SCHOOL OF HORTICULTURE, HAIRDRESSING & APPLIED THERAPIES
Level 2 Certificate in Cosmetic Make – Up and
Beauty Consultancy
Unit UV20419 – Provide Eyelash and Brow
Treatments
Course Notes
Student Name: ____________________________
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Assess Client and Prepare Treatment Plans.
It is important for a consultation to take place with every client
before treatment begins. Once the therapist has managed to find
out why the client has come to the salon, treatments can be
planned accordingly.
The main aims of the consultation are to:
 Put the client at ease.
 Establish a good relationship.
 Find out what the client wants.
 Ensure that there are no contra-indications for treatment.
 Discuss treatment options.
 Agree a realistic treatment plan.
 Answer the client’s questions.
 Sell the client appropriate treatments and products.
Clients are unlikely to understand many of the treatments fully,
until they are explained by a professional therapist. The more you
explain to a client, the more evidence you provide of your technical
knowledge, this obviously will result in the client having more
confidence in your advice and faith in your professional judgment.
When a therapist recommends a treatment or a course of
treatments, the client must be informed of why these treatments
are necessary, what costs are involved and what the benefits
would be. Frequency of treatments and homecare products can
also be discussed.
Information is usually obtained at the consultation stage by asking
questions relevant to the clients needs and by assessing the area
to be treated. Listen carefully to your client, keeping eye contact
and develop the responses they give, perhaps gaining more
information about particular areas that need to be re-addresses
e.g. medical history or medication taken.
Details of the client’s details may be needed in an emergency,
health and medication details are important to know when
assessing client suitability for treatment. Such details are
necessary for making accurate treatment decisions in the
assessment of client’s skin type and in other diagnostic treatments.
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Contra-indications need to be asked and recorded immediately.
Should the client have a medical condition that contra-indicates
treatment, it is important that the therapist refers the client to her
GP, without unduly worrying her.
The therapist should not under any circumstance attempt to
diagnose any medical condition herself and referral to a clients GP
when seeking clarification that the client can proceed with
treatment should be formally addressed, without naming any
specific contra-indications. Assessing the client prior to treatment
provides the therapist with an accurate diagnosis and more
effective treatment plan.
Assessment can take place immediately after consultation, with
treatment following afterwards or an assessment can take place
during a treatment i.e. eyebrow shaping assessment given after a
cleanse and skin diagnosis.
The nature of the assessment will depend on the area concerned
and instruction needs to be given to the client about undressing or
positioning on the couch. Examination of the area must be
completed in good light, therefore a magnifying lens could be
used. The therapist needs to question client specifically about what
the assessment brings to light, (treatment needs or skin
conditions).
It may also be necessary to establish during the consultation and
assessment stage, the need for delaying the treatment, should the
client require a patch test for eyelash tinting or false lash
application.
Remember that a tint/adhesive patch test should take place at
least 24/48 hours before the treatment is undertaken, this is to
establish the clients reaction to the product. Should the result be
positive (itchy, red, swollen on the patch test area) then the
treatment obviously must not be given.
It is therefore essential to give a patch test to new clients wishing
to book an appointment for eyelash tinting and false lash
application well in advance.
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Prepare the work area and the client for Eyebrow and Eyelash
Treatment
The treatment plan should be in agreement with both the therapist
and the client, it should state clearly the benefits and probable
outcomes. The client’s expectations of the treatment must be
realistic and if this is not the case, the therapist must tactfully
explain why the client’s wishes are likely to be unrealistic.
Preparation of the working area and the client is of importance as
usually it may be of one of the initial impressions received by the
client before treatment itself commences.
A well prepared working area with a well equipped neat trolley and
a clean laid out couch, will instil confidence in the client about the
therapist and subsequently the salons ability to fulfil a highly
effective hygienic treatment.
Points to Note and Carry Out.
The level of lighting, heating and ventilation should be conducive
to the treatment needs of the client. In addition:
 The couch and trolley should be prepared well in advance,
before the client enters the salon.
 Clean, sterilised instruments are taken from the autoclave in
view of the client and returned after treatment for further
sterilisation.
 The therapist must wash their hands just before commencing
the treatment. In ADDITION – remember – sterilisation and
hygiene procedures should not only be done, they should be
SEEN to be done.
 Disposable spatulas, dressing tissue, cotton wool, must be
disposed of hygienically in appropriately SHARPS BAG to
avoid cross infection.
