Chapter 22 Review
The Precambrian Earth
What information about Earth’s
materials can be inferred by their
arrangement in layers, as shown here?
1. their relative
densities
2. their order of
formation
3. their relative ages
4. their temperatures
th
ei
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tie
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fo
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n
0% 0% 0% 0%
Which point on this time line should be
labeled “Formation of Earth?”
0%
0%
D
0%
C
0%
B
A
B
C
D
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
Which line best represents the level of
oxygen gas in the atmosphere during the
Proterozoic?
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
B
C
D
0%
0%
A
B
0%
C
0%
D
Which graph correctly represents the
relationship of the Precambrian to the
total age of Earth?
A
B
C
D
0%
D
0%
C
0%
B
0%
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
What discovery would weaken the primordial
soup hypothesis of the origin of life?
1. Lightning was common on early Earth.
2. Earth’s early atmosphere contained
carbon dioxide, water, and trace gases.
3. Earth’s early oceans were warm and
shallow.
4. Asteroid impacts were uncommon when
life is presumed to have begun.
we
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A scientist can assume that this
life form did not exist during
the Precambrian
because________.
it is unicellular
it contains a nucleus
it contains RNA and DNA
it has a cell membrane
e
it
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la
r
0% 0% 0% 0%
it
1.
2.
3.
4.
What characteristic of Ediacaran biota leads
scientists to think that these organisms do
NOT represent relatives of present day
animals?
1. lack of a mouth, anus, or gut
2. shapes that are dissimilar to
all living organisms
3. structures that were used for
movement
4. lack of nuclei
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a
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th
,
ta
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us
,..
.
0% 0% 0% 0%
Which summarizes the relationship between
density of an element and its distribution in Earth?
1. The greater an element’s density, the
greater the amount of it found in the crust.
2. The denser an element is, the smaller the
amount of it in Earth’s core.
3. The lower an element’s density, the smaller
the amount of it found in the crust.
4. The greater an element’s density, the
smaller the amount of it found in the crust.
0% 0% 0% 0%
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Which diagram best represents the
relationship of the landmass of Archean
cratons to the total landmass of Earth?
0%
0%
D
0%
B
0%
C
A
B
C
D
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
Which best summarizes the change in
number and size of microcontinents
during the Proterozoic?
1. the number of microcontinents
increased and the size increased
2. the number of microcontinents
increased and the size decreased
3. the number of microcontinents
decreased and the size increased
4. the number of microcontinents
decreased and the size decreased
.
c..
.
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of
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be
r
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th
th
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be
r
of
mi
cro
c..
.
0% 0% 0% 0%
The oldest known mineral on
Earth is ____.
1.
2.
3.
4.
fluorite
mica
zircon
quartz
0%
e
rit
o
flu
0%
m
a
ic
0%
rc
zi
on
0%
a
qu
rtz
An organism composed of a single cell
that does not contain a nucleus and is the
simplest kind of cell is a(n) ____.
eu
ka
0%
im
al
an
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ry
o
te
ar
yo
0%
an
0%
te
0%
br
yo
prokaryote
eukaryote
bryozoan
animal
pr
ok
1.
2.
3.
4.
The process by which volcanoes vent
water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen,
and other substances is called ____.
1.
2.
3.
4.
oxidation
glaciation
differentiation
outgassing
0%
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0%
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tg
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as
g
in
Cyanobacteria use the process of ____
to produce energy, and oxygen is given
off as a waste product.
1.
2.
3.
