Table 1 Single locus probability tests of deviation from HWE for head and body lice from 11 hosts. Significant deviations from HWE (after Bonferroni correction) are shown in boldface and are underlined. Host ID and collection site Statistic ML7 ML8 ML9 ML10 B1417 Heada N 15 15 14 15 15 P 1 0.0646 0.0221 0.4199 0.7334 FIS Hobs (Hexp) B1417 Bodya 16 15 17 0.0505 0.0014 0.0465 -0.043 0.375 0.414 0.509 0.391 0.5294 (0.5651) 0.3529 (0.5704) 0.375 (0.6311) 0.3333 (0.6713) 0.4118 (0.6702) N 9 9 9 9 9 P 1 1 0.0007 0.4922 0.6418 N P N P FIS Hobs (Hexp) N P -0.143 0.84 0.351 -0.352 0.3333 (0.3856) 0.1111 (0.6994) 0.3333 (0.5033) 0.6667 (0.5033) 14 1 14 0.7339 14 0.1341 14 0.0000 14 0.1378 0.032 0.033 0.238 0.807 0.248 0.5 (0.5476 ) 0.6429 (0.664) 0.5714 (0.7857) 0.1429 (0.7593) 0.5 (0.6587) 9 10 9 9 9 1 0.0523 1 0.0015 0.54 0.226 1 0.059 0.719 -0.297 0.3333 (0.5033) 0 (0.2842) 0.4444 (0.4706) 0.2222 (0.7974) 0.6667 (0.5229) 22 22 21 23 24 0.0006 1 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.325 0.766 0.609 0.094 0.0909 (0.1321) 0.5455 (0.8288) 0.0952 (0.4414) 0.2609 (0.6298) 0.5833 (0.6764) N 27 27 27 27 28 P 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 0.3523 0.0000 FIS 0.644 1 1 0.07 0.639 0.1852 (0.5136) 0 (0.4612) 0 (0.4277) 0.5185 (0.557) 0.25 (0.7084) 24 27 25 25 27 0.0011 0.839 0.0000 0.543 0.0001 0.525 0.0000 0.897 0.008 0.301 0.4815 (0.6848) Hobs (Hexp) Hobs (Hexp) N P FIS Hobs (Hexp) 0.0417 (0.2899) 0.3333 (0.754) 0.36 (0.7796) 0.04 (0.4204) N 48 48 48 48 48 P 0.0123 0.0004 0.015 0.0003 0.0005 FIS Hobs (Hexp) B2002 Body -0.091 0.3333 (0.3072) -0.024 FIS B2002 Head 0.109 0.4667 (0.5609) 17 Hobs (Hexp) B1531 Body -0.29 0.6667 (0.5218) 0.1081 FIS B1531 Head 0.395 0.4286 (0.7011) 1 Hobs (Hexp) B1457 Body 0.169 0.4667 (0.5609) 17 FIS B1457 Head -0.12 0.2667 (0.2966) P Hobs (Hexp) B1418 Bodya ML21 N FIS B1418 Heada Microsatellite loci N P FIS Hobs (Hexp) 0.014 -0.074 -0.13 0.125 -0.078 0.7708 (0.784) 0.875 (0.8206) 0.9375 (0.8307) 0.7708 (0.8605) 0.8958 (0.8316) 48 48 48 47 48 0.0013 0.434 0.1851 0.155 0.0148 0.119 0.0521 0.164 0.7988 -0.049 0.2083 (0.384) 0.7292 (0.866) 0.75 (0.8524) 0.7805 (0.9106) 0.875 (0.8349) N: sample size; P: probability; FIS: inbreeding coefficient; Hobs: observed heterozygosity; Hexp: proportion of heterozygotes expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; a: from the two sisters; b: from recycling yard B. Table 1 continued B2006 Head N 48 48 48 48 45 P 0.1453 0.0258 0.0008 0.0776 0.1049 FIS 0.106 0.245 0.242 0 0.122 0.6444 (0.7333) Hobs (Hexp) B2006 Body 0.625 (0.6985) 0.5208 (0.698) 0.6667 (0.8778) 0.9167 (0.9165) N 29 28 29 29 27 P 0.0003 0.0047 0.0129 0.0065 0.3959 FIS 0.381 0.15 0.186 0.215 -0.186 0.9259 (0.7834) Hobs (Hexp) B2009 Headb 0.3448 (0.5759) 0.7143 (0.8333) 0.7241 (0.89) 0.6897 (0.879) N 17 18 18 18 18 P 0.0258 0.027 0.0000 0.0001 0.2465 FIS 0.355 0.056 0.206 0.386 -0.015 0.6667 (0.6571) Hobs (Hexp) B2009 Bodyb 0.4706 (0.754) 0.6667 (0.7048) 0.7222 (0.9079) 0.5556 (0.9127) N 16 16 16 16 16 P 0.5672 0.0357 0.4012 0.0053 0.2269 FIS 0.189 0.451 -0.028 -0.119 0.213 Hobs (Hexp) B2010 