Studies Reason for exclusion Amundsen et al. 2000 No valid patient reported functional outcome measure Cho et al. 2007 No valid patient reported functional outcome measure Fu et al. 2008 Population included congenital stenosis Galiano et al. 2005 Observational study Greenman 2006 Case series Gunzburg et al. 2003 Population included congenital stenosis Haro et al. 2008 No formal diagnosis of stenosis for included subjects Hatta et al. 2009 Inconsistent follow-up period between subjects Jansson et al. 2009 No valid patient reported functional outcome measure Jayaroa & Chin 2010 Retrospective study Kim et al. 2007 Retrospective study Kleinstuck et al. 2009 No valid patient reported functional outcome measure Mariconda et al. 2002 No valid patient reported functional outcome measure McGregor & Hughes 2002a Population included foraminal stenosis McGregor & Hughes 2002b Population included foarminal stenosis Murphy et al. 2006 Population included foraminal stenosis Ng et al. 2007 Population included spondylolisthesis Orpen et al. 2010 Recording outcomes >2 years Paker et al. 2005 No valid patient reported functional outcome measure Pao et al. 2009 Inconsistent follow-up period between subjects Papavero et al. 2009 No valid patient reported functional outcome measure Rampersaud et al. 2008 No valid patient reported functional outcome measure Rosen et al. 2007 Retrospective study Schillberg & Nystrom 2000 No valid patient reported functional outcome measure Shabat et al. 2007 No valid patient reported functional outcome measure Shabat et al. 2008 Recording outcomes >2 years Sinikallio et al. 2006 Surgical details not specified Sinikallio et al. 2007 Surgical details not specified Sinikallio et al. 2009 Surgical details not specified Sinikallio et al. 2010 Surgical details not specified Sirvanci et al. 2008 Retrospective study Spratt et al. 2004 Observational study Tenhula et al. 2000 Recording outcomes >2 years Waikakul & Waikakul 2000 Language other than English Westergaard et al. 2009 Observational study Whitman et al. 2003 Case series Wilby et al. 2006 Population included spondylolisthesis Willen et al. 2008 Observational study Wu et al. 2003 Language other than English Yagi et al. 2009 No valid patient reported functional outcome measure Yaksi et al. 2007 No valid patient reported functional outcome measure Yamashita et al. 2006 Recording outcomes >2 years Yukawa et al. 2002 Population included spondylolisthesis References 1. 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