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Muscles of the Lower Extremity
The THIGH
AND THE LEG
Muscle: PSOAS
Proximal Insertion – Lumbar intervertebral discs, bodies and transverse processes of the
lumbar vertebrae
Distal Insertion – Lesser trochanter of the femur
Joint(s) Crossed –Hip
Action – FLEXES THE THIGH
MUSCLE: Iliacus
Proximal Insertion – Iliac fossa of the Ilium
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Distal Insertion – Lesser trochanter of the femur
Joint(s) Crossed – Hip
Action – Flexes the thigh
MUSCLE: Gluteus Maximus
Proximal Insertion – Sacrum, coccyx and
posterior surface of the ilium
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Distal Insertion – posterior surfact of the
femur
Joint(s) Crossed – Hip
Action – Extends the thigh
MUSCLE: GLUTEUS MEDIUS
Proximal Insertion – Lateral surface of
the ilium
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Distal Insertion – Greator trochanter of the
Femur
Joint(s) Crossed – Hip
Action – Abducts and lateraly rotates the hip
MUSCLE: GLUTEUS MINIMUS
Proximal Insertion – Lateral surface of
the ilium
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Distal Insertion – Greater trochanter of the
Joint(s) Crossed – Hip
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Action – Abducts and lateraly rotates the hip
MUSCLE: TENSOR FASCIA LATAE
Proximal Insertion – Anterior iliac crest
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Distal Insertion – Fasica of the thigh
Femur
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Joint(s) Crossed – Hip
Action – Abducts, flexes and medially rotates
the hip
MUSCLE: ADDUTTOR LONGUS
Proximal Insertion – Pubic Bone near symphysis
pubis
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Distal Insertion – Posterior surface of the
femur
Joint(s) Crossed – Hip
Action – Adducts, flexes and laterally rotates
the hip
MUSCLE: ADDUCTOR MAGNGUS
Proximal Insertion – Ischial tuberosity
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Distal Insertion – Posterior surface of the
femur
Joint(s) Crossed – Hip
Action – Adducts, extends and laterally
rotates the hip
MUSCLE: GRACILLIS
Proximal Insertion – Lower edge of the symphysis
pubis
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Distal Insertion – Medial surface of the
tibia
Joint(s) Crossed – Hip
Action – Adducts the thigh, and medially rotates
the lower extremity
MUSCLE: SARTORIUS
Proximal Insertion – Anterior Superior iliac spine
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Distal Insertion – Medial surface of the
tibia
Joint(s) Crossed – Hip
Action – Flexes the leg and thigh, adducts the
thigh, rotates the thigh laterally, rotates
the leg medially
MUSCLE: BICEPS FEMORIS (HAMSTRING GROUP)
Proximal Insertion – Ischial tuberosity and posterior surface of the femur
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Distal Insertion – head of fibula and lateral
condyle of the tibia
Joint(s) Crossed – hip and knee
Action –
flexes leg, extends the thigh
MUSCLE: SEMITENDINOSIS AND SEMIMEMBRANOUS
Proximal Insertion – Ischial tuberosity
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Distal Insertion – medial surface of the tibia
Joint(s) Crossed – hip and knee
Action –
MUSCLE:
extends leg at the knee
QUADRACEPS FEMORIS GROUP (RECTUS FEMORIS)
Proximal Insertion – spine of the ilium and
margin of the acetabulum
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Distal Insertion – patella by the tendon –
continues as the patellar tendon
to the tibial tuberosity
Joint(s) Crossed – knee
Action –
flexes the leg at the knee
MUSCLE: VASTUS LATERALIS
Proximal Insertion – GREATOR TROCHANTER AND POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE
FEMUR
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Distal Insertion – Patella by the tendon and
continues as the patellar
tendon to the tibial tuberosity
Joint(s) Crossed –knee
Action –
extends the leg at the knee
MUSCLE: VASTUS INTERMEDIAS
Proximal Insertion – Anterior and lateral surface of the femur
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Distal Insertion – Patella by the tendon and
continues as the patellar
tendon to the tibial tuberosity
Joint(s) Crossed – knee
Action –
extends leg at the knee
MUSCLE: TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
Proximal Insertion – Lateral condyle and lateral
surface of the tibia
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Distal Insertion – Cuneiform bone and the first
metatarsal
Joint(s) Crossed – ankle joint, tarsal and
metatarsal joints
Action –
dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
MUSCLE: PERONEUS LONGUS
Proximal Insertion – Anterior surface of the
fibula
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Distal Insertion – dorsal surface of the 5th
metatarsal
Joint(s) Crossed – ankle joint, tarsal and
metatarsal joints
Action –
dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot
MUSCLE: EXTENSON DIGITORIUM LONGUS
Proximal Insertion – Anterior surface of the
fibula
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Distal Insertion – Dorsal surface of the 2nd
and 3rd phalanges of the
lateral 4 toes
Joint(s) Crossed – ankle joint, tarsal and
metatarsal joints
Action – dorsiflexion and eversion of the
foot and extension of the toes
MUSCLE: GASTROCNEMIUS
Proximal Insertion – lateral and medial
condyles of the femur
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Distal Insertion – Posterior surface of the
calcaneus
Joint(s) Crossed – ankle joint,
Action –
plantar flexion of the foot
MUSCLE: SOLEUS
Proximal Insertion – head and shaft of the fibula
and posterior surface of
the tibia
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Distal Insertion – Posterior surface of the
calcaneus
Joint(s) Crossed – ankle (posterior) surface of
the calcaneus
Action –
plantar flexes the foot
MUSCLE: FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
Proximal Insertion – posterior surface of the tibia
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Distal Insertion – Distal phalanges of the lateral
4 toes
Joint(s) Crossed – posterior and medial ankle
Action –
FLEXES THE LATERAL 4 TOES