Headb 0.3125 (0.4315) 0.1875 (0.3367) 0.6875 (0.6694) 0.9375 (0.8407) 0.4375 (0.5524) N 7 8 7 8 7 P 1 1 0.0704 1 1 -0.18 -0.105 0.385 -0.067 -0.091 0.8571 (0.8352) FIS Hobs (Hexp) B2010 Bodyb 0.8571 (0.7363) 0.375 (0.3417) 0.5714 (0.9341) 1 (0.9417) N 5 5 5 5 5 P 0.0462 0.0451 0.7952 0.2274 0.6573 0.25 0.429 0.059 0.179 0 0.8 (0.8444) FIS Hobs (Hexp) B2011 Headb 0.6 (0.8444) 0.4 (0.7778) 0.8 (0.8444) 0.8 (0.9778) N 7 9 7 9 7 P 0.4366 0.0598 0.0182 0.2657 0.1606 0.02 1 0.652 0.164 0.446 0.4286 (0.7582) FIS Hobs (Hexp) B2011 Bodyb 0.5714 (0.6703) 0 (0.3137) 0.2857 (0.8242) 0.7778 (0.9281) N 14 14 14 14 14 P 0.2024 0.6767 0.2958 0.043 0.6307 FIS -0.164 0.129 0.204 0.21 0.055 Hobs (Hexp) B2012 Headb 0.6429 (0.5556) 0.5 (0.5794) 0.6429 (0.8254) 0.7143 (0.9259) 0.7143 (0.754) N 3 4 4 4 3 P 0.2012 1 0.009 0.142 1 FIS 0.6 -0.091 0.75 0.7 0.111 0.3333 (0.8) 0.5 (0.4643) 0.25 (1) 0.25 (0.7857) 0.6667 (0.7333) N 6 6 6 6 6 P 0.5144 1 0.1726 0.004 0.0542 Hobs (Hexp) B2012 Bodyb FIS 0.394 -0.111 0.286 0.483 0.592 0.3333 (0.5303) 0.3333 (0.303) 0.6667 (0.9242) 0.5 (0.9546) 0.3333 (0.7879) N 13 14 14 14 14 P 0.0194 1 0.6728 0.7535 0.8767 Hobs (Hexp) B2013 Headb FIS 0.321 -0.111 0.125 -0.097 0.068 0.4615 (0.6708) 0.3571 (0.3228) 0.7857 (0.8942) 0.9286 (0.873) 0.7143 (0.7646) N 16 16 16 16 16 P 0.141 1 0.0597 0.0000 0.0048 Hobs (Hexp) B2013 Bodyb FIS Hobs (Hexp) 0.067 -0.017 0.237 0.292 -0.01 0.4375 (0.5141) 0.125 (0.1815) 0.625 (0.8165) 0.625 (0.9052) 0.8125 (0.8165) Table 2 A list of putative migrants between populations of head lice and body lice from each of 11 hosts, with posterior probabilities for migrant ancestry generated by the program STRUCTURE. Louse ID numbers correspond to those in Tables 6 & 7. Lice with posterior probabilities that varied by 0.1 or less with changes in v are shown in boldface and are underlined. PROBABILITY Louse ID number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 v 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 Host ID Putative number and source site on host population 2009 B 2009 H 2009 B 2009 H 2006 B 2006 H 2013 H 2013 B 2009 B 2009 H 1457 B 1457 H 2002 B 2002 H 2009 B 2009 H 1417 B 1417 H 2006 H 2006 B 2009 B 2009 H 1457 B 1457 H 2006 H 2006 B 2006 H 2006 B No migrant ancestry Migrant Migrant parent Migrant grandparent Maximum variation 0.000 0.000 0.021 0.006 0.567 0.548 0.735 0.676 0.218 0.097 0.238 0.095 0.371 0.206 0.423 0.252 0.527 0.337 0.754 0.548 0.568 0.345 0.661 0.431 0.795 0.560 0.777 0.518 0.997 0.999 0.705 0.694 0.302 0.283 0.010 0.090 0.028 0.014 0.686 0.835 0.108 0.137 0.004 0.001 0.276 0.385 0.210 0.395 0.001 0.000 0.197 0.343 0.011 0.028 0.062 0.219 0.002 0.001 0.203 0.225 0.066 0.077 0.145 0.117 0.474 0.540 0.042 0.039 0.335 0.425 0.264 0.296 0.029 0.040 0.011 0.018 0.098 0.103 0.068 0.110 0.108 0.245 0.066 0.113 0.001 0.000 0.071 0.074 0.065 0.091 0.110 0.117 0.280 0.348 0.035 0.031 0.186 0.232 0.309 0.451 0.168 0.237 0.025 0.039 0.333 0.551 0.074 0.117 0.086 0.167 0.095 0.150 0.002 H, head; B, body; v, probability of being a migrant; ID, identification. 