 It is imperative that the therapist re-enforces and promotes
all hygiene standards, not only through work, but also in a
professional image. A clean, well ironed uniform, hair tied
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back neatly, no jewellery (wedding band permitted), no nail
varnish and no nail extensions.
 The therapist must explain to the client, the treatment
requirements i.e. state of undress. Jewellery to be removed
and appropriate position on the couch. Client discomfort
caused through ineffective positioning can lead to poor
treatment results and risk of injury to client and therapist.
 All equipment and materials used for each treatment must be
placed and positioned for ease of use and comply with the
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and COSHH 1992.
 A warm friendly manner is adopted towards the client
through the initial preparation stages and through each
treatment given. Full explanations and procedures must be
explained as the therapist is actually performing the
treatment.
 All contra- indications to each treatment must also be
assessed visually during consultation as well as before
treatment commences, and contra-actions if any must be
explained before hand.
Shape the Eyebrows to Meet Client Requirements
Well shaped eyebrows will give the face more definition and
accentuate the eyes.
Eyebrow shaping is incorporated within a full facial treatment, but
can be also be an individual minor treatment. If the client wished to
have an eyelash/eyebrow tinting treatment then eyebrow shaping
would be carried out after tinting.
During the consultation with the client, it is important to draw
attention to the client’s expectations of the eyebrow shaping
treatment. Are they realistic or unrealistic about the treatment
outcomes.
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The main guidelines therefore to follow and consider would be:
 The natural shape of the eyebrows and face shape of the
client.
 Client wishes and expectations.
 The changing fashion trends.
 The client lifestyle (how much time she has to spend on
herself).
Once the consultation has been completed, the area needs to be
cleansed and visually assessed before treatment starts, checking
that:
 There are no contra-indications present.
 Whether the desired shape would be the most effective for
the clients face shape and ability to maintain at home.
 Measurement of eyebrows must be carried out before the
treatment starts and this gives an accurate guideline to help
in the measurement of an eyebrow shape.
Eyebrow shaping can compliment or correct natural eyebrow
shape, therefore by removing excess hair, not only from the
natural shape if necessary but the finer hairs which grow further
down the eye socket; the skin becomes smoother and more
suitable for make-up.
Eyebrow shapes come in and out of fashion regularly but most
clients would prefer advice and guidance on the shape that would
suit them.
Contra-indications to Eyebrow Shaping Treatment




Cuts, bruises and abrasions.
Any eye disorders e.g. conjunctivitis and styes.
Any Skin irritation or hypersensitivity around the eye area.
Recent scar tissue.
* REMEMBER A CONTRA-INDICATION IS A REASON FOR
NOT GIVING A TREATMENT
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Contra-actions to eyebrow Shaping
The main contra-action would be an erythema reaction but may be
irritation or watering eyes.
The therapist must explain contra-indications and possible contraactions to the client before treatment commences.
* REMEMBER A CONTRA-ACTION USUALLY OCCURS AS A
RESULT OF TREATMENT
Method of Work
1. Remove all make-up from the eye area. PUT GLOVES ON.
2. Tweezers should be sterilised in an autoclave.
3. Use a tiny amount of surgical spirit on a square of damp
cotton wool, and wipe against the hair growth then with the
hair growth.
4. Assess eyebrow area and measure (follow the diagram) the
existing natural shape.
5. Apply hot damp pads of cotton wool (this relaxes the
follicles). Brush with the hair growth using a disposable
mascara wand.
6. Tweezing should begin between the bridge of the nose,
where the skin is less sensitive. The mid and index fingers
should keep the skin taut, working outwards in the direction
of growth. (By keeping the skin taut can help to deaden pain
nerve endings).
7. Remove any odd, strong or discoloured hair that may spoil
the desired shape.
8. Consult with client at frequent intervals.
9. Check for sign of skin sensitivity and client discomfort. Apply
witchhazel to soothe the area during shaping. Do not
continue if there is an extreme reaction to treatment.
10.
Brush brows into shape regularly and at the end of the
treatment.
11.
Offer the client a hand mirror to examine brows. Any
readjustments to the brow area will need to be warmed
again.
12.
Apply antiseptic, soothing lotion in small amounts (to
avoid getting it in the eye) with damp cotton to the area.
