Anaesthesia and Pain (Paediatric) April 2013 This bulletin covers Pain, Analgesics and Anaesthetics concerning patients aged 0-18 years, and should be of interest to staff working in these areas. Topics covered include pain assessment, chronic pain, adverse reactions and patient monitoring. This CAB is produced quarterly. Many of the following articles are available online via the NHS Scotland Knowledge Network. Please use the links where provided and your ATHENS password. A complete list of available online journals and registration for ATHENS can be found at www.knowledge.scot.nhs.uk/ If the article you require is not available via the NHS Scotland Knowledge Network and you would like to request a print copy, please submit your request online at www.quest.scot.nhs.uk This bulletin contains a selection of material gathered from a search of the evidence base, and is not intended to be comprehensive. Professional judgment should be exercised when appraising the material. The Library takes no responsibility for the wording, content and accuracy of the information supplied, which has been extracted in good faith from reputable sources. NHSGGC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites. Contents: Anaesthetic procedures ……………..………………. Analgesic procedures ………………………………… Paediatric pain ………………………………………… Pg 2 Pg 4 Pg 7 Compiled by: Scott Adam Assistant Librarian Forrester Cockburn Library Royal Hospital for Sick Children Glasgow G3 8SJ Tel: 0141 201 0794 Fax: 0141 201 9340 Email: scott.adam@ggc.scot.nhs.uk 1 Paediatric Pain and Anaesthesia, April 2014 Scott Adam, Assistant Librarian, NHSGGC Library Network Anaesthetic procedures D. B. Andropoulos, H. B. Ahmad, T. Haq, et al. The association between brain injury, perioperative anesthetic exposure, and 12-month neurodevelopmental outcomes after neonatal cardiac surgery: A retrospective cohort study. Paediatr.Anaesth. 2014:March 2014:24(3) 266-274. H. A. Benzon, G. S. De Oliveira, C. A. Hardy, et al. Status of pediatric anesthesiology fellowship research education in the United States: A survey of fellowship program directors. Paediatr.Anaesth. 2014:March 2014:24(3) 327-331. R. M. Beringer, R. Greenwood and N. Kilpatrick. Development and validation of the Pediatric Anesthesia Behavior score - An objective measure of behavior during induction of anesthesia. Paediatr.Anaesth. 2014:February 2014:24(2) 196-200. R. M. Beringer, P. Segar, A. Pearson, et al. Observational study of perioperative behavior changes in children having teeth extracted under general anesthesia. Paediatr.Anaesth. 2014:May 2014:24(5) 499-504. M. T. Bhat, M. C. B. Santhosh, H. V. Hegde, et al. Anesthetic management of a child with Bardet-Biedl syndrome undergoing post-auricular dermoid excision. Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology. 2014:January-March 2014:30(1) 117-118. A. T. Bosenberg. Neonatal anesthesia with limited resources. Paediatr.Anaesth. 2014:January 2014:24(1) 98-105. C. C. Breugem and J. De Graaff. Anesthetic implications of infants with mandibular hypoplasia treated with mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Paediatr.Anaesth. 2014:February 2014:24(2) 227-228. D. Buck, C. D. Kurth and A. Varughese. Perspectives on Quality and Safety in Pediatric Anesthesia. Anesthesiology Clinics. 2014:March 2014:32(1) 281-294. A. Camkiran, C. Araz, S. S. Balli, et al. Anesthetic management in pediatric orthotopic liver transplant for fulminant hepatic failure and end-stage liver disease. Experimental and Clinical Transplantation. 2014:2014:12(SUPPL. 1) 106-109. T. C. Chang and K. M. Cavuoto. Anesthesia considerations in pediatric glaucoma management. Curr.Opin.Ophthalmol. 2014:Mar:25(2) 118-121. X. Cheng, Y. Huang, Q. Zhao, et al. Comparison of the effects of dexmedetomidineketamine and sevoflurane-sufentanil anesthesia in children with obstructive sleep apnea after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty: An observational study. Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology. 2014:January-March 2014:30(1) 31-35. P. K. Dubey and N. Kumar. External reinforcement for extraoral kinking of tracheal tube during pediatric anesthesia. Paediatr.Anaesth. 2014:March 2014:24(3) 354-356. J. E. Fiadjoe and P. Kovatsis. Videolaryngoscopes in pediatric anesthesia: What's new?. Minerva Anestesiol. 2014:January 2014:80(1) 76-82. A. Gupta and U. Usha. Spinal anesthesia in children: A review. Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology. 2014:January-March 2014:30(1) 10-18. 2 Paediatric Pain and Anaesthesia, April 2014 Scott Adam, Assistant Librarian, NHSGGC Library Network I. Ivanova and A. Pittaway. Principles of anaesthesia for term neonates: An updated practical guide. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine. 2014:March 2014:15(3) 103-106. A. Kanaya, N. Kuratani, D. Satoh, et al. Lower incidence of emergence agitation in children after propofol anesthesia compared with sevoflurane: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Anesthesia. 2014:February 2014:28(1) 4-11. T. Knight and S. M. Sale. Anaesthesia for paediatric eye surgery. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine. 2014:January 2014:15(1) 30-33. G. J. Latham. Anesthesia for the Child with Cancer. Anesthesiology Clinics. 2014:March 2014:32(1) 185-213. Y. -W Li, L. Ma, B. Sui, et al. Etomidate with or without flumazenil anesthesia for stem cell transplantation in autistic children. Drug Metabol.Drug Interact. 2014:01 Feb 2014:29(1) 4751. N. Marlow. Anesthesia and long-term outcomes after neonatal intensive care. Paediatr.Anaesth. 2014:January 2014:24(1) 60-67. K. Millar, A. W. Bowman, D. Burns, et al. Children's cognitive recovery after day-case general anesthesia: A randomized trial of propofol or isoflurane for dental procedures. Paediatr.Anaesth. 2014:February 2014:24(2) 201-207. A. Mittnacht and C. Rodriguez-Diaz. Multimodal neuromonitoring in pediatric cardiac anesthesia. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia. 2014:January-March 2014:17(1) 25-32. D. G. Nevin, S. J. Green, A. E. Weaver, et al. An observational study of paediatric prehospital intubation and anaesthesia in 1933 children attended by a physician-led, prehospital trauma service. Resuscitation. 2014:February 2014:85(2) 189-195. B. Newman, E. J. Krane, R. Gawande, et al. Chest CT in children: Anesthesia and atelectasis. Pediatr.Radiol. 2014:February 2014:44(2) 164-172. Y. Ni, Y. Yao and P. Liang. Simple strategy of anesthesia for the neonate with tracheoesophageal fistula: A case report. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 2014:2014:7(1) 327-328. A. Ozdek, O. Bayir, M. E. Isik, et al. Anesthesia mumps resulting in temporary facial nerve paralysis after the auditory brainstem implantation in a 3-year-old child. Int.J.Pediatr.Otorhinolaryngol. 2014:January 2014:78(1) 159-162. C. Pandit, R. Valentin, J. De Lima, et al. Effect of general anesthesia on pulmonary function and clinical status on children with cystic fibrosis. Paediatr.Anaesth. 2014:February 2014:24(2) 164-169. G. D. Politis, C. J. Stemland, R. K. Balireddy, et al. Propofol for pediatric tracheal intubation with deep anesthesia during sevoflurane induction: Dosing according to elapsed time for two age groups. J.Clin.Anesth. 2014:2014:26(1) 25-35. P. -Y Rabattu, A. Courvoisier, E. Bourgeois, et al. Spica cast as an alternative to general anesthesia for lower limb MRI in young children. Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. 2014:March 2014:15(1) 55-58. 3 Paediatric Pain and Anaesthesia, April 2014 Scott Adam, Assistant Librarian, NHSGGC Library Network Analgesic procedures K. M. Adelgais and K. Brown. Pediatric prehospital pain management: Impact of advocacy and research. Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine. 2014:March 2014:15(1) 49-58. R. Admiraal, C. van Kesteren, J. J. Boelens, et al. Towards evidence-based dosing regimens in children on the basis of population pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic modelling. Arch.Dis.Child. 2014:Mar:99(3) 267-272. M. Ahmed, S. Modak and S. Sequeira. Acute pain relief after Mantram meditation in children with neuroblastoma undergoing anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody therapy. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 2014:Mar:36(2) 152-155. S. Ali, A. L. Chambers, D. W. Johnson, et al. Paediatric pain management practice and policies across Alberta emergency departments. Paediatrics and Child Health (Canada). 2014:April 2014:19(4) 190-194. K. Baley, K. Michalov, M. A. Kossick, et al. Intravenous acetaminophen and intravenous ketorolac for management of pediatric surgical pain: a literature review. AANA J. 2014:Feb:82(1) 53-64. R. Bengali, M. S. Huang and P. Gulur. The use of an intrathecal pump to manage intractable cancer pain in a pediatric patient: A case report. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 2014:April 2014:36(3) e162-e164. C. Boynton and S. I. Jaggar. Using audit to improve provision of analgesia for insertion of permanent pacemakers in children. Br.J.Hosp.Med. 2014:Mar:75(3) 166-169. A. G. Chidambaram, S. Manjula, B. Adhisivam, et al. Effect of Kangaroo mother care in reducing pain due to heel prick among preterm neonates: A crossover trial. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 2014:March 2014:27(5) 488-490. M. L. Czarnecki, K. Hainsworth, P. M. Simpson, et al. Is there an alternative to continuous opioid infusion for neonatal pain control? A preliminary report of parent/nurse-controlled analgesia in the neonatal intensive care unit. Paediatr.Anaesth. 2014:April 2014:24(4) 377385. M. C. Dorkham, G. A. Chalkiadis, B. S. Von Ungern Sternberg, et al. Effective postoperative pain management in children after ambulatory surgery, with a focus on tonsillectomy: Barriers and possible solutions. Paediatr.Anaesth. 2014:March 2014:24(3) 239-248. K. L. Ender, J. A. Krajewski, J. Babineau, et al. Use of a clinical pathway to improve the acute management of vaso-occlusive crisis pain in pediatric sickle cell disease. Pediatric Blood & Cancer. 2014:Apr:61(4) 693-696. T. Fregene. Magnesium sulphate and postoperative agitation in children: an analgesic effect?. Anaesthesia. 2014:Feb:69(2) 187-188. S. J. Friedrichsdorf and A. Postier. Management of breakthrough pain in children with cancer. Journal of Pain Research. 2014:07 Mar 2014:7117-123. B. Guaragni, A. Howell, F. U. Rehman, et al. Management of pain in ventilated neonates: Current evidence. Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom). 2014:January 2014:24(1) 32-37. 4 Paediatric Pain and Anaesthesia, April 2014 Scott Adam, Assistant Librarian, NHSGGC Library Network G. G. Guerra, C. M. T. Robertson, G. Y. Alton, et al. Neurotoxicity of sedative and analgesia drugs in young infants with congenital heart disease: 4-year follow-up. Paediatr.Anaesth. 2014:March 2014:24(3) 257-265. H. Gurnaney, F. W. Kraemer, L. Maxwell, et al. Ambulatory continuous peripheral nerve blocks in children and adolescents: a longitudinal 8-year single center study. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2014:Mar:118(3) 621-627. H. Hack. An audit of the use of an opiate sparing, multimodal analgesic regime in children with sleep disordered breathing/obstructive sleep apnoea undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Int.J.Pediatr.Otorhinolaryngol. 2014:January 2014:78(1) 119-123. M. -E Hogan, J. Probst, K. Wong, et al. A randomized-controlled trial of parent-led tactile stimulation to reduce pain during infant immunization injections. Clin.J.Pain. 2014:2014:30(3) 259-265. J. F. Jensen, M. Gottschau, V. D. Siersma, et al. Association of maternal self-medication and over-the-counter analgesics for children. Pediatrics. 