0.022 0.026 0.080 0.121 0.149 0.165 0.171 0.190 0.206 0.223 0.230 0.235 0.259 Table 3 A list of putative migrants among four populations of head lice and body lice from two sisters, with posterior probabilities for migrant ancestry from the putative source population as generated by the program STRUCTURE. Note that the posterior probabilities do not equal one since there were probabilities of having ancestry from the other two populations. Louse ID numbers correspond to those in Tables 5 & 7. Lice with posterior probabilities that varied by 0.1 or less with changes in v are shown in boldface and are underlined. PROBABILITY Louse ID number 15 16 17 9 v 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 Host ID number and site on host 1418 H Putative source population 1417 H 1417 H 1418 H 1418 B 1417 B 1417 B 1418 H No migrant ancestry Migrant Migrant parent Migrant Grandparent Maximum variation 0.042 0.017 0.764 0.602 0.707 0.522 0.600 0.375 0.935 0.96 0.104 0.179 0.188 0.312 0.116 0.196 0.016 0.016 0.006 0.011 0.062 0.098 0.017 0.025 0.006 0.006 0.011 0.019 0.042 0.065 0.135 0.202 0.025 H, head; B, body; v, probability of being a migrant; ID, identification. 0.162 0.185 0.225 Table 4 A list of putative migrants among ten populations of head lice and body lice from five hosts from recycling yard B, with posterior probabilities for migrant ancestry from the putative source population(s) as generated by the program STRUCTURE. Note that the posterior probabilities do not equal one since there were probabilities of having ancestry from the other populations. Louse ID numbers correspond to those in Tables 5 & 6. Lice with posterior probabilities that varied by 0.1 or less with changes in v are shown in boldface and are underlined. PROBABILITY Louse ID number v 1 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.10 18 2 5 19 8 20 21 22 23 24 Host ID Putative number and source site on host population 2009 B 2011 B 2013 B 2009 B 2009 B 2010 B No migrant ancestry Migrant Migrant parent Migrant grandparent Maximum variation 0.000 0.000 0.027 0.006 0.013 0.006 0.689 0.687 0.959 0.983 0.240 0.264 0.231 0.244 0.103 0.096 0.204 0.231 0.112 0.156 0.138 0.189 0.003 0.003 0.249 0.359 0.356 0.453 0.016 0.030 0.054 0.104 0.071 0.154 0.356 0.545 0.031 0.075 0.018 0.058 0.001 0.001 0.004 0.002 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.008 0.046 0.043 0.142 0.184 0.012 0.017 0.013 0.017 0.236 0.332 0.009 0.007 0.010 0.008 0.014 0.026 0.010 0.017 0.024 0.048 0.017 0.023 0.062 0.109 0.007 0.013 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.017 0.016 0.039 0.048 0.007 0.010 0.009 0.011 0.087 0.124 0.006 0.004 0.006 0.004 0.011 0.019 0.009 0.014 0.017 0.031 0.009 0.011 0.035 0.060 0.008 0.012 0.002 2012 B 2009 B 2011 B 0.115 0.058 2012 B 2009 H 2010 B 0.379 0.218 2011B 2009 B 2013 B 2012 B 2009 H 0.401 0.231 0.290 0.088 2011 H 2013 B 2012 H 2009 H 2012 H 0.751 0.534 0.721 0.497 2013 B 2009 H 2012 B 2013 B 2009 B 2012 B 0.416 0.190 0.751 0.500 H, head; B, body; v, probability of being a migrant; ID, identification. 0.024 0.024 0.057 0.161 0.170 0.202 0.217 0.224 0.226 0.251