Interuniversity Graduate School of Psychometrics and Sociometrics - Leiden University University of Amsterdam University of Groningen Twente University Tilburg University Utrecht University K.U.Leuven Annual report 2010 © October 2011, Leiden, IOPS Interuniversity Graduate School of Psychometrics and Sociometrics Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands Voice E-mail URL 071 527 3829 iops@iops.nl www.iops.nl Contents Contents Introduction 1 1 Organization 3 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 3 4 4 7 2 Staff 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3 Board Office List of participating institutes List of cooperating institutes 9 Staff meetings Staff changes Number of staff members List of staff members List of associated staff members List of honorary emeritus members Scientific awards and grants 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.2.1 3.1.2.2 3.1.2.3 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 Awards and grants honored to IOPS staff members Scientific awards NWO grants NWO Veni, Vidi, Vici grants NWO Aspasia grants NWO Open Competition grants International grants Grants awarded to K.U.Leuven Other grants Awards and grants honored to IOPS PhD students Scientific awards Grants 9 9 10 10 15 16 17 17 17 17 17 19 20 22 23 24 28 28 28 IOPS annual report 2010 4 Students and projects 4.1 4.2 5 Graduate training program 5.1 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 6 7 Status of projects Summary of projects Courses in the IOPS curriculum Conferences 25th IOPS summer conference 20th IOPS winter conference 29 29 31 91 91 91 91 92 Publications 95 6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 95 95 96 96 108 111 111 112 113 113 Dissertations Dissertations by IOPS PhD students Other dissertations under supervision of IOPS staff members Articles in international English-language journals Contributions to international English-language volumes Book reviews Books and test manuals Articles in other jounals Software and test manuals Other publications Finances 7.1 7.2 7.3 Financial statement 2010 Summary of receipts and expenditures in 2010 Balance sheet 2010 115 115 116 116 Introduction This report presents the activities, achievements and resources of the Interuniversity Graduate School of Psychometrics and Sociometrics (IOPS) for the year 2010. As usual, IOPS had a Summer conference (June 2010) and a Winter conference (December 2010), which were organized by the University of Amsterdam and by Utrecht University, respectively. Two specialized seminars targeted at IOPS PhD students were organized (by Leuven and by Twente). In 2010, 7 PhD projects were successfully completed with a thesis, 10 new projects were started, 3 projects were continuing beyond the original time limit, and 1 project was left unfinished. On December 31, 2010, 44 PhD projects were still in progress. IOPS was happy to welcome 4 new junior staff members, 1 new senior staff member, while 4 senior and 1 junior staff members left IOPS. The total amount of staff reached 101 by the end of the year 2010. Sadly, 2010 was the year that one of our senior staff members from Utrecht University, Dr Cora Maas, passed away. She was an excellent teacher and a nice and compassionate colleague, who will be missed dearly. Of all grants that were awarded in 2010 to one of our staff members, the most noteworthy are the VENI grant for Richard Morey, the VIDI grant for Ellen Hamaker, the VICI grant for Jeroen Vermunt, a SURF grant for digital testing awarded to Han Van der Maas, and an international grant awarded by the Law School Admission Council to Bernard Veldkamp. The best IOPS PhD student paper was won by by Jorge Tendeiro. The Psychometric Society Dissertation prize for the best PhD thesis worldwide, was again for an IOPS PhD student, Rinke Klein Entink. In summary, IOPS continues to be a strong and inspiring platform for psychometricians and other quantitative behavioral scientists, to meet and to learn from each other. Willem J. Heiser, scientific director, October 10, 2011 1 IOPS annual report 2010 2 1 Organization 1 Organization 1.1 Board The IOPS Board consists of seven members delegated by the participating universities. At most three representatives of other research institutes may be appointed as an IOPS board member. Futhermore, the institute director and the dissertation students' representative attend the board meetings. On 31 December 2010 the IOPS Board consisted of: - Prof. dr. W.J. Heiser, Chair, Leiden University - Dr. M.J. De Rooij, Leiden University - Dr. D. Borsboom, University of Amsterdam - Prof. dr. R.R. Meijer, University of Groningen - Prof. dr. H. Kelderman, VU University Amsterdam - Dr. G.J.A. Fox, Twente University - Dr. L.A. Van der Ark, Tilburg University - Prof. dr. H.J.A. Hoijtink, Utrecht University - Prof. dr. F. Tuerlinckx, K.U.Leuven - Dr. A.A. Béguin, CITO (National Institute for Educational Measurement) - Prof. dr. J.G. Bethlehem, CBS (Statistics Netherlands) Director Prof. dr. W.J. Heiser, Leiden University. PhD representative In the PhD student meeting of 11 December 2009, it was decided that Floryt van Wesel (Utrecht University) will replace Ralph Rippe (Leiden University) as first PhD representative for the period 1 January 2010 - 31 December 2010. She was assisted by Jesper Tijmstra (Utrecht University), who served as asistant PhD representative for a period of one year (1 January 2010 - 31 december 2010). Tijmstra will be appointed as first representative as of 1 January 2011, for a period of one year. Changes in the IOPS Board In 2010, the following changes were made in the IOPS Board: Dr. L.A. Van der Ark replaced prof. dr. J.A.P. Hagenaars (Tilburg University); 3 IOPS annual report 2010 Board meetings The IOPS Board meets four times a year. In 2010 IOPS Board only three meetings were held, in April, June, and October 2010. 1.2 Office Since 1 October 2000 the IOPS Graduate School holds office at Leiden University. The secretariat is accommodated at: Institute of Psychology Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences Leiden University P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands Secretary E-mail Voice URL 1.3 Susañña Verdel iops@iops.nl 071 527 3829 www.iops.nl List of participating institutes Leiden University Department of Psychology Methodology and Statistics Unit P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden Secretary Jacqueline Dries Voice 071 527 3761 E-mail j.dries@fsw.leidenuniv.nl Department of Education Education and Child Studies Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden Secretary Esther Peelen Voice 071 527 3434 E-mail peelene@@fsw.leidenuniv.nl 4 1 Organization University of Amsterdam Psychological Methods Department of Psychology Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam Secretary Ineke van Osch Voice 020 525 6870 E-mail w.h.m.vanosch@uva.nl Developmental Psychology Department of Psychology Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam Secretary Ellen Buijn Voice 020 525 6830 E-mail e.buijn@uva.nl Work and Organizational Psychology Department of Psychology Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam Secretary Joke Vermeulen Voice 020 525 6860 E-mail j.h.vermeulen@uva.nl University of Groningen Department of Psychology Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen Secretary Hanny Baan Voice 050 363 63 66 E-mail j.m.baan@rug.nl Department of Sociology Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences Grote Rozenstraat 31 9712 TG Groningen Secretary Saskia Simon Voice 050 363 6469 E-mail s.simon@rug.nl 5 IOPS annual report 2010 Twente University Department of Educational Measurement and Data Analysis Faculty of Educational Science and Technology P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede Secretary Birgit Olthof-Regeling Voice 053 489 3555 E-mail j.b.olthof@utwente.nl Tilburg University Department of Methodology and Statistics Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg Secretary Marieke Timmermans Voice 013 466 2544 E-mail m.c.c.timmermans@uvt.nl Utrecht University Department of Methodology and Statistics Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences P.O. Box 80.140, 3508 TC Utrecht Secretary Flip Boerland / Chantal Molnar-van Velde Voice 030 253 4438 E-mail M.A.J.Boerland@uu.nl / c.molnar@uu.nl / K.U.Leuven, Belgium Department of Psychology Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences Tiensestraat 2B, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium Secretary Jasmine Vanuytrecht Voice +32 16 32 60 12 E-mail Jasmine.Vanuytrecht@psy.kuleuven.be 6 1 Organization 1.4 List of cooperating institutes University of Amsterdam Department of Education Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, 1018 VZ Amsterdam Secretary Welmoed Torensma Voice 020 525 1230 / 1201 E-mai w.a.torensma@uva.nl Secretary Voice E-mai Janneke Aben 020 525 1559 / 1201 j.p.aben@uva.nl VU University Amsterdam Department of Social and Organizational Psychology Faculty of Psychology and Pedagogics Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam Secretary Anna Brinkman Voice 020 598 8700 E-mail aga.brinkman@psy.vu.nl Secretary Voice E-mail Dolly Manuputty 020 598 8717 dr.manuputty@psy.vu.nl University of Groningen Department of Education Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences Grote Rozenstraat 38, 9712 TJ Groningen Secretary Ina Doolsema Voice 050 363 6540 E-mai e.doolsema@rug.nl 7 IOPS annual report 2010 Leiden University Statistical Science for the Life and Behavioral Sciences Mathematical Institute P.O. Box 9512, 2300 RA Leiden Secretary Ellen Imthorn Voice 071 527 7111 Maastricht University Department of Methodology and Statistics Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht Secretary Marga Doyle Voice 043 388 2395 E-mail marga.doyle@maastrichtuniversity.nl Erasmus University Rotterdam Department of Econometrics P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR. Rotterdam Secretary Tineke Kurtz Voice 010 408 1278 / 1259 E-mail kurtz@few.eur.nl Psychology Institute P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR. Rotterdam Secretary Hanny Langedijk, Susan Schuring Voice 010 408 8789 / 8799 E-mail langedijk@fsw.eur.nl, schuring@fsw.eur.nl Wageningen University Research Methodology Group P.O. Box 8130, 6700 EW, Wageningen Secretary Aicha el Makoui Voice 0317 48 4452 E-mail office.enp@wur.nl 8 2 Staff The members of the staff belong to the participating universities. There are two categories of staff members: junior and senior staff members. Both require acknowledgment in their field according to, among others, international publications. Junior staff members have obtained their PhD less than five years ago, and do not necessarily have (co-)responsibility of dissertation research. Senior staff members do have (co-)responsibility of dissertation research. The Dutch research institutes are evaluated by the KNAW (Royal Dutch Academy for Sciences) every six years. IOPS staff members are evaluated by the IOPS Board before the KNAW evaluation. Associated staff In 1994, the establishment of graduate schools and the rearrangement of staff members as a result of this, caused IOPS to introduce a new category of staff for those who - for formal reasons - could not be a regular IOPS staff member. The requirements for associated staff members are identical to those of regular staff members. Dissertation students of these associated staff members can be admitted to IOPS as an external dissertation student. 