NATURAL HARD WALL
FINISHES
BAR 210- INTERIOR DESIGN
B02/53744/2012- KAMAU ANITA WANJIKU
B02/53770/2012- KHAN HEENABEGUM MEHBOOB
TYPES OF NATURAL, HARD WALL
FINISHES
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Wood
Metal
Stone
Concrete
Tiles
Terrazzo
WOOD
Renewable material which is easy to work
Wood undergoes seasoning, surfacing and grading before it is used.
Types of wood includes;
1.
softwoods: pine, redwood, cedar. Softwoods have a simple microstructure, are course and their grain structure is uninteresting. The
soft woods are inexpensive, plentiful and have a resistance to decay,
they are used for paneling and moldings.
2.
hardwoods : cherry, mahogany and oak. This woods have a more
complex structure than softwoods and are mainly used for furniture
and interior finish details
Types of wood products
Solid wood lumber; it is available in nominal or dimensional material.
It is used for rough construction and framing.
Laminated- wood products; they are several layers of wood glued
together. They are used for structural or finish works.
Veneers; this are thin sheets or leaves of woods produced by slicing a
log, usually to maximize the utility of a piece of fine wood. Four
primary veneer cuts includes:
1.
Plain (flat) sliced- this is the most common cut
2.
Rotary- most economical cut
3.
Quarter Shawn
4.
Rift cut
Sources of wood
In Africa Congo and Ghana
Europe and North America:
STONE
Stone is used for its aesthetic appearance, durability and ease of
maintenance.
Types of stone includes;
1.Igneous
Granites- are dense, hard, durable and susceptible to heat when
exposed to fire hence are not used for interior structural applications.
- Are fine or course grained
- Shades: green, pink, yellow, white and black.
- Finishes: polished, honed, flamed and hammered.
- Used for wall cladding, table tops and flooring
2.Sedimentary
Slate and lime stone
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Tend to be soft and easily cleft and hammered.
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are soft, brittle and splits easily into sheets.
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colour range for slate: blue to orange.
3.Metamorphic rocks
Marble- relatively hard but has a venal structure that is prone to fracture.
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Porous and absorbs oils.
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translucent and available in a wide range of colours.
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Can be polished into shiny, smooth surfaces or honed to matte finish
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used for decorative wall panels, table tops, fire places, counter tops and
flooring.
Sources of stone
In Kenya Juja, Mazeras and Njiru, marble is mined at Mutini and
limestone in Bamburi, Mombasa.
The major source of slate stone is Spain
METALS
Metals are extremely durable material.
Vary in relation to water, oils and chemicals.
Can be drawn into wire, rolled into sheets, cast or stamped.
Stainless steel and chrome resist most reactants encountered in
interior environment, they are used in wet rooms and clean
rooms.
Brass and bronze are given a protective coat to prevent natural
oxidation.
Finish technology for metals include: hammering, brushing and
polishing.
Mostly used for ceiling, countertops, and at times on walls and
other vertical surfaces.
Sources 0f Metals
-Sources of steel:
Australia, China, Brazil,
India, Russia, South Africa,
Canada.
-Sources of copper: Chile is
the major producer of
copper, in Africa Zambia is
the leading producer
followed by DR Congo,
South Africa, Botswana,
Namibia, Morocco, Tanzania.
TERRAZZO
Terrazzo is a matrix of marble, granite chips, cement, water or a
synthetic resin.
It is dense, extremely durable and smooth.
Coloring is controlled by the size and color of aggregate and
binder.
Placed over a concrete over bed.
Types of terrazzo:
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Standard terrazzo- it has small chip sizes.
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Venetian terrazzo- large chips with small chips as filters.
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Paladin
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Rustic terrazzo- uniformly textured finish in which the matrix is
depressed, exposing the aggregates, not ground or polished.
CONCRETE
Extremely hard and resistant to weathering.
Aggregate of sand or gravel and a binder-cement- which is mostly
used. All this natural materials have to be mixed by man in order
to be used.
Concrete blocks are also used for wall interior finishes.
TILES
They are thin in relation to their facial area.
Can be textured, smooth, embossed, patterned, sculptured,
engraved, glazed or unglazed.
CERAMIC TILES
Advantages
- Impervious.
- Available in a wide variety of colours, sizes and finishes.
- Extremely durable.
Disadvantages
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Expensive.
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Brittle.
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Requires extraordinary substrate.
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Can be perceived as cold.
Used in; clean areas, wet areas, high traffic areas.
Sources around the world; China, Italy, Mexico, Canada and
Spain.
Flamingo tiles whose headquarters are in Nairobi produce tiles
locally.
Thank you 