Lesson Plan (MLP)
Nursing Program
Introduction to Pediatric Cardiovascular Disorders
INTRODUCTION
Allocated Time:
Review:
5 Minutes
You have had previous anatomy and physiology lectures in your combat medic
training, this lecture will build upon prior instruction.
Objective:
To discuss/describe topics related to the nursing process.
Importance:
Nurses work in various health care settings so it is important to gain an
understanding of this subject as it will apply to your clinical practice.
Fit:
Many cardiovascular dysfunctions seen in children are congenital in nature.
These conditions cross the spectrum being minimally limiting to being
incompatible with life. Because we are dealing with children with heart
conditions, we are also dealing with families who are experiencing a great deal
of anxiety. This lesson will provide you with a basic understanding of the
cardiovascular system in children. That knowledge will be applies to later
lessons on specific cardiovascular diseases in children.
Approach:
You will be presented the subject in lecture format and will be tested using a
written exam at a later date.
Control Statement:
If you have any questions during the lesson please feel free to ask.
BODY
1. Teaching Point: Compare the cardiovascular system of the child to the cardiovascular system of an
adult.
Minutes
Allocated Time:
Introduction:
Learner Participation:
Knowledge Lesson Please follow along with your hand outs and take notes.
Skill Lesson
Powerpoint presentation with associated handouts.
Learning Support:
a. Physiology.
(1) The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, the blood, and blood vessels. As the heart beats,
blood, oxygen, and nutrients are transported to all tissues of the body and waste products are removed.
Because of anatomical and physiological immaturity, the cardiovascular system of the child differs from
that of the adult. The cardiovascular system develops between the third and eighth week of gestation. It
is the first system to function in intrauterine life. Fetal circulation is designed to serve the metabolic
needs during intrauterine life and also to permit safe transition to life outside the womb.
(a) Pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and hematologic values vary with the age of the child.
(b) Chest walls are thin due to the relative lack of subcutaneous and muscle tissue.
(c) The newborn's circulation differs from the fetal circulation; if adaptations do not take place,
congenital heart problems may arise.
1
AFAMS Master Lesson Plan (MLP)
Nursing Program
Introduction to Pediatric Cardiovascular Disorders
(d) Capillary function is immature in newborns. It takes several weeks for the small capillaries to
expand and contract in response to external temperatures.
(e) Heart rate is higher in newborns and infants.
(f) Children have limited ability to increase stroke volume in response to decreased cardiac output.
(g) Most heart conditions in children result from a defect in embryonic structure.
Knowledge Lesson:
Question:
Answer:
Check on Learning
In a knowledge lesson, pose questions to the class.
Why are chest walls thin in infants and young children?
Because of the relative lack of subcutaneous and muscle tissue.
Skill Lesson:
In a skill lesson, provide practice and watch students perform a skill.
2. Teaching Point: Identify signs related to suspected cardiac pathology.
Minutes
Allocated Time:
Introduction:
Learner Participation:
Knowledge Lesson Please follow along with your hand outs and take notes.
Skill Lesson
Powerpoint presentation with associated handouts.
Learning Support:
a. Pathology.
(1) Signs and symptoms of specific congenital heart defects relate to the specific pathology involved,
several signs and symptoms are common to most infants with congenital cardiac problems. The
following observations should be reported:
(a) Failure to thrive and/or poor weight gain.
(b) Cyanosis, pallor.
(c) Visually observed pulsations in the neck veins.
(d) Tachypnea, dyspnea.
(e) Irregular pulse rate.
(f) Clubbing of fingers.
(g) Fatigue during feeding or activity.
(h) Excessive perspiration, especially over forehead.
2
AFAMS Master Lesson Plan (MLP)
Nursing Program
Introduction to Pediatric Cardiovascular Disorders
Knowledge Lesson:
Question:
Answer:
Skill Lesson:
Check on Learning
In a knowledge lesson, pose questions to the class.
What are some common signs and symptoms of a child with a congenital
cardiac defect?
Failure to thrive, poor weight gain, cyanosis, pallor, tachypnea, dyspnea,
irregular pulse rate, clubbing fingers, fatigue during feeding, excessive
perspiration.
In a skill lesson, provide practice and watch students perform a skill.
3. Teaching Point: Explain the nursing responsibilities related to selected test(s) used in the diagnosis of
heart disorders.
Minutes
Allocated Time:
Introduction:
Learner Participation:
Knowledge Lesson Please follow along with your hand outs and take notes.
Skill Lesson
Powerpoint presentation with associated handouts.
Learning Support:
a. See table 25-3, p. 618, Leifer.
b. Cardiac Catheterization.
(1) Radiopaque catheter passed through femoral artery directly into the heart and large vessels.
(2) Nursing Responsibilities.
(a) Monitoring vital signs.
(b) Observing for thrombosis formation.
(c) Performing neurovascular checks of limb (including pedal pulses).
(d) Emotional support of the family.
(e) Education concerning what to do and expect during and after the procedure.
3
AFAMS Master Lesson Plan (MLP)
Nursing Program
Introduction to Pediatric Cardiovascular Disorders
Knowledge Lesson:
Question:
Answer:
Check on Learning
In a knowledge lesson, pose questions to the class.
What is a cardiac catheterization?
A radiopaque catheter that is passed through the femoral artery directly into
the heart and large vessels.
Skill Lesson:
In a skill lesson, provide practice and watch students perform a skill.
END OF LESSON TEST
Allocated Time:
Instructions:
Test Questions or
Performance
Expected:
Test Key:
0 Minutes
You will be tested on this subject at a later date.
You will be expected to review and study the material taught in this session in
order to pass the associated written test. If you have difficulty with the material
please see me so we can review together.
None.
CONCLUSION
Allocated Time:
Summary:
5 Minutes
Review and re-emphasize the difficult Teaching Points below.
1.
2.
3.
Compare the cardiovascular system of the child to the cardiovascular
system of an adult.
Identify signs related to suspected cardiac pathology.
Explain the nursing responsibilities related to selected test(s) used in
the diagnosis of heart disorders.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8
9.
10.
Closing Statement:
Nurses work in various health care settings so it is important to gain an
understanding of this subject as it will apply to your clinical practice.
Re-motivating
Statement:
Many cardiovascular dysfunctions seen in children are congenital in nature.
These conditions cross the spectrum being minimally limiting to being
incompatible with life. Because we are dealing with children with heart
conditions, we are also dealing with families who are experiencing a great deal
of anxiety. This lesson will provide you with a basic understanding of the
cardiovascular system in children. That knowledge will be applies to later
lessons on specific cardiovascular diseases in children.
4