4.
oxidation
differentiation
photosynthesis
glaciation
0%
ox
io
at
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i
0%
n
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ia
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p
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to
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0%
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0%
is
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____ have been found in the waters of
hydrothermal vents, suggesting that proteins
and nucleic acids could have formed there
during the Archean.
in
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A
N
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0%
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0%
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0%
D
Amino acids
RNA molecules
DNA molecules
Dissolved minerals
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ancient continent that contained core
of modern-day North America
1. asteroid
2. banded iron formation
3. Canadian shield
4. Laurentia
5. meteorite
6. Precambrian shield
7. red bed
as
iro
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nd
ba
0%
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Continental core of Archean and
Proterozoic rock
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
nd
ed
as
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ro
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Pr
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br
ia
n
sh
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d
0%
ba
A. asteroid
B. banded iron formation
C. Canadian shield
D. Laurentia
E. meteorite
F. Precambrian shield
G. red bed
Deposit consisting of alternating
bands of chert and iron oxide
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
nd
ed
as
te
ro
id
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C
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br
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d
0%
ba
A. asteroid
B. banded iron formation
C. Canadian shield
D. Laurentia
E. meteorite
F. Precambrian shield
G. red bed
Metallic or silica-rich objects that orbit
the Sun between the orbits of Mars and
Jupiter
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
nd
ed
as
te
ro
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C
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La
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Pr
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am
rit
e
br
ia
n
sh
...
re
d
be
d
0%
ba
A. asteroid
B. banded iron formation
C. Canadian shield
D. Laurentia
E. meteorite
F. Precambrian shield
G. red bed
Meteor that has fallen to Earth
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
nd
ed
as
te
ro
id
iro
C
an
n
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...
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La
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br
ia
n
sh
...
re
d
be
d
0%
ba
A. asteroid
B. banded iron formation
C. Canadian shield
D. Laurentia
E. meteorite
F. Precambrian shield
G. red bed
The Precambrian shield in North
America
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
nd
ed
as
te
ro
id
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am
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br
ia
n
sh
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d
be
d
0%
ba
A. asteroid
B. banded iron formation
C. Canadian shield
D. Laurentia
E. meteorite
F. Precambrian shield
G. red bed
Sedimentary rocks younger than 1.8
billion years that are colored by the iron
oxides in them
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
nd
ed
as
te
ro
id
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am
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br
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n
sh
...
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d
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d
0%
ba
A. asteroid
B. banded iron formation
C. Canadian shield
D. Laurentia
E. meteorite
F. Precambrian shield
G. red bed
Tiny, threadlike photosynthetic
organisms
Ed
an
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o
ac
id
s
ob
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r ia
ar
hy
an
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fa
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Va
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gl
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0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
cy
amino acids
cyanobacteria
Ediacaran fauna
hydrothermal vent
stromatolite
Varangian glaciation
zircon
am
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Mat or mound composed of
billions of cyanobacteria
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
ac
i
ob ds
ac
ia
te
ca
r ia
hy
ra
n
dr
f
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a
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at
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ite
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n
zi
rc
on
0%
Ed
cy
an
in
o
amino acids
cyanobacteria
Ediacaran fauna
hydrothermal vent
stromatolite
Varangian glaciation
zircon
am
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Stable mineral that commonly
occurs in granite
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
ac
i
ob ds
ac
ia
te
ca
r ia
hy
ra
n
dr
f
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a
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Va
st
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ro
ra
m
ng
at
ia
ol
n
ite
gl
ac
ia
tio
n
zi
rc
on
0%
Ed
cy
an
in
o
amino acids
cyanobacteria
Ediacaran fauna
hydrothermal vent
stromatolite
Varangian glaciation
zircon
am
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Glacial event that occurred between
700 and 800 million years ago
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
fa
dr
un
ot
...
he
rm
al
st
v.
ro
..
m
Va
at
ra
ol
ng
ite
ia
n
gl
ac
...
zi
rc
on
hy
ar
an
te
r
ia
0%
ia
c
ob
ac
Ed
cy
an
in
o
ac
id
s
0%
am
A. amino acids
B. cyanobacteria
C. Ediacaran fauna
D. hydrothermal vent
E. stromatolite
F. Varangian glaciation
G. zircon
Hot water vent at volcanic
seafloor rift
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
fa
dr
un
ot
...
he
rm
al
st
v.
ro
..
m
Va
at
ra
ol
ng
ite
ia
n
gl
ac
...