2014:Feb:133(2) e291-8. N. Jimenez, D. L. Jackson, C. Zhou, et al. Postoperative pain management in children, parental english profi ciency, and access to interpretation. Hospital Pediatrics. 2014:January 2014:4(1) 23-30. E. J. Krane and D. Polaner. The safety and effectiveness of continuous peripheral nerve blockade in children. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2014:Mar:118(3) 499-500. B. S. Krauss, B. A. Krauss and S. M. Green. Videos in clinical medicine. Procedural sedation and analgesia in children. N.Engl.J.Med. 2014:Apr 10:370(15) e23. P. Lago, E. Garetti, A. Pirelli, et al. Sucrose for procedural pain control in infants: Should we change our practice?. Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. 2014:February 2014:103(2) e88-e90. J. Y. Lee and Y. Y. Jo. Attention to postoperative pain control in children. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology. 2014:March 2014:66(3) 183-188. M. B. M. Linhares, N. C. A. C. Oliveira, F. N. P. Doca, et al. Assessment and management of pediatric pain based on the opinions of health professionals. Psychology and Neuroscience. 2014:2014:7(1) 43-53. A. Lumba-Brown, J. Harley, S. Lucio, et al. Hypertonic saline as a therapy for pediatric concussive pain: A randomized controlled trial of symptom treatment in the emergency department. Pediatr.Emerg.Care. 2014:March 2014:30(3) 139-145. R. P. Maddox and R. A. Seupaul. Is ketamine effective for the management of acute asthma exacerbations in children?. Ann.Emerg.Med. 2014:Mar:63(3) 309-310. C. T. Matava, M. W. Crawford, C. Pehora, et al. Early postoperative patient-controlled analgesia ratio predicts 24-hour morphine consumption and pain in children undergoing scoliosis surgery. Journal of Opioid Management. 2014:2014:10(1) 39-45. C. McPherson and R. E. Grunau. Neonatal pain control and neurologic effects of anesthetics and sedatives in preterm infants. Clin.Perinatol. 2014:March 2014:41(1) 209227. 5 Paediatric Pain and Anaesthesia, April 2014 Scott Adam, Assistant Librarian, NHSGGC Library Network E. A. Michiels and J. D. Hoyle Jr. Sweet solutions and needle-related pain in infants. Ann.Emerg.Med. 2014:Mar:63(3) 300-301. K. Morrison, K. Herbst, S. Corbett, et al. Pain management practice patterns for common pediatric urology procedures. Urology. 2014:Jan:83(1) 206-210. J. R. Moss, M. F. Watcha, L. P. Bendel, et al. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled, single dose trial of the safety and efficacy of intravenous ibuprofen for treatment of pain in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy. Paediatr.Anaesth. 2014:May 2014:24(5) 483-489. B. N. Nielsen, S. M. Friis, J. Romsing, et al. Intranasal sufentanil/ketamine analgesia in children. Paediatr.Anaesth. 2014:February 2014:24(2) 170-180. S. Parry. Acute pain management in the neonate. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine. 2014:March 2014:15(3) 111-115. 6 Paediatric Pain and Anaesthesia, April 2014 Scott Adam, Assistant Librarian, NHSGGC Library Network Paediatric pain K. A. Birnie, L. Caes, A. C. Wilson, et al. A practical guide and perspectives on the use of experimental pain modalities with children and adolescents. Pain Management. 2014:March 2014:4(2) 97-111. J. M. Blake. A teen with chest pain. Pediatr.Clin.North Am. 2014:Feb:61(1) 17-28. J. Chou, C. -W Chan and G. A. Chalkiadis. Post-Thoracotomy Pain in Children and Adolescence: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Pain Medicine (United States). 2014:March 2014:15(3) 452-459. C. Chrysostomou, S. R. Schulman, M. Herrera Castellanos, et al. A phase II/III, multicenter, safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic study of dexmedetomidine in preterm and term neonates. J.Pediatr. 