2.1 Staff meetings Plenary meetings for all IOPS members (staff and PhD students) are held twice a year during the IOPS conferences. In 2010 two plenary meetings took place, one on 10 June and one on 16 December 2010. 2.2 Staff changes Junior staff members admitted to IOPS in 2010 - Dr. Johan Braeken, Tilburg University Dr. Fetene Tekle, Tilburg University Dr. Rens Van der Schoot, Universiteit Utrecht Dr. Wobbe Zijlstra, Tilburg University 9 IOPS annual report 2010 Junior staff members leaving IOPS in 2010 - Dr. Rinke Klein Entink, Twente University Senior staff members admitted to IOPS in 2010 - Prof. dr. Theo Eggen, Twente University Senior staff members leaving IOPS in 2010 - Prof. dr. Jos Ten Berge, University of Groningen. Prof Ten Berge became an IOPs honorary emeritus member. - Prof. dr. Ab Mooijaart . Prof Mooijaart became an IOPs honorary emeritus member. - Dr. Eeke Van der Burg - Dr. Cora Maas (deceased) 2.3 Number of staff members On 1 January 2010, the IOPS staff consisted of 99 members: 10 junior staff members 6 associated junior staff members 61 senior staff members 14 associated senior staff members 8 honorary emeritus members On 31 December 2010, the IOPS staff consisted of 101 members: 13 junior staff members 6 associated junior staff members 56 senior staff members 16 associated senior staff members 10 honorary emeritus members 2.4 List of staff members Staff members at Leiden University Department of Psychology, Methodology and Statistics Unit - Dr. Mark De Rooij (senior) voice:071 527 4102, email: rooijm@fsw.leidenuniv.nl - Prof. dr. Willem Heiser (senior) voice: 071 527 3828, email: heiser@fsw.leidenuniv.nl 10 2 Staff - Dr. Rien Van der Leeden (senior) voice: 071 527 3763, email: leeden@fsw.leidenuniv.nl - Dr. Kees Van Putten (senior) voice: 071 527 3378, email: putten@fsw.leidenuniv.nl Department of Education and Child Studies - Prof. dr. Pieter Kroonenberg (senior) voice: 071 527 3446, email: kroonenb@fsw.leidenuniv.nl - Dr. Joost Van Ginkel (junior) Voice: 071 527 3620, email : jginkel@fsw.leidenuniv.nl Statistical Science for the Life and Behavioral Sciences - Prof. dr. Jacqueline Meulman (senior) voice: 071 527 7135, email: jmeulman@math.leidenuniv.nl Staff members at University of Amsterdam Department of Methodology - Dr. Denny Borsboom (senior) voice: 020 525 6882, email: d.borsboom@uva.nl - Prof. dr. Paul De Boeck (senior) voice: 020 5256923, email: p.a.l.deboeck@uva.nl - Dr. Conor Dolan (senior) voice: 020 525 6775, email: c.v.dolan@uva.nl - Dr. Raoul Grasman (senior) voice: 020 525 6738, email: r.p.p.p.grasman@uva.nl - Dr. Pieter Koele (senior) voice: 020 525 6881, email: p.koele@uva.nl - Prof. dr. Han Van der Maas (senior) voice: 020 525 6678, email: h.l.j.vandermaas@uva.nl - Porf. dr. Gunter Maris (senior) voice: 020 525 6677 email: g.k.j.maris@uva.nl - Dr. Eric-Jan Wagenmakers (senior) voice: 020 525 6420, email: e.m.wagenmakers@uva.nl - Dr. Lourens Waldorp (junior) voice: 020 525 6420, email: l.j.waldorp@uva.nl - Dr. Jelte Wicherts (junior) voice: 020 525 6738, email: j.m.wicherts@uva.nl Department of Developmental Psychology - Dr. Hilde Huizenga (senior) voice: 020 525 6826, email: h.m.huizenga@uva.nl - Dr. Brenda Jansen (senior) voice: 020 525 6735, email: b.r.j.jansen@uva.nl 11 IOPS annual report 2010 - Dr. Maartje Raijmakers (senior) voice: 020 525 6826, email: m.e.j.raijmakers@uva.nl - Dr. Ingmar Visser (senior) voice: 020 525 6757, email: i.visser@uva.nl Department of Work and Organizational Psychology - Dr. Arne Evers (senior) voice: 020 525 6751, email: a.v.a.m.evers@uva.nl Staff members at University of Groningen Department of Psychology - Dr. Casper Albers (senior) voice: 050 363 8239, email: c.j.albers@rug.nl - Prof. dr. Henk Kiers (senior) voice: 050 363 6339, email: h.a.l.kiers@rug.nl - Prof. dr. Rob Meijer (senior) voice: 050 363 6339, email: r.r.Meijer@rug.nl - Dr. Richard Morey (junior) voice: 050 363 7021, email: r.d.morey@rug.nl - Dr. Alwin Stegeman (senior) voice: 050 363 6193, email: a.w.stegeman@rug.nl - Dr. Marieke Timmerman (senior) voice: 050 363 6255, email: m.e.timmerman@rug.nl Department of Sociology - Dr. Anne Boomsma (senior) voice: 050 363 6187, email: a.boomsma@rug.nl - Dr. Mark Huisman (senior) voice: 050 363 6345, email: j.m.e.huisman@rug.nl - Dr. Marijtje Van Duijn (senior) voice: 050 363 6195, email: m.a.j.van.duijn@rug.nl Staff members at Twente University Department of Educational Measurement and Data Analysis - Prof. dr Theo Eggen (senior) voice: 053 489 3574, email: t.j.h.m.eggen@gw.utwente.nl - Dr. ir. Jean-Paul Fox (senior) voice: 053 489 3326, email: foxj@edte.utwente.nl - Prof. dr. Cees Glas (senior) voice: 053 489 3565, email: glas@edte.utwente.nl 12 2 Staff - Dr. ir. Bernard Veldkamp (senior) voice: 053 489 3653, email: veldkamp@edte.utwente.nl - Dr. ir. Hans Vos (senior) voice: 053 489 3628, email: vos@edte.utwente.nl Staff members at Tilburg University Department of Methodology and Statistics - Dr. Johan Braeken, (junior) voice: 013 466 2275, email: j.braeken@uvt.nl - Dr. Marcel Croon (senior) voice: 013 466 2284, email: m.a.croon@uvt.nl - Dr. Wilco Emons (junior) voice: 013 466 2397, email: w.h.m.emons@uvt.nl - Dr. John Gelissen (senior) voice: 013 466 2974, email: j.p.t.m.gelissen@uvt.nl - Dr. Guy Moors, Tilburg University (senior) voice: 013 466 2249, email: guy.moors@uvt.nl - Prof. dr. Klaas Sijtsma (senior) voice: 013 466 3222, email: k.sijtsma@uvt.nl - Dr. Fetene Tekle (junior) voice: 013 466 2959, email: f.b.tekle@uvt.nl - Dr. Marcel Van Assen (junior) voice: 013 466 2362, email: m.a.l.m.vanassen@uvt.nl - Dr. Andries Van der Ark (senior) voice: 013 466 2748, email: a.vdark@uvt.nl - Prof. dr. Jeroen Vermunt (senior) voice: 013 466 2748, email: j.k.vermunt@uvt.nl - Dr. Matthijs Warrens (junior) voice: 013 466 3270, email: m.j.warrens@uvt.nl - Dr. Wobbe Zijlstra (junior) voice: 013 466 3005, email: w.p.zijlstra@uvt.nl Staff members at Utrecht University Methodology & Statistics Department - Dr. Hennie Boeije (senior) voice: 030 253 7983, email: h.boeije@uu.nl - Dr. Maarten Cruyff (junior) voice: 030 253 9235, email: m.cruyff@uu.nl - Dr. Edith De Leeuw (senior) voice: 030 253 7983, email: e.d.deleeuw@uu.nl - Dr. Laurence Frank (junior) 13 IOPS annual report 2010 voice: 030 253 9237, email: l.e.frank@uu.nl - Dr. Ellen Hamaker (senior) voice: 030 253 1851, email: e.l.hamaker@uu.nl - Dr. David Hessen (senior) voice: 030 253 1491, email: d.j.hessen@uu.nl - Prof. dr. Herbert Hoijtink (senior) voice: 030 253 9137, email: h.hoijtink@uu.nl - Prof. dr. Joop Hox (senior) voice: 030 253 9236, email: j.hox@uu.nl - Dr. Irene Klugkist (senior) voice: 030 253 5473, email: i.klugkist@uu.nl - Dr. Gerty Lensvelt-Mulders (senior) voice: 030 253 5857, email: g.j.l.m.lensvelt@uu.nl - Dr. Gerard Maassen (senior) voice: 030 253 4765, email: g.h.maassen@uu.nl - Dr. ir. Mirjam Moerbeek (senior) voice: 030 253 1450, email: m.moerbeek@uu.nl - Prof. dr. Ger Snijkers (senior) voice: 030 253 4688, email: g.snijkers@uu.nl - Prof. dr. Stef Van Buuren (senior) voice: 030 253 6707, email: s.vanbuuren@uu.nl - Prof. dr. Peter Van der Heijden (senior) voice: 030 253 4688, email: p.g.m.vanderheijden@uu.nl - Dr. Rens Van der Schoot (junior) voice: 030 253 1571, email: a.g.j.vandeschoot@uu.nl Staff members at K.U.Leuven Department of Psychology - Dr. Eva Ceulemans (senior) voice: +32 16 32 6108, email: eva.ceulemans@ psy.kuleuven.be - Dr. Yuri Goegebeur (senior) voice: +32 16 32 6762, email: yuri.goegebeur@ psy.kuleuven.be - Prof. dr. Francis Tuerlinckx (senior) voice: +32 16 32 5999, email: francis.tuerlinckx@psy.kuleuven.be - Prof. dr. Iven Van Mechelen (senior) voice: 32 16 31 6131, email: iven.vanmechelen@ psy.kuleuven.be 14 2 Staff 2.5 List of associated staff members - Dr. Lidia Arends (junior), Erasmus University, Erasmus University Rotterdam voice: 010 408 8667, email: arends@fsw.eur.nl - Dr. Timo Bechger (senior), CITO (National Inst. for Educational Measurement), Arnhem voice: 026 352 1162, email: timo.bechger@cito.nl - Dr. Anton Béguin (senior), CITO (National Inst. for Educational Measurement), Arnhem voice: 026 352 1042, email: anton.beguin@cito.nl - Prof. dr. Martijn Berger (senior), Methodology and Statistics, Maastricht University voice: 043 388 2258, email: martijn.berger@maastrichtuniversity.nl - Prof. dr. Jelke Bethlehem (senior), CBS (Statistics Netherlands), Den Haag voice: 070 337 3800, email: jbtm@cbs.nl - Dr. Samantha Bouwmeester (junior), Erasmus University Rotterdam voice: 010 408 8657, email: bouwmeester@fsw.eur.nl - Dr. Math Candel (senior), Methodology and Statistics, Maastricht University voice: 043 388 2273, email: math.candel@maastrichtuniversity.nl - Dr. ing Paul Eilers (senior), Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam voice: 010 704 3792, email: p.eilers@erasmusmc.nl - Prof. dr. Patrick Groenen (senior), Faculty of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam voice: 010 408 1281, email: groenen@few.eur.nl - Dr. Bas Hemker (junior), CITO (National Inst. for Educational Measurement), Arnhem voice: 026 352 1329, email: bas.hemker@cito.nl - Dr. Margo Jansen (senior), Department of Education, University of Groningen voice: 050 363 6540, email: g.g.h.jansen@rug.nl - Prof. dr. Henk Kelderman (senior), Dept. of Social and Organizational Psy., VU University Amsterdam voice: 020 598 8715, email: h.kelderman@psy.vu.nl - Dr. Niels Smits (senior), Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, VU University Amsterdam voice: 020 598 8713, email: n.smits@psy.vu.nl - Dr. Yfke Ongena (junior), Communication Studies, University of Groningen voice: 050 363 9607, email: y.p.ongena@rug.nl - Dr. Frans Oort (senior), Department of Education, University of Amsterdam voice: 020 525 1314, email: f.j.oort@uva.nl - Prof. dr. Tom Snijders (senior), Department of Sociology, University of Groningen voice: 050 363 6188, email: t.a.b.snijders@rug.nl - Dr. Frans Tan (junior), Methodology and Statistics, Maastricht University voice: 043 388 2278, email: frans.tan@maastrichtuniversity.nl - Dr. Hilde Tobi (senior), Research Methodology, Wageningen University voice: 0317 485 946, email: hilde.tobi@wur.nl - Dr. Gerard Van Breukelen (senior), Methodology and Statistics, Maastricht University voice: 043 388 2274, email: gerard.vbreukelen@maastrichtuniversity.nl - Dr. Wijbrandt Van Schuur (senior), Department of Sociology, University of Groningen voice: 050 363 6436, email: h.van.schuur@rug.nl - Dr. Wolfgang Viechtbauer (senior), Methodology and Statistics, Maastricht University voice: 043 388 2277, email: wolfgang.viechtbauer@maastrichtuniversity.nl - Dr. Bonne Zijlstra (junior), Department of Education, University of Amsterdam voice: 020 525 1242, email: b.j.h.zijlstra@uva.nl 15 IOPS annual report 2010 2.6 - 16 List of honorary emeritus members Prof. dr. Wil Dijkstra, email: w.dijkstra@fsw.vu.nl Prof. dr. Jacques Hagenaars, email: jacques.a.hagenaars@uvt.nl Prof. dr. Gideon Mellenbergh, email: g.j.mellenbergh@uva.nl Prof. dr. Robert Mokken, email: mokken@science.uva.nl Prof. dr. Ivo Molenaar, email: w.molenaar@rug.nl Prof. dr. Ab Mooijaart, email: mooijaart@fsw.leidenuniv.nl Prof. dr. Willem Saris, email: w.saris@telefonica.net Prof. dr. Jos Ten Berge, email: j.m.f.ten.berge@rug.nl Prof. dr. Wim Van der Linden, email: wim_vanderlinden@ctb.com Prof. dr. Hans Van der Zouwen, email: j.van.der.zouwen@fsw.vu.nl Dr. Norman Verhelst, email: norman.verhelst@gmail.com 3 Scientific awards and grants 3.1 Awards and grants honored to IOPS staff members 3.1.1 Scientific awards In 2010, the following IOPS staff members were honored with a scientific award: - Arends, Lidia (2010), Erasmus University Rotterdam. MORE Teaching prize 2009-2010. Medical Science, Erasmus Medical Center. - He, Q. (2010), Twente University. Psychometric Society Travel Award. Psychometric Society 2010: Athens, Georgia, U.S.A. (6-9 July 2010). - Snijders, Tom A.B. (2010), University of Groningen. Georg Simmel Award, International Network for Social Network Analysis. 3.1.2 NWO grants 3.1.2.1 NWO Veni, Vidi, Vici grants The Veni, Vidi, and Vici grants are part of the NWO Innovational Research Incentives Scheme [Vernieuwingsimpuls]. The followoing IOPS researchers were awarded: - Borsboom, Denny (2007), University of Amsterdam Grant: Vidi grant Project: Causal networks for psychological measurement Period: 1 March 2008 - 1 March 2013 Budget: € 600.000 - De Rooij, Mark (2006), Leiden University Grant: Vidi grant Project: Modelling individual differences in change patterns Period: 1 September 2006 - 1 September 2011 Budget: € 405.600 17 IOPS annual report 2010 - Fox, Jean-Paul (2007), Twente University Grant: Vidi grant Project: Bayesian methodology for large-scale comparative research Period: 1 December 2007 - 1 December 2012 Budget: € 600.000 - Grasman, Raoul, (2006), University of Amsterdam Grant: Veni grant Project: Multisubject analysis of EEG/MEG activity in anatomical connectivity graphs Period: 1 Februray 2006 - 1 December 2010 Budget: € 208.000 - Hamaker, Ellen (2010), Utrecht University Grant: Vidi grant Project: Time for change: Studying individual differences in dynamics Period: 1 May 2011 - 1 May 2016 Budget: € 800.000 - Hoijtink, Herbert (2005), Utrecht University Grant: Vici grant Project: Learning more from empirical data using prior knowledge PhD students: Joris Mulder, Rebecca Kuiper, Carel Peeters, Rens van de Schoot, and Floryt van Wesel Period: 2006 - 2011 Budget: € 1.250.000 - Huizenga, Hilde (2006), University of Amsterdam Grant: Vidi grant Project: The association between intelligence and performance variability: a new statistical neuroscientific approach PhD student: Wouter Weeda Period: March 2006 - December 2010 Budget: € 405.600 - Moerbeek, Mirjam (2008), Utrecht University Grant: Vidi grant Project: Improving statistical power in studies on event occurrence by using an optimal design Period: 1 February 2009 - 1 February 2014 Budget: € 600.000 - Morey, Richard (2010), University of Groningen Grant: Project: Period: Budget: 18 Veni grant A modelling-based approach to testing item-based versus resource-based working memory storage 1 May 2011 - 1 May 2014 € 250.000 3 Scientific awards and grants - Raijmakers, Maartje (2006), University of Amsterdam Grant: Vidi grant Project: The dynamics of rule learning in infants and preschoolers Period: 1 April 2007 - 1 April 2012 Budget: € 405.600 - Stegeman, Alwin (2008), University of Groningen Grant: Vidi grant Project: Multi-way decompositions : Existence and uniqueness Period: 6 February 2009 - 5 February 2014 Budget: € 600.000 - Vermunt, Jeroen (2010), Tilburg University Grant: Vici grant Project: Stepwise model-fitting approaches for latent class analysis and related methods Period: 23 June 2011-22 June 2016 (5 years) Budget: € 1.500.000 - Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan (2006), University of Amsterdam Grant: Vidi grant Project: Modeling the relation between speed and accuracy [Rot maar vlot]. Period: 1 June 2007 - 1 June 2012 Budget: € 600.000 - Wicherts, Jelte (2007), University of Amsterdam Grant: Veni grant Project: Measurement distortion in experimental psychology and how factor analysis can help restore construct validity Period: 1 June 2007 - 1 June 2012 Budget: € 208.000 3.1.2.2 NWO Aspasia grants With the Aspasia grants, NWO stimulates the promotion of female researchers in higher ranking. The following IOPS researchers were awarded: - Moerbeek, Mirjam (2009), Utrecht University Period: 1 February 2009 - 1 February 2014 Budget: € 100.000 - Raijmakers, Maartje (2006), University of Amsterdam Period: 1 April 2007 - 2012 Budget: € 100.000 19 IOPS annual report 2010 3.1.2.3 NWO Open Competition grants The Open Competion is subsidy programme for the advancement of innovative and high-quality scientific research in the social and behavioural sciences. The following IOPS researchers received an Open Competion grant by NWO (details of the research projects can be found in Chapter 4): - Berger, Martijn (2006), Maastricht University Project: Optimal designs for fMRI experiments PhD student: Bärbel Maus Period: 1 October 2006 - 1 October 2010 Budget: € 176.714 - Boomsma, Anne, Van Duijn, Marijtje, & Timmerman, Marieke (2005), University of Groningen Project: A comparison between factor analysis and item response theory modeling in scale construction. PhD student: Janke Ten Holt Period: 1 September 2005 - 1 November 2010 Budget: 169.529 - Borsboom, Denny (2006), University of Amsterdam Project: Admissible statistics and latent variable theory PhD student: Annemarie Zand-Scholten Period: 1 June 2006 - 1 September 2010 Budget: € 176.714 - De Rooij, Mark (2010), Leiden University Project: Multivariate logistic regression using the ideal point classification model PhD student: Haile M. Worku Period: 1 October 2010 - 1 October 2014 Budget: € 209.513 - Gelissen, John, & Jeroen Vermunt (2005), Tilburg University Project: Bias and equivalence in cross-cultural survey research: An analysis of instrument comparability in the SPVA survey PhD student: Meike Morren Period: 1 February 2007 - 1 February 2011 Budget: € 176.714 - Moerbeek, Mirjam (2006), Utrecht University Project: Robustness issues for cluster randomized trials. PhD student: Elly Korendijk Period: 1 September 2006 - 1 September 2011 Budget: € 181.348 20 3 Scientific awards and grants - Moors, Guy, & Jeroen Vermunt (2006), Tilburg University Project: Question format and response style behaviour in attitude research PhD student: Natalia Kieruj Period: 1 September 2007 - 1 September 2011 Budget: € 181.871 - Sijtsma, Klaas, Wilco Emons, & Marcel Van Assen (2007), Tilburg University Project: Person-misfit in Item Response Models explained by means of nonparametric and multilevel logistic regression models PhD student: Judith Conijn Period: 2007 - 2012 Budget: € 181.871 - Sijtsma, Klaas, & Wilco Emons (2006), Tilburg University Project: Minimal requirements of the reliability of tests and questionnaires PhD student: Peter Kruyen Period: 15 November 2008 - 15 November 2012 Budget: € 181.871 - Timmerman, Marieke & Rob Meijer (2009), University of Groningen Project: Dimensionality assessment of polytomous Items PhD student: M.T. Barendse Period: 1 September 2010 - 1 September 2014 Budget: € 209.513 - Van der Ark, Andries, Marcel Croon, & Klaas Sijtsma (2008), Tilburg University Project: Test construction using marginal models PhD student: Irena Mikolajun Period: 1 January 2009 - 1 January 2013 Budget: € 186.995 - Van der Maas, Han (2006), University of Amsterdam Project: Development of cognitive expertise in chess Proposers: Han Van der Maas, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, & Frenk Van Harreveld PhD student: Daan Zult Period: 1 November 2006 - 1 November 2010 Budget: € 170.000 - Vermunt, Jeroen, Andries Van der Ark, & Klaas Sijtsma (2009), Tilburg