zi
rc
on
hy
ar
an
te
r
ia
0%
ia
c
ob
ac
Ed
cy
an
in
o
ac
id
s
0%
am
A. amino acids
B. cyanobacteria
C. Ediacaran fauna
D. hydrothermal vent
E. stromatolite
F. Varangian glaciation
G. zircon
Fossils of soft-bodied Proterozoic
organisms
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
fa
dr
un
ot
...
he
rm
al
st
v.
ro
..
m
Va
at
ra
ol
ng
ite
ia
n
gl
ac
...
zi
rc
on
hy
ar
an
te
r
ia
0%
ia
c
ob
ac
Ed
cy
an
in
o
ac
id
s
0%
am
A. amino acids
B. cyanobacteria
C. Ediacaran fauna
D. hydrothermal vent
E. stromatolite
F. Varangian glaciation
G. zircon
Building blocks of proteins
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
fa
dr
un
ot
...
he
rm
al
st
v.
ro
..
m
Va
at
ra
ol
ng
ite
ia
n
gl
ac
...
zi
rc
on
hy
ar
an
te
r
ia
0%
ia
c
ob
ac
Ed
cy
an
in
o
ac
id
s
0%
am
A. amino acids
B. cyanobacteria
C. Ediacaran fauna
D. hydrothermal vent
E. stromatolite
F. Varangian glaciation
G. zircon
The amount of radioactive isotopes
contributing heat to Earth is greater now
than it was when Earth was newly
formed.
1. True
2. False
ls
e
0%
Fa
Tr
ue
0%
The movement of the continents was
one of the three sources of Earth’s
heat when Earth was newly formed.
1. True
2. False
0%
ue
Tr
0%
Fa
e
ls
Earth’s oceans and atmosphere
formed after life on Earth was
established.
1. True
2. False
0%
ue
Tr
0%
Fa
e
ls
Eukaryotes appeared later in
Earth’s history than prokaryotes.
A. True
B. False
ls
e
0%
Fa
Tr
ue
0%
The process of plate tectonics, the
movement of Earth’s plates, started
at the end of the Precambrian.
ls
e
0%
Fa
0%
Tr
ue
1.True
2.False
The average temperature on
Earth has changed through the
course of Earth’s history.
ls
e
0%
Fa
0%
Tr
ue
1. True
2. False
Cyanobacteria are classified as
prokaryotes.
1. True
2. False
ls
e
0%
Fa
Tr
ue
0%
Accumulation of oxygen in
Earth’s atmosphere resulted in
greater amounts of UV
radiation reaching Earth.
ls
e
0%
Fa
0%
Tr
ue
1. True
2. False
The presence of iron oxide in rocks,
formed during a specific time period,
can be used as evidence of oxygen in
the atmosphere during that time
period.
ls
e
0%
Fa
0%
Tr
ue
1. True
2. False
Volcanic eruptions add great
amounts of oxygen gas to the
atmosphere.
1. True
2. False
ls
e
0%
Fa
Tr
ue
0%
Asteroids orbit the Sun
between the orbit of Mars and
Jupiter.
1. True
2. False
ls
e
0%
Fa
Tr
ue
0%
Granite, which is composed of
feldspar, quartz, and mica—
high-density minerals—is
common at Earth’s surface.
ls
e
0%
Fa
0%
Tr
ue
1. True
2. False
Earth’s first granitic crust
likely formed from slabs of
crust that were recycled into
the mantle at subduction zones.
ls
e
0%
Fa
0%
Tr
ue
1. True
2. False
The oldest rock samples collected
from the Moon are approximately
4.6 million years old.
ls
e
0%
Fa
0%
Tr
ue
1. True
2. False
Early in the Proterozoic,
microcontinents began to
collide as a result of plate
tectonics.
ls
e
0%
Fa
0%
Tr
ue
1. True
2. False
ls
e
Fa
Tr
ue
Earth’s early atmosphere likely
contained large concentrations of
water vapor, and oxygen and
nitrogen gases vented from
volcanoes.
1. True
2. False
0%
0%
ls
e
Fa
Tr
ue
Early life, mainly the Ediacaran
fauna, modified the atmosphere by
generating large amounts of the gas
that eventually formed the ozone
layer.
1. True
0%
0%
2. False