2014:Feb:164(2) 276-82.e1-3. A. Coenders, C. Chapman, P. Hannaford, et al. In search of risk factors for chronic pain in adolescents: A case-control study of childhood and parental associations. Journal of Pain Research. 2014:27 Mar 2014:7175-183. M. Connelly, R. D. Fulmer, J. Prohaska, et al. Predictors of postoperative pain trajectories in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine. 2014:01 Feb 2014:39(3) E174-E181. S. Cotton, C. M. Luberto, L. H. Bogenschutz, et al. Integrative care therapies and pain in hospitalized children and adolescents: A retrospective database review. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2014:01 Feb 2014:20(2) 98-102. C. Dampier, B. Ely, D. Brodecki, et al. Pain characteristics and age-related pain trajectories in infants and young children with sickle cell disease. Pediatric Blood & Cancer. 2014:Feb:61(2) 291-296. C. B. De Azevedo, L. R. Carenzi, D. L. C. De Queiroz, et al. Clinical utility of PPPM and FPSR to quantify post-tonsillectomy pain in children. Int.J.Pediatr.Otorhinolaryngol. 2014:February 2014:78(2) 296-299. A. E. E. De Jong, M. Bremer, R. Van Komen, et al. Pain in young children with burns: Extent, course and influencing factors. Burns. 2014:February 2014:40(1) 38-47. R. Dvorkin, J. Bair, H. Patel, et al. Is fever treated more promptly than pain in the pediatric emergency department?. J.Emerg.Med. 2014:March 2014:46(3) 327-334. T. Eidlitz-Markus, A. Zeharia, Y. Haimi-Cohen, et al. Occipital and craniocervical pain and brain MRI in children with migraine. Pediatr.Neurol. 2014:April 2014:50(4) 347-352. M. A. Escobar, D. Lustig, B. M. Pflugeisen, et al. Fructose intolerance/malabsorption and recurrent abdominal pain in children. J.Pediatr.Gastroenterol.Nutr. 2014:April 2014:58(4) 498-501. R. Esteve, V. Marquina-Aponte and C. Ramirez-Maestre. Postoperative pain in children: Association between anxiety sensitivity, pain catastrophizing, and female caregivers' responses to children's pain. Journal of Pain. 2014:February 2014:15(2) 157-168. D. Fender and B. Purushothaman. Spinal disorders in childhood I: Painful disorders. Surgery (United Kingdom). 2014:January 2014:32(1) 30-38. 7 Paediatric Pain and Anaesthesia, April 2014 Scott Adam, Assistant Librarian, NHSGGC Library Network G. A. Finley, J. M. Chorney and L. Campbell. Not small adults: The emerging role of pediatric pain services. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia. 2014:February 2014:61(2) 180-187. S. B. Freedman, J. Thull-Freedman, D. Manson, et al. Pediatric abdominal radiograph use, constipation, and significant misdiagnoses. J.Pediatr. 2014:Jan:164(1) 83-88.e2. J. Galinkin, J. L. Koh, Drugs Committee on, et al. Recognition and management of iatrogenically induced opioid dependence and withdrawal in children. Pediatrics. 2014:Jan:133(1) 152-155. S. Gibbins, B. J. Stevens, J. Yamada, et al. Validation of the Premature Infant Pain ProfileRevised (PIPP-R). Early Hum.Dev. 2014:April 2014:90(4) 189-193. J. M. Goddard. Chronic pain in Children and Young People. Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom). 2014:February 2014:24(2) 89-91. F. Grob, C. Campusano, R. Jaimovic, et al. Cervical pain and swelling due to an autonomous adenoma of the thyroid in an adolescent girl. J.Pediatr. 2014:Jan:164(1) 206207. J. W. Guite, S. Kim, C. -P Chen, et al. Pain beliefs and readiness to change among adolescents with chronic musculoskeletal pain and their parents before an initial pain clinic evaluation. Clin.J.Pain. 2014:January 2014:30(1) 27-35. J. W. Guite, S. Kim, C. -P Chen, et al. Treatment expectations among adolescents with chronic musculoskeletal pain and their parents before an initial pain clinic evaluation. Clin.J.Pain. 2014:January 2014:30(1) 17-26. M. Guzel, O. Salt, M. T. Demir, et al. Comparison of hyperpronation and supination-flexion techniques in children presented to emergency department with painful pronation. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2014:Mar-Apr:17(2) 201-204. M. Hamchou, M. Kothari, B. Sahari, et al. Segmental omental infarction: A rare cause of acute abdominal pain in children. Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy and Percutaneous Techniques. 2014:February 2014:24(1) e38-e40. S. Hammoud, N. Sgromolo and A. Atanda Jr. The approach to elbow pain in the pediatric and adolescent throwing athlete. Physician & Sportsmedicine. 2014:Feb:42(1) 52-68. J. P. Haran and L. Pezzella. A case of neck pain: The presentation of Chairi 1 malformations in children. Journal of Emergencies, Trauma and Shock. 2014:January-March 2014:7(1) 32-34. D. Harrison, C. Joly, C. Chretien, et al. Pain prevalence in a pediatric hospital: Raising awareness during Pain Awareness Week. Pain Research and Management. 2014:JanuaryFebruary 2014:19(1) e24-e30. T. Hechler, A. -K Ruhe, P. Schmidt, et al. Inpatient-based intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment for highly impaired children with severe chronic pain: Randomized controlled trial of efficacy and economic effects. Pain. 2014:January 2014:155(1) 118-128. G. Hirschfeld. Clinically meaningful changes in pain ratings: Why we need special cut points in children and adolescents. Pain Management. 2014:March 2014:4(2) 81-83. 8 Paediatric Pain and Anaesthesia, April 2014 Scott Adam, Assistant Librarian, NHSGGC Library Network E. S. Ho, J. Ponnuthurai and H. M. Clarke. The incidence of idiopathic musculoskeletal pain in children with upper extremity injuries. Journal of Hand Therapy. 2014:January-March 2014:27(1) 38-43. R. F. Howard, S. Wiener and S. M. Walker. Neuropathic pain in children. Arch.Dis.Child. 2014:Jan:99(1) 84-89. L. Jussila, M. Paananen, S. Nayha, et al. Psychosocial and lifestyle correlates of musculoskeletal pain patterns in adolescence: A 2-year follow-up study. European Journal of Pain (United Kingdom). 2014:January 2014:18(1) 139-146. Y. Kakisaka, T. Ohara, N. Hino-Fukuyo, et al. Abdominal and lower back pain in pediatric idiopathic stabbing headache. Pediatrics. 2014:Jan:133(1) e245-7. I. Keidan, A. Sidi, E. Ben-Menachem, et al. Inconsistency between simultaneous blood pressure measurements in the arm, forearm, and leg in anesthetized children. J.Clin.Anesth. 2014:2014:26(1) 52-57. G. Y. Lee, J. Yamada, O. Kyololo, et al. Pediatric clinical practice guidelines for acute procedural pain: A systematic review. Pediatrics. 2014:2014:133(3) 500-515. E. Limenis, H. A. Grosbein and B. M. Feldman. The relationship between physical activity levels and pain in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J.Rheumatol. 2014:February 2014:41(2) 345-351. D. Machnes-Maayan, M. Elazar, A. Apter, et al. Screening for psychiatric comorbidity in children with recurrent headache or recurrent abdominal pain. Pediatr.Neurol. 2014:January 2014:50(1) 49-56. S. Mohammad, C. Di Lorenzo, N. N. Youssef, et al. Assessment of abdominal pain through global outcomes and recent fda recommendations in children: Are we ready for change?. J.Pediatr.Gastroenterol.Nutr. 2014:January 2014:58(1) 46-50. A. Naveed and P. Heinz. Joint pain in children. Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom). 2014:February 2014:24(2) 45-50. J. D. O'Leary, M. W. Crawford, I. Odame, et al. Thermal pain and sensory processing in children with sickle cell disease. Clin.J.Pain. 2014:2014:30(3) 244-250. S. Pro, S. Tarantino, A. Capuano, et al. Primary headache pathophysiology in children: the contribution of clinical neurophysiology. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2014:Jan:125(1) 6-12. J. A. Rabbitts, A. L. Holley, C. W. Karlson, et al. Bidirectional associations between pain and physical activity in adolescents. Clin.J.Pain. 2014:2014:30(3) 251-258. S. Ramchandren, M. Jaiswal, E. Feldman, et al. Effect of pain in pediatric inherited neuropathies. Neurology. 