Psychology 21 –Developmental Psychology: The Child
Dr. Kent T. Yamauchi
Chapter 8: Early Childhood: Biosocial Development
(Berger, The Developing Person Through Childhood and Adolescence, 9th Edition)
Body Changes
Growth Patterns
Nutrition
Nutritional Deficiencies
Oral Health
Hazards of the “Just Right” Phenomenon
Figure 8.1: Young Children’s Insistence on Routine
Childhood Overeating
Brain Development
Figure 8.2: Connections
Speed of Thought
Figure 8.3: Faster and Faster
Connecting the Brain’s Hemispheres
Left-Handed Child
The Whole Brain
Figure 8.4: Copy What You See
Planning and Analyzing
Maturation of the Prefrontal Cortex
Impulsiveness and Perseveration
Emotions and the Brain
Three Brain Parts
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Hypothalamus
Figure 8.4: A Hormonal Feedback Loop
Stress and the Limbic System
Improved Motor Skills
At About This Time: Motor Skills at Ages 2-6
Gross Motor Skills
Specific Skills
Environmental Hazards
Fine Motor Skills
Artistic Expression
Injuries and Abuse
Avoidable Injury
Age-Related Dangers
Injury Control
Prevention
Levels of Prevention
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
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Tertiary Prevention
Figure 8.6: While the Population Grew
A Case to Study: “My Baby Swallowed Poison”
Child Maltreatment
Maltreatment Noticed and Defined
Figure 8.7: Still Far Too Many
Frequency of Maltreatment
Figure 8.8: Getting Better?
Warning Signs
Table 8.1: Signs of Maltreatment in Children Aged 2 to 10
Consequences of Maltreatment
A View From Science: Emotions Are Hard to Heal
Three Levels of Prevention, Again
Summary
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