University Project: Multiple imputation using mixture models PhD student: Daniël Van der Palm Period: 1 September 2009 – 1 September 2013 Budget: € 207.155 21 IOPS annual report 2010 - Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan & Birte Forstmann (2008), University of Amsterdam Project: The anatomical and neurochemical foundations of decision-making under time pressure Project leader: Birte Forstmann PhD student: Jasper Winkel Period: 1 April 2009 - 1 April - 2013 Budget: € 218.000 - Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan, Birte Forstmann, Sander Nieuwenhuis, Rafal Bogacz, Scott Brown, John Serences & Han van der Maas. (2010): Project: The neural basis of decision-making with multiple choice alternatives Postdoc: Martijn Mulder Period: 01 June 2010 – 1 June 2013 Budget: € 231.635 - Wicherts, Jelte (2009), University of Amsterdam Project: Expectancy effects on the analysis of behavioral research data. PhD student: Marjan Bakker Period: 1 April 2009 - 1 April 2013 Budget: € 207.155 3.1.3 International grants - Dijkstra, Wil (2005), VU University Amsterdam Grant: Grant by The Weinberg Group, Washington Project: Quality assurance of Data Collection Procedures for the C-TOR project Period: April 2005 - 2010 (with probable prolongation) Budget: € 300.000 - Snijders, Tom (2006), University of Groningen Grant: Grant by NWO EUROCORES (European Science Foundation Collaborative Research Programmes Scheme) Project: Models for the evolution of networks and behavior Researcher: C.E.G. Steglich Period: 1 September 2006 - 1 September 2010 Budget: € 209.361 - Snijders, Tom (2006), University of Melbourne, Australia Grant: Discovery grant by the Australian Research Council (ARC) Proposers: Philippa Pattison, Garry Robins, & Tom Snijders Project: Statistical models for social networks, network-based social processes and complex social systems. Period: 2006 - 2010 Budget: AUS $ 710.000 22 3 Scientific awards and grants - Snijders, Tom (2008), University of Oxford, United Kingdom Grant: Grant by National Institutes of Health (USA). Grant number: 1R01HD052887-01A2 Principal investigator: John M. Light. Project: Adolescent peer social network dynamics and problem behavior Sub-project carried out at the University of Oxford and led by Tom Snijders Period: 2008 through 2012 Budget: $ 711.324 3.1.4 Grants awarded to K.U.Leuven - Ceulemans, Eva, Patrick Onghena (K.U.Leuven), and Marieke Timmerman, co-supervisor (University of Groningen) Grant: Grant by The National Fund for Scientific Research - Belgium [Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen] Project: Componenten- en HICLAS-modellen voor de analyse van structuurverschillen in reëelwaardige en binaire multivariate multiniveau gegevens Period: 1 January 2009 - 1 January 2013 Budget: € 278.725 - Janssen, Rianne, Francis Tuerlinckx, Wim Vanden Noortgate, & Bieke De Fraine (2006), K.U.Leuven Grant: Grant by Flemish Department of Education [Vlaams Ministerie van Onderwijs en Vorming] Project: Strategische Beleidsondersteuning: Periodic assessment of pupil performance in compulsory education Period: 2006 - 2011 Budget: € 875.412 - Tuerlinckx, Francis (2008), K.U.Leuven Grant: Grant by The National Fund for Scientific Research - Belgium [Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen] Project: Niet-lineaire modellen voor affectdynamiek. Period: 2008 - 2012 Budget: € - Van Mechelen, Iven, Francis Tuerlinckx, & Eva Ceulemans (2008), K.U.Leuven Grant: GOA Project: Formele modellering van de tijdsdynamiek van emoties Period: 2008 - 2014 Budget: € 23 IOPS annual report 2010 - Van Mechelen, Iven (2008), K.U.Leuven Grant: Grant by The National Fund for Scientific Research - Belgium [Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen] Project: Een koninklijke weg tot een beter begrip van de mechanismen onderliggend aan persoonlijkheidsgerelateerd gedrag Period: 2008 - 2012 Budget: € - Research Group Quantitative Psychology (2006), K.U.Leuven Grant: Grant by Belgian Science Policy [Federaal Wetenschapsbeleid] Project: Statistical analysis of association and dependencies in complex data Period: 2007 - 2011 Budget: € 80.000 - Research Group Quantitative Psychology (2006), K.U.Leuven Grant: Grant by Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT). [Instituut voor de Aanmoediging van Innovatie door Wetenschap & Technologie in Vlaanderen] Project: Bioframe: An algorithmic framework for integrative modeling in systems biology Period: 2007 - 2010 Budget: € 46.445 - Research Group Quantitative Psychology (2005), K.U.Leuven Grant: Grant by Research Fund K.U.Leuven [Onderzoeksfonds K.U. Leuven] Project: SymBioSys - KU Leuven Center for Computational Systems Biology Period: 2005 - 2010 Budget: € 64.300 (approximately) 3.1.5 Other grants - Boersma, P., Maartje Raijmakers, & S. Bögels, S. (2009), University of Amsterdam Grant: Cognition Program, Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam Project: Models and tests of early category formation: interactions between cognitive, emotional, and neural mechanisms Period: Budget: 2009 - 1 September 2015 € 470.000 - Boo, G. de, P. Prins, T.G. Van Manen, & Hilde Huizenga (2007), University of Amsterdam Grant: ZonMW, Programma “Jeugd: Vroegtijdige signalering & interventies” Project: Effectiveness of a stepped-care school-based intervention for children with disruptive behavior disorders [Ontwikkeling en toetsing van een multisysteem interventieprogramma voor kinderen met gedragsproblemen uitgevoerd op school]. Period: 1 April 2008 - 1 May 2012 Budget: € 386.041 24 3 Scientific awards and grants - Groeneveld, C. & Han Van der Maas (2010) Grant: SURF Foundation Tender: Toetsing en Toetsgestuurd Leren Project: Computer Adaptieve Monitoring in het statistiekonderwijs Period: 1 maart 2011 - 28 maart 2013 Budget: € 348.821 - Klinkenberg, S. & Han Van der Maas (2010) Grant: SURF Foundation Tender: Toetsing en Toetsgestuurd Leren Project: Nieuwe scoreregel voor digitale toetsen Period: 1 maart 2011 – 28 maart 2014 Budget: € 77.766 - Ruiter, S.A.J., B.F. Van der Meulen, Marieke Timmerman, & W. Ruijssenaars (2009), University of Groningen Grant: ZonMW, Programma “Zorg voor Jeugd: Handelingsgerichte diagnostiek voor jonge kinderen met cognitieve en/of functionele beperkingen” Period: 2009 - 2013 Budget: € 449.510 - Glas, Cees (2006), Twente University Grant: Research cooperation with OECD Project: PISA (Program for International Student Assessment), Cycle 2009, Core B. Period: November 2006 - November 2010 Budget: € 100.000 - Glas, Cees (2006), Twente University Grant: NUFFIC PhD grant by Netherlands Organization for International Cooperation in Higher Education (NUFFIC) Project: Item analysis of entry test for admission to BSc engineering PhD student: Muhammad Naveed Khalid Period: March 2006 - March 2010 Budget: € 32.000 - Heiser, Willem, & Kees Van Putten, Leiden University. Norman Verhelst (2006), Cito Grant: Research cooperation, partly funded by Cito, Arnhem Project: Mathematical proficiency in primary education: Cognitive processes and predictability PhD student: Marian Hickendorff Period: September 2006 - August 2010 - Klugkist, Irene and Kristel Janssen, (main applicants); Herbert Hoijtink, Carl Moons, (2009), Utrecht University Grant for PhD-project in Focus area Epidemiology, Utrecht University Grant: Period: Budget: September 2009 - August 2013 € 210.000 25 IOPS annual report 2010 - Meijer, Rob (2006), Twente University Grant: Research cooperation with Dutch Bureau for Firefighter Examinations [NBBE, Nederlands Bureau Brandweer Examens] Project: The development of virtual reality examinations for fire fighters [De ontwikkeling van een virtual-reality-examen voor brandweerpersoneel] Period: November 2006 - November 2010 Budget: € 24.000 - Meijer, Rob (2006), Twente University Grant: Research cooperation with PiCompany Project: Development of online IRT based assessment instruments. Period: October 2006 - October 2010 Budget: € 180.000 - Ten Berge, Jos, & Henk Kiers (2006), University of Groningen Grant: PhD student grant by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) Project: Uniqueness, rank, and simplicity of three-way arrays with symmetric slices. PhD student: Jorge Nunes Tendeiro Period: October 2006 - September 2010 - Van der Heijden, Peter (2009), Utrecht University Grant: Ministerie van VROM Project: Actualiseringsonderzoek schatting aantal in Nederland verblijvende Antilliaanse Nederlanders die niet ingeschreven zijn bij de GBA Period: Budget: 2009 - 2010 € 28.806 - Van der Heijden, Peter (2009), Utrecht University Grant: RWS DVS Ontwikkeling Scheepsgevallenmonitor Project: Period: 2009 - 2010 Budget: € 19.140 - Van der Heijden, Peter (2009), Utrecht University Grant: CBS Project: Onderzoek schattingen van omvang van niet-GBA-bevolking en dak- en thuislo- zen Period: Budget: 2009 - 2010 € 82.319 - Veldkamp, Bernard (2006), Twente University Grant: Research Grant by PiCompany Project: PhD project Development of online IRT assessment instrument Period: 2006 - 2010 Budget: € 200.000 26 3 Scientific awards and grants - Veldkamp, Bernard (2010), Twente University Grant: Law School Admission Council Project: Data mining for testlet modeling and its applications Period: 2010 - 2012 Budget: € 200.000 - Veldkamp, Bernard (2010), Twente University Grant: SASS Project: Implementation text mining based classification system for PTSD patients Period: 2010 - 2011 Budget: € 70.000 - Veldkamp, Bernard (2010), Twente University Grant: ECABO Project: Quality of performance tests (PhD student project) Period: 2010 - 2013 Budget: € 250.000 - Veldkamp, Bernard (2010), Twente University Grant: CZ Project: Automated fraud detection, con'd Period: 2010 - 2010 Budget: € 15.000 - Viechtbauer, Wolfgang (2009), Maastricht University Grant: ZonMw Principal Investigator: Marijn de Bruin Project: Determining the cost-effectiveness of an effective intervention to improve adherence among treatment-experienced HIV-infected patients in the Netherlands Period: 2009 - 2012 Budget: € 428.095 - Viechtbauer, Wolfgang (2009), Maastricht University Grant: Funded by Pfizer and the Stichting Gezondheidscentra Eindhoven. Principal Investigator: Daniel Kotz Project: Helping more smokers to quit by COmbining VArenicline with COunselling for smoking cessation: The COVACO randomized controlled trial Period: 2009 - 2013 Budget: € 300.000 27 IOPS annual report 2010 3.2 Awards and grants honored to IOPS PhD students 3.2.1 Scientific awards In 2010, the following IOPS PhD students were honored with a scientific award: - Tendeiro, J.N. (2010). IOPS PhD Student Best Paper Award 2009. Paper: Tendeiro, J.N., Ten Berge, J.M.F., & Kiers, H.A.L. (2009). Simplicity transformations for three-way arrays with symmetric slices, and applications to Tucker-3 models with sparse core arrays. Linear Algebra & Applications, 430, 924–940. - Klein Entink, R.H. (2010). Psychometric Society Dissertation Award. IMPS 2010: The 75th Annual Meeting of the Psychometric Society. Athens, Georgia, U.S.A. (July 2010). - Rippe, R. (2010). Best Student Presentation Award. Title of presentation: Efficient semi-parametric genotyping of SNP arrays. 