2014:04 Mar 2014:82(9) 793-797. M. Ranger and R. E. Grunau. Early repetitive pain in preterm infants in relation to the developing brain. Pain Management. 2014:January 2014:4(1) 57-67. A. Ravishankar, R. Thawani, P. Dewan, et al. Oral dextrose for analgesia in neonates during nasogastric tube insertion: A randomised controlled trial. J.Paediatr.Child Health. 2014:February 2014:50(2) 141-145. 9 Paediatric Pain and Anaesthesia, April 2014 Scott Adam, Assistant Librarian, NHSGGC Library Network C. F. Roman-Rodriguez, T. Toussaint, D. J. Sherlock, et al. Pre-emptive penile ring block with sucrose analgesia reduces pain response to neonatal circumcision. Urology. 2014:April 2014:83(4) 893-898. S. Sadhasivam, V. Chidambaran, V. A. Olbrecht, et al. Genetics of pain perception,COMT and postoperative pain management in children. Pharmacogenomics. 2014:February 2014:15(3) 277-284. F. Sbaraglia, N. Mores, R. Garra, et al. Phenylephrine eye drops in pediatric patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery: Incidence, presentation, and management of complications during general anesthesia. Paediatr.Anaesth. 2014:April 2014:24(4) 400-405. T. Shams, H. Al Wadani, R. El-Masry, et al. Effect of prophylactic vitamin D on anesthetic outcome in children with sickle cell disease. Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology. 2014:January-March 2014:30(1) 20-24. S. J. Shymon, B. Yaszay, J. R. Dwek, et al. Altered disc compression in children with idiopathic low back pain: An upright magnetic resonance imaging backpack study. Spine. 2014:01 Feb 2014:39(3) 243-248. D. W. Simon, R. S. B. Clark and R. R. S. Watson. No pain, no gain in pediatric Sepsis*. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. 2014:March 2014:15(3) 264-266. P. M. Singh, A. Trikha, R. Sinha, et al. Sevoflurane induction procedure: cost comparison between fixed 8% versus incremental techniques in pediatric patients. AANA J. 2014:Feb:82(1) 32-37. S. M. Smith, B. Sumar and K. A. Dixon. Musculoskeletal pain in overweight and obese children. Int.J.Obes. 2014:January 2014:38(1) 11-15. C. Sola, O. Choquet, O. Prodhomme, et al. Management of mediastinal syndromes in pediatrics: A new challenge of ultrasound guidance to avoid high-risk general anesthesia. Paediatr.Anaesth. 2014:May 2014:24(5) 534-537. B. J. Stevens, S. Gibbins, J. Yamada, et al. The premature infant pain profile-revised (PIPPR): Initial validation and feasibility. Clin.J.Pain. 2014:2014:30(3) 238-243. B. J. Stevens, J. Yamada, C. A. Estabrooks, et al. Pain in hospitalized children: Effect of a multidimensional knowledge translation strategy on pain process and clinical outcomes. Pain. 2014:January 2014:155(1) 60-68. S. H. Stuhr, D. H. Earnshaw and A. M. Duncombe. Use of orthopedic manual physical therapy to manage chronic orofacial pain and tensiontype headache in an adolescent. Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy. 2014:2014:22(1) 51-58. S. Suresh, A. Sawardekar and R. Shah. Ultrasound for Regional Anesthesia in Children. Anesthesiology Clinics. 2014:March 2014:32(1) 263-279. K. A. Sutters and G. Isaacson. Posttonsillectomy pain in children. Am.J.Nurs. 2014:quiz 43; Feb:114(2) 36-42. L. E. Swischuk. Musculoskeletal: What's different in children? Stubbed toe; pain for 2 days. Emergency Radiology. 2014:April 2014:21(2) 189-190. L. E. Swischuk. Musculoskeletal: What is different in children? Playing at school: Falls into bleachers: Left arm pain. 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Sources used for this bulletin : Medline, Embase, Journals @ Ovid Full Text, EBSCO Biomedical Reference Collection 11 Paediatric Pain and Anaesthesia, April 2014 Scott Adam, Assistant Librarian, NHSGGC Library Network