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Homecare Advice
The client should be aware of any contra-actions to treatment at
the start. Eyebrow shaping contra-actions such as erythema,
should be treated in the salon with a soothing, antiseptic cream.
The client should be advised of homecare.
a) Any redness/erythema should subside after a few hours.
b) Client advised to apply antiseptic if erythema continues.
c) Refrain from heat treatments, touching, applying make-up or
perfumed products to the area, for up to 12 hours.
Follow up Treatments
A regular fortnightly eyebrow trim is usually all that is required
once the client’s eyebrow shape has been achieved.
Measuring Diagram
It is essential to take the correct measurement of the brows prior to
shaping.
The highest point of
the arch
Where the eyebrows
should commence
Where the eyebrow
should finish
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Angular Shape
An angled eyebrow has a sharp arch going up, then a dramatic
slope coming back down. This shape works well for round faces,
as it can help add depth and dimension. However, you must be
careful not to make the angle too extreme, or you may end up
looking constantly angry.
Arched Shape
An arched (also referred to as sweeping) eyebrow looks just like it
sounds. It has a gentle arch that curves slightly upwards for most
of the eye, and then gently slopes downward towards the outer
eye. An arched shape is flattering on most face shapes as it gives
width and expression to the eye. It can help to balance a
prominent nose or a large mouth as it opens up the eye. This
shape works for most faces, but is particularly useful for opening
up a low brow line.
A Rounded Shape
A round/curved eyebrow is basically a half circle. The area that
slopes upward and the area that slopes downward are just about
even in proportion. This shape is wonderful for making angular
faces seem softer and eyes brighter. This is ideal for large eyes or
a wide forehead.
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Low-arched shape
A flat, or low-arched, eyebrow has very little curve to it and goes
along a basic, almost straight line. This brow shape looks good on
people with widely spaced eyes or long faces, as it minimizes
overall distance and helps your eyes appear slightly closer
together. This is also ideal for a low or small forehead.
Eyebrow Problems
Bare sparse brows
Fill in with pencil. Use short feathery strokes in the direction of hair
growth. Blend with an eyebrow brush. Sharpen pencil between
each eyebrow to prevent cross-infection.
Stray Hairs
Remove stray hairs with tweezers in between salon treatment.
Thin brows
Pencil or powder shading can be applied to make the brows look
thicker. Ensure the colour is the same as the client’s brows and
correct blending reduces harsh lines.
Wild stubborn brows
Tweeze stray hairs and comb or brush through. Ensure that over
tweezing does not occur or brows will have bald patches. Use an
eyebrow product that can help the lashes stay in place.
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Tint Eyebrows and Lashes to Meet Client Requirements
This treatment enhances the client’s general appearance by giving
definition to the eye area. It has become a popular treatment for
clients of all ages, particularly for those who find difficulty in
applying mascara or those with fair eyelashes and brows.
Eyelash and eyebrow tinting should be recommended to clients
who
 Definition of lash and brows.
 Gives appearance of lashes/brows looking bolder yet natural.
 For clients who prefer not to wear or allergic to mascara.
 Ideal where make-up is not acceptable in work or participate
in a lot of sports.
 Where clients cannot apply mascara.
 To darken lashes.
 Spectacle or contact wearers.
 Hair tinted a darker colour.
 Due to go on holiday.
 Naturally fair haired.
Patch Test
 Also known as skin sensitivity test, hypersensitivity test or
predisposition test.
 Must be carried out 24 hours prior to treatment.
 Clients maybe sensitive to the tint and produce an allergic
reaction – immediately or later.
 A patch test must be carried out prior to each tinting
treatment – behind the ear or crook of the elbow. Treatment
and results must be recorded on the client’s record card. If a
positive result occurs, suggest soothing lotion and GP advice
if symptoms persist.
 Positive result – swelling, irritation, erythema.
DO NOT PROCEED
 Negative result – no reaction and treatment can be carried
out.
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Take care not to irritate the eyes before an eyelash tinting
treatment or they may be too sensitive for you to carry on. Use a
special eye make up remover which will dissolve and remove
mascara quickly and gently, however avoid oily products as grease
on the lashes can act as a barrier to the tint.
Contact lenses must not be worn by the client during an eyelash
tinting treatment. The client should be advised beforehand to bring
in some soaking solution and a container for their lenses so that
they can be kept safely on the trolley during treatment.
Tinting Products
Colours
Choice of colours of tint:- Black,
Brown
Blue
Grey
Tints are available in different forms – jelly, liquid, cream.