25th International Workshop on Statistical Modeling, Glasgow (July 2010). 3.2.2 Grants - Molenaar, Dylan (2007), University of Amsterdam Grant: NWO Top talent Grant Project: Statistical modeling of (cognitive) ability differentiation Period: 1 September 2007 - 1 September 2011 28 4 Students and projects Applicants for the IOPS dissertation training must have a Master's degree in one of the following disciplines. Behavioral Sciences, Technical Sciences, Mathematics or Econometrics. They are appointed as PhD student, or as an indirectly financed PhD student. PhD students within IOPS are financed by the participating universities or by NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research). The annual report of 2009 reported a total of 41 PhD student projects in progress, and three projects exceeding the project time limits on 31 December 2009. In 2010, 7 PhD student projects were completed, 10 new projects were started, and 1 project was left unfinished. On 31 december 2010, 44 projects were still in progress. Three more projects exceeded the project time limits and are therefor no longer mentioned in the 2010 summary of projects. 4.1 Status of projects Completed projects From 1 January - 31 December 2010, the following PhD students successfully defended their PhD theses: 1. Rudy Ligtvoet (Tilburg University) 2. Olga Lukociene (Tilburg University) 3. Gerben Moerman (VU University Amsterdam) 4. Joris Mulder (Utrecht University) 5. Rens Van de Schoot (Utrecht University) 6. Marieke Spreeuwenberg (Tilburg University) 7. Jorge Tendeiro (University of Groningen) Projects in progress beyond project time limits The projects of the following PhD students are still in progress, but have exceeded the project time limit: 1. Tina Glasner (Wagening University) 2. Marieke Polak (Leiden University) 3. Marthe Straatemeijer (University of Amsterdam The above projects are no longer mentioned in the summary of projects Projects left unfinished The following student left the IOPS Graduate School before completing the project: 1. Deirdre Giesen (Utrecht University) 29 IOPS annual report 2010 New projects From 1 January - 31 December 2010, the projects of the following 10 PhD students were accepted in the IOPS Research School: 1. Mariska Barendse (University of Groningen) 2. Matthieu Brinkhuis (university of Amsterdam / Cito) 3. Britt Qiwei He (Twente University) 4. Gabriela Koppenol-Gonzalez Marin (Tilburg University) 5. Cor Ninaber (Leiden University) 6. Iris Smits (University of Groningen) 7. Daniel Van der Palm (Tilburg University) 8. Maaike Van Groen (Twente University / Cito) 9. Ruud Van Keulen (Tilburg University) 10. Gerko Vink (Tilburg University) 30 4 Students and projects 4.2 Summary of projects A Bayesian approach for handling response bias and incomplete data PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Marianna Avetisyan Department of Educational Measurement and Data Analysis Faculty of Educational Science and Technology, Twente University P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede 053 489 5583 / 3555 (secretary) m.avetisyan@gw.utwente.nl Prof. dr. C.A.W. Glas & dr. ir. J.-P. Fox 1 July 2008 - 1 July 2012 NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) Summary The collection of data through surveys on personal and sensitive issues may lead to answer refusals and false responses, making inferences difficult. Respondents often have a tendency to agree rather than disagree (acquiescence) and a tendency to give socially desirable answers (social desirability). The randomized response (RR) technique has been used to diminish the response bias. Attention will be focused on the usefulness of the randomized response technique. Different settings will be explored, large-scale but also small-scale survey data for binary and polytomous response data. Methodological developments will be made to handle different settings and to test different real-data hypotheses. Besides the problem of misreporting, respondents may not report an answer to one or more questions. Missing data can also occur due to other causes like, interviewer errors (omitted questions, illegible recording of responses, etc.), and inadmissible multiple responses. In fact, it is not unusual for large data sets to have missing data on a few items. The persons cannot be omitted from the analysis based on the fact that they skipped a few questions since it will result in deletion of a substantial part of the data (these participants provide information on the answered items). In a Bayesian approach, the incomplete data problem can be solved by repeatedly solving the complete data problem. In the setting of large-scale comparative survey data, attention is focused on country-specific imputation methods and/or models for the missing data mechanism. 31 IOPS annual report 2010 Expectancy effects on the analysis of behavioral research data PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Marjan Bakker Department of Methodology, University of Amsterdam Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam 020 525 6763 / 6870 (secretary) M.Bakker1@uva.nl Prof. dr. H.L.J. Van der Maas , dr. J.M. Wicherts 1 March 2009 - 1 April 2013 NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) Summary Behavioral researchers normally try to avoid expectancy effects during data collection, but they perform the statistical analysis of their study themselves. In this project we study whether researchers’ expectations can bias their statistical results. We propose that researchers may suffer from confirmation bias which may result in a failure to notice statistical errors that are in line with their hypotheses. Moreover, we hypothesize that researchers may resort to alternative analyses when the planned analysis fails to support their hypothesis. Expectancy effects on statistical outcomes will be studied by means of re-analyses and by employing correlational, experimental, and meta-analytical methods. 32 4 Students and projects Dimensionality assessmentof polytomous items (new project) PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Mariska Barendse Heijmans Institute, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 31, 9712 TG Groningen 050 363 9356 / 6340 (secretary) m.t.barendse@rug.nl Dr. M.E. Timmerman, dr. R.R. Meijer 1 September 2010 - 1 September 2014 NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) Summary of project Personality scales are popular instruments to measure individual’s traits. As important decisions on individuals are based on such measurements, scales of good quality are essential. Scale evaluation critically depends on appropriately assessing the number of traits measured, that is, the dimensionality of the items. For personality scales, which commonly consist of polytomous items, it is unclear which dimensionality assessment method should be used. A comparative study, including various methods associated with factor analysis and nonparametric item response theory, will be performed. The ultimate goal is to provide proper, well-founded guidelines for the dimensionality assessment of polytomous items in personality scales. 33 IOPS annual report 2010 The theory and practice of item sampling (new project) PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Matthieu Brinkhuis Psychometric Research Center (POC), CITO P.O. Box 1034, 6801 MG Arnhem 26 352 1167 / 1124 (secretary) matthieu.brinkhuis@cito.nl prof. dr G.K.M. Maris 1 April 2008 - 1 April 2013 Cito / RCEC Summary of project In the seminal work of Lord and Novick, Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores (1968), the idea of item sampling is put forth. Though Johnson and Lord (1958) already introduced the idea a decade before, it seems that it has not gained much popularity in neither literature nor applications since. One of the explanations for the lack of attention in this area might be the use of generalized symmetric means (gsm) (Lord and Novick, p. 238), which are a highly complicated set of expressions limiting the usability of the whole procedure. However, responses gathered through randomly selected items hold several desirable properties for which other procedures than the one suggested by Lord and Novick can be employed. Purpose of this proposal is to develop and apply such alternative procedures, and thus to extend item sampling theory. 34 4 Students and projects Person-misfit in item response models explained by means of nonparametric and multilevel logistic regression models PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Judith Conijn Department of Methodology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tilburg University P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg 013 466 2089 / 2544 (secretary) j.conijn@uvt.nl Prof. dr. K. Sijtsma, dr. M.A.L.M. Van Assen, dr. W.H.M. Emons 1 October 2007 - 1 October 2012 NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) Summary Performance on psychological tests and personality inventories may be unexpected. This may be due to cheating or test anxiety (achievement testing), or response inconsistency or lack of traitedness (personality). Traditional person-fit measures are primitive in that they only flag unexpected performance but do not provide explanatory information. Two recent approaches provide more explanatory information. One is flexible (i.e., nonparametric) but only suggests an explanation. The other is not as flexible (i.e., parametric) but explicitly uses auxiliary information in a multilevel framework. Both approaches are studied and integrated so as to provide a better understanding of individual test performance. 35 IOPS annual report 2010 Causal networks for psychological measurement PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Angélique Cramer Department of Methodology, University of Amsterdam Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam 020 525 6876 / 6870 (secretary) a.o.j.cramer@uva.nl Dr. D. Borsboom, prof. dr. H.L.J. Van der Maas 1 March 2008 - 1 March 2012 NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) Summary Current psychometric models conceptualize psychological constructs as latent variables. Latent variables function as the common cause of a number of observable ‘indicator’ variables; for instance, the latent variable 'depression' is taken to be the common cause of a number of observable depression symptoms, such as fatigue, depressed mood, and lack of sleep. Individual differences on the (aggregated) observable indicators are then used to infer individual differences in the constructs measured. This is the logic of construct validity theory, as it has been practiced in the past decades. For many important psychological attributes, however, it is unlikely that this conceptualization is correct. For instance, the correlation between sleep deprivation and fatigue is more likely to result from a direct effect (i.e., if you do not sleep, you get tired) than from a common cause, as hypothesized in a latent variable model. In such situations, a plausible hypothesis is that constructs like depression refer to causal networks that involve a set of observables, rather than to the common cause of these observables. Indicator variables that are relevant to a construct will, in such cases, be correlated; not, however, because they result from the same underlying cause, but because they are part of the same causal system. Because this is fundamentally inconsistent with existing psychometric theory, to accommodate situations in which constructs form causal networks, a different methodological approach is needed. The present project aims to develop such an approach through three subprojects: a) the development of new psychometric theory based on the assumption that constructs are causal networks, b) the development of a methodological toolbox that allows for the implementation of this theory in empirical research, and c) an application of the theory to diagnostic systems used in clinical psychology. 36 4 Students and projects Linear logistic test models for rule-based item generation PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Hanneke Geerlings Department of Educational Measurement and Data Analysis, Faculty of Educational Science and Technology, Twente University, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede 053 489 2506 / 3555 (secretary) h.geerlings@gw.utwente.nl Prof. dr. C.A.W. Glas, prof. dr. W. J. Van der Linden 1 September 2007 - 1 September 2011 Twente University Summary This project is embedded in a larger project called ‘Rule-based Item Generation of Algebra Word Problems Based upon Linear Logistic Test Models for Item Cloning and Optimal Design’ that is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation). The project is a collaboration between the Universities of Münster and Twente. In this project, techniques from cognitive analysis, item response theory (IRT), hierarchical modeling, and optimal design theory are combined to develop procedures for automated item generation and test assembly for the testing of basic mathematical competencies in early secondary education, as can be assessed with algebra word problems. It will also be investigated how the models and procedures should be optimized and generalized when they are applied in computerized adaptive testing, testing for diagnosis, and large-scale educational assessments. The final goal is the development of a software program which adaptively generates tailor-made items for algebra word problems based on optimal design, linear-logistic test models, and models for test item cloning. The subproject presented here focuses on the statistical aspects of the project. Starting point is the classical version of the linear-logistic test model (e.g., Fischer, 1995). This model will be extended through incorporating random effects as well as interaction effects. The hierarchical model for item cloning will be provided with a structure for the item parameters developed in other sub-projects. The parameters of the model will be estimated in a Bayesian framework, by means of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) computation. If time allows, estimation in a frequentist framework (by means of Marginal Maximum Likelihood, MML, estimation) can also be considered. The result will be used in the application of optimal design techniques for automated test assembly from pools of item families. The selection criteria will be based on the hyperparameters that describe the item families instead of the usual lower-level parameters of the discrete items. Both information-based and Bayesian criteria for item selection will be studied. 37 IOPS annual report 2010 Response burden and measurement error in business survey data collection (student left IOPS before completion of the project) PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Deirdre Giesen Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht 045 570 7388 igin@cbs.nl Prof. dr. G.J.M. Snijkers, prof. dr. J.J. Hox, dr. F. van de Pol 1 January 2007 - 1 January 2010 CBS / Utrecht University Summary Traditionally, data collection methodology for household surveys has received more attention than business surveys. Dillmann (2000) strikingly describes the implicit model for conducting government business surveys as a Cost-Compensation Model. This implicit model is guided by the overall aim to reduce costs of data collection and the reliance on government authority in general and the mandatory nature of many surveys in particular to compensate for the resulting lack of respondent friendliness. However, times are changing and there is an increasing interest in data collection methodology for business statistics (e.g. Sudman, Willimack, Nichols & Mesenbourg, 2000; Jones, 2003; Morrison, Stettler and Anderson, 2004; Bavdaz, 2006). Important factors at Statistics Netherlands in this respect are the overall goal to measure and where necessary improve the quality of the statistical process and the aim to reduce both actual and perceived response burden. In 2003, the Data Collection Expertise Program was established to professionalize and coordinate the data collection for establishments at Statistics Netherlands (Snijkers, Göttgens & Luppes, 2003). The proposed research will be carried out by Deirdre Giesen, methodologist at the Division of Methodology and Quality of Statistics Netherlands, as part of the research program of the Department of Methodology. Goal of this research is to increase the quality of data collection for business surveys by reducing response burden and by detecting, preventing and correcting non-sampling measurement error. An important result of the research will be a proposal for a monitoring system for the data collection for business surveys at Statistics Netherlands. 38 4 Students and projects Computerized adaptive text-based testing in psychological and educational measurement (new project) PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Britt Qiwei He OMD / Toegepaste Onderwijskunde, Twente University, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede 053 489 2829 / 3555 (secretary) q.he@utwente.nl Prof. dr. C.A.W. Glas, prof. dr. ir. Th. De Vries dr. ir. B.P. Veldkamp 1 February 2009 - 1 February 2013 Stichting Achmea Slachtofferhulp Samenleving Summary of project Computerized adaptive testing (CAT, Wainer et al., 1990, van der Linden & Glas, 2002, 2010 (in Press)) has become increasingly popular during the past decade in both educational and psychological measurement. The flexibility of CAT combined with the possibilities of internet-based testing seems profitable for many operational testing programs (Bartram & Hambleton, 2006). In CAT, the items are adapted to the level of the respondent, that is, the difficulty of the items is adapted to the estimated level of the respondent. If the performance on previous items has been rather weak, an easy item will be presented next, and if the performance on previous items has been rather strong, a more difficult item will be selected for administration. The main advantage of this approach is that the test length can be reduced considerably without loosing measurement precision. Besides, the respondents are administered items at their specific ability level, which implies that they won’t get bored by to easy items or frustrated by too difficult ones. The measurement framework underlying CAT comes from Item Response Theory (IRT). One of the key features of IRT is that both item and person parameters are distinguished in the measurement model. For dichotomously scored items, the probability of a correct or positive response depends on person parameters such as the ability level of the person and on item parameters such as the difficulty-, discriminationand pseudo-guessing parameter. For a thorough introduction to IRT, one is referred to Hambleton and Swaminathan (1985) or Embretson and Reise (1991). In this PhD project, the focus is on open answer questions where more complicated automated scoring algorithms have to be developed. Applications are either within the context of psychological or educational measurement. The technology of CAT has been developed for multiple-choice items in the cognitive domain that are dichotomously or polytomously scored. For these items, both the correct and the incorrect answers are precisely defined and automated scoring can be implemented on the fly. For other item types, application of CAT is less straightforward. 