Cream/gel is advisable as it is thicker in consistency and does not
run into the eye.
The choice of colour is a matter of preference and can depend on:
 Client’s overall skin and hair colouring.
 Type of eye make-up worn.
 Age of client.
As clients grow more mature, they lose a lot of natural colour from
hair and eyes, therefore a brown or grey tint would be preferable to
black for a softer more natural effect. It is also important to
remember that:
• Blonde hair colours easily and requires less development
time.
• Red hair is more resistant to tinting and may require a longer
development time.
• Grey hair can be resistant to tinting and will require a longer
development time.
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• Eyelash tints contain vegetable dyes and are relatively safe
chemical dyes.
It is essential to use a tint that is permitted by EU regulations
and complies with The Cosmetic Products (safety)
Regulations 2003. Use of other tinting products will invalidate
insurance.
Peroxide
 10 volume (vol) or 3% strength only is used.
 Hydrogen peroxide will not work if it has ‘gone off’. This
means that it has lost its strength (and its oxygen). This
occurs if it is not stored properly and is left exposed to the
air.
The following guidelines must be followed:
 Keep the container closed tightly.
 Replace lid immediately after use.
 Measure out the exact amount of hydrogen peroxide you
need and never pour any excess back into the bottle.
 Mix the tint immediately before use.
 Store hydrogen peroxide in a dark coloured glass bottle in an
upright position ideally a cool dark place.
How the Tinting Process Works
 Small molecules of permanent dye called toluenediamine
are found in tint.
 Hydrogen peroxide is known as an oxidant.
TINT + HYDROGEN PEROXIDE = OXIDISATION
Mix tint immediately before use
Always replace the lid of the hydrogen peroxide
immediately after use or it will lose its strength and its shelf
life is reduced. Replace the lid on the tint or this will cause the
tint to oxidise.
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Failure to follow the above will result in a poor/non-effective
treatment and a very unhappy client. Resulting in repeating
the treatment or loss of custom
How The Colour Develops
Small dye molecules
are mixed with
hydrogen peroxide
which pass through
the cuticle and into
the cortex
Small dye molecules
swell and join
together and
become permanently
trapped in the
cortex
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When the tint and hydrogen peroxide is mixed, a chemical reaction
occurs. When the tint is mixed and is applied to the hair, the
particles are small enough to pass through the cuticle and enter
the cortex. The chemical reaction continues, during development
time, where the particles swell and become larger and are trapped
in the cortex. This process is known as oxidisation. The hair
colour is now permanent and will remain until it has grown out.
If using two colour tints, ensure they are thoroughly mixed and
then add the hydrogen peroxide.
Mixing Ratio:
1cm tint = 2/3 drops peroxide
2cm tint = 4/5 drops peroxide
Development Times
LASHES
Hair
Colours
Colours
EYEBROWS
Time
Colours
Time
Blonde
Black
Brown
Blue/black
Brown/black
10 mins
Brown
on/off
Dark
Brown/black
Black
Blue/black
15 mins
Brown
Black
3-5 mins
Red
Brown/black
Black
Grey
Brown
Grey
10-15 mins Brown with
a hint of
grey.
10 mins
Grey
Brown
3-5 mins
On/off
Reapply if
resistant grey
hairs
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Treatment Procedure (lash and brow tinting)
1. Remove contact lenses if the client wears them.
2. Cleanse off eyelash and eyebrow area using a non-oily eye
make-up remover.
3. Apply petroleum jelly underneath the bottom lashes (take
care not to apply petroleum jelly to the lashes).
4. Place cotton wool or shields underneath the lower lashes (to
both eyes).
5. Mix the tint for the lashes (1cm tint + 3 drops peroxide).
6. Apply the tint with a brush or orange sticks to the bottom
lashes of both eyes, then, close the eyes.
7. Apply petroleum jelly to the eyelids (ensure there is no
petroleum jelly on the hairs).
8. Apply tint to the top lashes which are interlocked with the
bottom lashes, painting down onto the cotton wool.
9. Apply damp circles to cover the eyes so that client will not
open them.
10.
Note the time for correct development.
11.
Brush each eyebrow upwards.
12.
Apply petroleum jelly around the brows.
13.
Mix the tint required for the eyebrows.
14.