39 IOPS annual report 2010 For example for open-answer questions, automated scoring rules can be much more complicated. Further, CAT is more and more applied outside the traditional cognitive domain. Initially, the present project will focus on the assessment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 40 4 Students and projects The potential of Item Response Theory to predict social acceptance of new technologies: Bionanotechnology PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Tamara Hendrick Marketing and Consumer Behaviour Group, room 5016, Wageningen University P.O.Box 8130, 6700 EW Wageningen 0317 48 3636 / 3385 (secretary) tamara.hendrick@wur.nl Prof. Dr. Lynn J. Frewer, Dr. Hilde Tobi, Dr. Arnout R. H. Fischer 1 June 2008 - 1 June 2012 Wageningen University (IP/OP) Summary A recent technological development of potential benefit to the agri-food sector in particular, and society more generally, is nanobiotechnology. However, for this technology to reach its full, it must first be accepted by society. Public attitudes towards nanobiotechnology are likely to be effective predictors of acceptance of both technology and its applications, are therefore relevant to its strategic development and commercialisation. However, measuring current attitudes towards nanobiotechnology proves difficult, because existing attitudes tend to be uncrystalised. In addition, existing methodologies are unsuccessful at predicting these attitudes where these circumstances apply. A statistical model that can predict individual attitudes towards different applications of nanobiotechnology is the item response theory (IRT). An attractive property of IRT is that it is invariant, making the model independent of group responses and test items. Application of IRT will enable attitudinal assessment to occur for different groups of respondents or acrossdifferent bionanotechnology applications.The objective of the research is to improve predictions of social acceptance of emerging technologies and their applications by developing a valid and reliable methodological approach to instrument development. An important research activity relates to the measurement of attitudes towards nanobiotechnology and its applications. 41 IOPS annual report 2010 Mathematical proficiency in primary education: Cognitive processes and predictability PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Marian Hickendorff Psychometrics and Research Methodology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden 071 527 3765 / 3761 (secretary) hickendorff@fsw.leidenuniv.nl Prof. dr. W.J. Heiser, dr. C.M. Van Putten, dr. N.D. Verhelst 1 January 2006 - 1 January 2011 Leiden University / Cito Arnhem Summary General aim of this project is to systematically describe and analyze mathematical proficiency in primary education. Reform in mathematics education and changes in mathematical achievement give rise to the need for this research. The present study aims at going beyond analysis of pure achievement, in the following way: by applying advanced data analysis techniques which have an opportunity to include predictor variables and by extending the type of data analyzed with information on the cognitive processes involved in solving mathematical problems. So, several advanced data analyses will be conducted in which the effects of predictor variables are included, on data with information on cognitive processes in addition to correct/incorrect scoring to get robust substantive conclusions. The research objectives lie in two domains. Primary objectives are in the domain of mathematics education, where exploratory analyses followed by carefully set up data collections should lead to a deeper understanding of the processes involved in and the predictability of mathematical proficiency. In the domain of psychometrics, three data analysis techniques aimed at exploration of the data will be compared, and the validity of the construct mathematical proficiency. will be explored by focusing on the response processes. 42 4 Students and projects Bias in the measurement of child attributes in educational research: Measurement bias in multilevel data PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisor Project running from Project financed by Suzanne Jak Department of Pedagogical & Educational Sciences, University of Amsterdam Nieuwe Prinsengracht 130, 1018 VZ Amsterdam 020 525 1261 / 1201 (secretary) s.jak@uva.nl Dr. F.J. Oort 1 January 2009- 1 January 2014 University of Amsterdam Summary Background The measurement of child attributes brings about problems because informants (e.g., the children themselves, their parents, their teachers, etc.) may have different frames of reference when answering test or questionnaire items. Such different frames of reference may result in measurement bias, so that observed differences and changes in test scores do not reflect true differences and changes in child attributes. Measurement bias thus complicates all research into child attributes (e.g., evaluation of intervention effects, sex differences, cultural differences, relationships with explanatory variables). Objectives We will extend existing structural equation modelling (SEM) procedures for the detection of measurement bias with procedures for bias detection in multilevel data, continuous and discrete. We will investigate the feasibility of these new procedures, by applying them in secondary analyses of educational data, investigating the impact of measurement bias on the results of testing substantive hypotheses in educational research, and investigating different ways to account for apparent measurement bias. Method We will first investigate measurement bias in existing data sets of our department by means of secondary analyses. When we find measurement bias, we will account for this bias, and investigate whether the test results of the original hypotheses are different from the test results that are obtained when measurement bias is accounted for. Dependent on our findings, we may modify the SEM procedures, and further investigate the latent variable modelling procedures with simulated data, e.g., to investigate power, effect size indices, and the impact of measurement bias. This approach will be used with various sets of multilevel data, and various sets of discrete data. 43 IOPS annual report 2010 Relevance We will obtain additional knowledge of: (1) the psychometric properties of several measurement instruments that are commonly applied in educational research, (2) the extent of measurement bias in educational research, (3) the impact of possible measurement bias on substantive conclusions, (4) the robustness of educational research to possible measurement bias. Moreover, the research project is psychometrically relevant because it extends and further develops procedures for testing measurement bias in multilevel data, continuous and discrete. Methods to detect measurement bias and to account for measurement bias will result in stronger substantive conclusions. 44 4 Students and projects The use of item response theory for scaling in educational surveys PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Khurrem Jehangir Department of Educational Measurement and Data Analysis, Faculty of Educational Science and Technology, Twente University, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede 053 489 3864 / 3555 (secretary) k.jehangir@gw.utwente.nl Prof. dr. C.A.W. Glas, dr. A.A. Béguin 1 May 2006 - 1 September 2011 Twente University Summary This project focuses on the application of item response theory (IRT) in the context of large-scale international educational surveys, such as PISA, TIMSS, CIVICS and PEARLS. Although IRT methodology has been widely used in educational applications such as test construction, norming of examinations, detection of item bias, and computerized adaptive testing, large scale education surveys present a number of specific problems. A number of these problems are addressed in the present proposal. The first problem relates to the detection of cultural bias over countries. Statistical tests to detect item bias are available, but the sheer numbers of students (over 10.000) and countries (between 30 and 70) present feasibility problems related to the power of the tests and the presentation of the tests results, which has to be concise and meaningful. Therefore, test statistics will probably need to be redefined and functions for these statistic need to be defined that give information with respect to the seriousness of model violations in relation to the inferences that need to be made. The second problem relates to modeling of item bias. One of the possibilities in this respect that will be investigated is modeling item bias by adding country-specific item parameters or item parameters which are random over the countries. A related problem is the definition of test statistics which support the appropriateness the bias model. The third problem relates to the combination of the results of IRT measurement models with multilevel structural models that relate cognitive outcomes with background variables. Several procedures are available (concurrent and two-step procedures, maximum likelihood, Bayesian procedures and plausible value imputation). A study will be made of the relative merits and disadvantages of these methods. The fourth problem relates to linking surveys, predominantly over cycles within a survey, but possibly also between surveys. The possibility of linking arises because a survey as PISA retained a number of cognitive items and background questions over the cycles (2000, 2003, 2006 and 2009). The possibility of linking over surveys may be supported by such occasions as common items and questions or a common framework. In 45 IOPS annual report 2010 the latter case, a dedicated