Apply the tint with a brush – aim at the roots first, then
apply to the ends of the hair, smoothing the brow hairs to
their natural shape. Apply using a light pressure to avoid
getting tint onto the skin.
15.
Note the time for correct development.
16.
To remove tint from the eyebrows – wipe with the
growth to remove the excess tint and the wipe against the
growth to remove tint from the roots.
17.
Brush brows into place.
18.
To remove tint from the lashes – remove top and
bottom of cotton wool pads/ shields together (from both eyes
together).
19.
Remove excess tint from the lashes with damp cotton
wool and cotton buds.
20.
Check results with the client.
21.
Give the correct client feedback.
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Contra-actions
A contra-action is an adverse during or after treatment. Record
outcomes on the clients record card.
A normal contra-action is erythema and slight tingling sensation. A
severe contra-action can show as burning, itching, swelling and
severe erythema.
Possible Problems
Poor results due to:
 Make-up or grease on lashes (acts as a barrier to the tint).
 Tint is old.
 Peroxide has lost its strength.
 Tint and peroxide incorrectly mixed.
 Incorrect development time.
 Poor application – blonde roots visible due to lack of care
during application.
 Skin is stained with tint due to poor protection with the use of
barrier cream.
Aftercare
It is essential that aftercare is always given to the client. This
shows therapist professionalism and prevents clients taking legal
action if this care is not given.
 Avoid touching/rubbing immediately after treatment.
 If redness/irritation occurs – apply a cold compress.
 Avoid strong sunlight as this can fade the lashes.
The effects of the treatment should last for between 4 – 6
weeks.
Eye Irrigation
There are times when tint can accidentally get into the client’s eye.
It is important not to panic your eye bath is already prepared on
your trolley.
The client will be stating discomforts of stinging and/or burning.
Keep your client calm and explain that you will carry out an eye
irrigation procedure to alleviate the symptoms of discomfort.
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What you should do:
 Stop applying tint.
 Remove the pads immediately and remove as much tint as
possible. This must be done very quickly to relieve client
discomfort.
 Tilt the clients head to one side and trickle distilled water into
the corner of the eye. This ensures the eye is irrigated with
water to remove the foreign body.
 Use a tissue to collect the excess water.
 Apply a cool cotton wool compress to cool and soothe the
eye.
Apply Artificial Eyelashes
Artificial eyelashes make the eyes larger and more expressive but
they will appear harsh and theatrical unless applied skilfully. The
length and density of the false eyelashes will determine how
natural the final result is.
Whether or not you should apply false eyelashes will ultimately
depend on the client. Many people are unable to wear them
because of the sensitivity of the area, others find that they are too
conscious that there is something artificial on their eye. It is up to
the therapist to make the client aware of the afore mentioned and
to enquire whether she has had any previous experience of
allergic reactions around the eye area.
For photographic work, false eyelashes are a necessity and are
part of the make-up procedure.
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Patch Test
 It is essential that a patch test is carried out 24 hours before
treatment for both strip and individual lashes. Apply a small
amount of adhesive behind the ear. Wash off if a positive
reaction occurs, suggest soothing lotion and GP advice if
symptoms persist and note results on the clients record card.
 Positive result – swelling, irritation, erythema.
DO NOT PROCEED
 Negative result – no reaction and treatment can be carried
out.
Contra-Indications
The same contra-indications as all eye treatments apply to false
lash application.
The Benefits of Artificial Lashes
It is essential to discuss with the client if they wish to have to have
a natural or dramatic look.
False lashes are designed to emphasise and enhance the eyes, by
creating a fuller look to the natural lash and a defined appearance.
The main benefits are:
 Clients allergic to tint and mascara.
 Special occasion.
 Make natural lashes look longer and fuller.
 Define the eyes.
 For photographic/evening/fantasy make-up.
 To aid a corrective make-up.
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Effects
Deep-set eyes
Lashes – Fine pointed.
Application – Upper and lower lashes.
Reasons – Added definition to the eye.
Round eye
Lashes – Individual lashes.
Application – Centre of the eye, outwards.
Reason – Thicken lash line.
Small eyes
Lashes – individual.
Application - outer corner of eye.
Reason – makes the eyes look larger.
Close-set eyes
Lashes - individual.
Application – outer third of the eye.
Reason – widening the eye.
During the client consultation, the therapist must establish what the
client’s expectations are. Unrealistic client expectations must be
explained to the client why it is not achievable and discuss and
alternative solution.
Points to Consider
 Client’s age – can be too harsh on an older client.
 Client’s natural lashes – ensure the false lashes complement
the client’s own lashes.
 Special occasion – individual for corrective and strip for
fantasy.
 Lash maintenance – removal and care of lashes.
 Timing – Strip, 10 minutes. Individual 20-30 minutes.
 Further treatments – strip, apply daily. Individual (3-6 weeks).
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Application of Strip Lashes
1. Apply mascara if required to natural eyelashes having
completed the eye make-up to the eyeliner stage.
2. Ensure lashes are clean and naturally curled (trimming may
be necessary).
3. Apply a thin layer of adhesive to the base of false lash.
4. Hold lashes with tweezers and place as close to the natural
eyelashes as possible.
5. Gently press false lash into place using an orange stick –
from inner corner of the eye to outside.
6. Face the client from the front of the couch and with client’s
eyes closed, check the lash fitting and ensure eyes remain
closed while adhesive sets and to prevent it from entering
the eye.
7. Show the client.
8. Continue make-up application – eyeliner and mascara (if not
applied previously.
Removal of Strip Lashes
 Strip lashes must be removed daily to avoid shape distortion.
 To remove each lash support the side of the eye and gently
pull lash from the outer to inner corner.
 Clean the lashes. Human hair – use maufacturer’s cleaner
or 70% alcohol. Synthetic lashes – soak in warm soapy
water and rinse.
 Lashes need curling after cleaning – place on a tissue and
wrap round a pencil for ½ hour. Once curled – place in the
original container.
Individual Lashes
 Applying lashes where they are needed to give thickness
and length to sparse natural lashes. The effect should be
natural.
 Cleanse eye area with an oil free cleanser.
 Select colour close to clients lash colour.
 Select length.
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 Use tweezers dip false lash into a tiny amount of adhesive
and place each lash at the client’s natural eyelash root.
Follow the natural curve of the eyelid.
 Shorter lashes are applied at the inner/outer corner of the
eye and longer ones at the centre.
 When the glue has dried, comb through the lashes to blend
in with the natural lash.
 Apply eye make-up.
 This will last approximately 2-4 weeks and may grow out
with the natural hair.
 If lashes need to be removed a special solvent must be
used.
 The client must be advised of either purchasing a solvent for
home use or to attend the salon to remove the false lashes.
Maintenance of flare lashes
These are designed to last for up to 2-4 weeks. However it is
essential that client’s follow specific homecare to maximise the
length of results.
 Avoid showering for several immediately after treatment.
 Eye make-up can be applied in the normal way. However, on
oil free eye cleanser must be used as oil will loosen the false
lash.
 Do not rub the eye and avoid touching (at least 12 hours) the
lashes as this can dislodge false lash.
 Mascara is difficult to remove as it clogs the false lash.
 Avoid extreme temperatures – sauna (at least 12 hours).
 Use a cotton bud dipped in solvent and roll down the lashes
onto a tissue until the false lash has removed.
 Contra-actions must be explained.
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Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the mucous
membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the white of the
eyeball. Symptoms of conjunctivitis include inflammation, redness,
sore, pus, burning, and itching. It can occur in one eye or both.
Some individuals complain of a feeling of grittiness in the eye.
Bacterial conjunctivitis is highly contagious and GP advice is
needed.
Stye
A stye is a swelling on your eyelid, usually caused by an infection
of one of more of the sebacoeus glands of the hair follicles (the
root of the eyelash) in the eyelid. The infection collects as a small
abscess or pus-filled sac, which feels like a hard painful spot or
lump on the eyelid. As the pus gathers, it can be seen as a yellow
colour under the thin surface skin. The cause is usually a type of
bacteria called staphylococci and GP advice is needed.
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Impetigo
• This is a bacterial infection of the upper layers on the skin.
• Skin is red, itchy and blisters, which weep, then dry to form a
yellow crust.
• Highly contagious. Treatment by doctor is necessary.
Psoriasis
• A common skin disorder, its cause is unknown.
• Thought that it can be inherited or caused by stress.
• The most common affected areas are the elbows, knees
and back.
Its appearance is:
Dull, red papules round or oval
in shape.
Well defined margins covered
in silvery scales.
A rapid production of skin cells
and a tendency of these cells to
cling together cause the
excessive scaling and flaking.
Psoriasis is not contagious.
Psoriasis is not contagious
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