linking design may be called for. The psychometric problems related to these forms of linking, both pertaining to the measurement model and the structural model will be investigated. The supervisors of this research project are involved in a consortium led by Cito to implement Core B (background questionnaires) of the fourth cycle of the PISA by OECD. The proposed methods will be evaluated using examples of the various PISA cycles. However, the method will also be evaluated using data from the TIMSS project, and using data from national assessments as PPON and NAEP. 46 4 Students and projects Improving statistical power in studies on event occurrence by using an optimal design PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Kasia Jozwiak Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht 030 253 7983 / 4438 (secretary) k.jozwiak@uu.nl Dr. ir. M. Moerbeek, prof. P.G.M. Van der Heijden 1 January 2009 - 1 January 2013 NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) Summary The main research question in studies on event occurrence is whether and when subjects experience a particular event, such as the onset of daily smoking or the shift to adulthood. The experience of such an event and its timing can be related to explanatory variables such as gender, socio-economic status, educational level, and, in the case of an experiment, treatment condition. Such a variable’s effect should be identifiable with sufficient probability, so the power of a study on event occurrence should be controlled in the design phase. In studies on event occurrence subjects may be monitored continuously, or be measured at intervals. Interval measurement is often used in the behavioural sciences but sample size formulae for such trials are not readily available. The proposed research aims to remedy this deficiency by providing guidelines for the indices governing the number of subjects, the number of measurements per subject, the placement of the measurement points in time and the duration of the study. Where possible, mathematical formulae that relate sample size and duration to statistical power will be derived analytically. Otherwise, the effect of these design factors on statistical power will be studied on the basis of simulation studies taking into account realistic conditions such as drop-out rates and the varying costs per treatment condition. A study that is not carefully designed is a waste of resources. Therefore, ethical review committees and organizations funding scientific research frequently require research proposals to include power calculations. The proposed research will provide guidelines for efficient study-designs for use in event occurrence studies – ensuring that the financial cost and the number of subjects are minimized and sufficient power is guaranteed. From a scientific point of view this proposed research project is fundamental since it will enable future researchers to plan their research more efficiently. Keywords: statistical power, cost-efficient designs, survival analysis, hypothesis testing. 47 IOPS annual report 2010 Testing the mutualism model of general intelligence PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisor Project running from Project financed by Kees Jan Kan Department of Methodology, University of Amsterdam Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam 020 525 6876 / 6870 (secretary) k.j.kan@uva.nl Prof. dr. H.L.J. Van der Maas, dr. C.V. Dolan 1 April 2007 - 1 April 2011 University of Amsterdam Summary Van der Maas, Dolan, Grasman, Wicherts, Huizenga & Raijmakers (2006) proposed a new theory of general intelligence based on the idea of mutualistic interactions during development between the cognitive processes underlying intelligence. They showed that such interactions lead to a positive manifold of correlations between scores on cognitive tasks. This theory is an important alternative for the standard g theory (Jensen, 1998), which conceptualized g as a single latent dimension. The aim of this project is to further investigate the mutualism model. Topics are: model extension, model equivalence, evidence from experimental data, and evidence from longitudinal correlational data. 48 4 Students and projects Question format and response style behaviour in attitude research PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Natalia Kieruj Department of Methodology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tilburg University P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg 013 466 3527 / 2544 (secretary) n.d.kieruj@uvt.nl Prof. dr. J.K. Vermunt, dr. G.B.D. Moors 1 September 2007 - 1 May 2011 NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) Summary Attitude questions differ in format, e.g. differences in numbering and labelling of response categories. It has been argued that the validity and reliability of attitudes is affected by the choice of question format. At the same time, it is acknowledged that response style behaviour can bias the measurement of attitudes as well as bias the estimates of the effect of covariates. This research project links these two issues by focusing on the impact of question format on the likelihood of response bias, i.e. acquiescence and extreme response style, in attitude research. 49 IOPS annual report 2010 Statistical models for reductive theories PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Rogier Kievit Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam 020 525 6688 / 6830 (secretary) r.a.kievit@uva.nl dr. D. Borsboom, dr. L.J. Waldorp, dr. J.W. Romeijn, prof dr. H.L.J. Van der Maas 1 August 2008 - 1 August 2012 University of Amsterdam Summary This project reformulates the reduction problem as measurement problem, by focusing on the question how we should combine physical and psychological indicators in a single measurement structure. In the first subproject, different positions that have been articulated in the philosophy of mind, such as identity theory and supervenience, are translated into different psychometric models. In the second subproject, these models are applied to existing datasets involving a) the relation between IQ and physical properties of the brain (e.g., brain volume), b) the relation between EEG measures of speed of processing and IQ,and c) the relation between anatomical differences in the brain and different kinds of synesthetic experience. In the third subproject, the prospects for a reductive explanation of inter-individual differences on the basis of intra-individual processes is evaluated according to theoretical insights taken from the philosophical literature on reduction. 50 4 Students and projects Unbiased measurement of health-related quality-of-life PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Bellinda King Kallimanis Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Amsterdam (AMC) Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam 020 566 7112 / 4661 (secretary) b.l.kallimanis-king@amc.uva.nl Dr. F.J. Oort, prof. dr. M.A.G. Sprangers 12 March 2008 - 12 March 2012 Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam Summary Problem and objective Health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) is generally measured through self-report. Selfassessment brings about the problem that patients may have different frames of reference when answering HRQL items. As a result, the measurement of HRQL may be biased. That is, observed differences in HRQL scores may reflect something else than true differences in HRQL. Measurement bias may not only be caused by differences in individual and environmental characteristics (e.g., gender, age, education, ethnicity, mother tongue), but also by differences in treatment and other clinical variables (e.g., diagnosis, disease severity). Therefore, even when patients are randomised, treatment effects on HRQL are biased when treated patients have another frame of reference than control patients. In the proposed research, the objectives are to identify predominant sources of bias in the measurement of HRQL, to account for these biases, and to determine the clinical significance of true effects on unbiased HRQL. Method Structural equation modelling with latent variables (LVM) provides a way to detect measurement bias, to account for apparent bias, and to measure true (i.e., unbiased) effects on HRQL. In the proposed research, LVM will be used in secondary analyses of existing data sets from randomised and non-randomised trials in clinical and psychosocial medicine. We will examine a range of clinical, individual, and environmental sources of bias in HRQL outcomes. Several suitable data sets are available for secondary analysis. The clinical significance of both measurement bias and true effects in HRQL will be evaluated with a generalisation of the “number needed to treat” and some other effect size indices used in medical and social science research. 51 IOPS annual report 2010 Possible results We will obtain insight into the size of measurement bias and its impact on observed differences, changes and effects in HRQL. With that, we will also obtain insight into the true effects of clinical, individual, and environmental variables on (unbiased) HRQL, and into the clinical significance of these true effects. Knowledge of true effects in HRQL will facilitate treatment decisions and patient care, and thus further evidence-based medicine. 52 4 Students and projects The influence of strategy use on working memory task performance (new project) PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Gabriela Koppenol-Gonzalez Marin MTO, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg 013 466 4030 / 2544 (secretary) g.v.gonzalezmarin@uvt.n prof. dr J.K. Vermunt, dr. S. Bouwmeester 15 March 2009 - 15 March 2013 Tilburg University Summary There are some robust effects on WM that are replicated in different studies over the years, like the visual similarity effect and the phonological similarity effect (e.g., Hitch et al., 1989; Poirier et al., 2007). The nature of these effects has been investigated, but research in which group means are compared show inconsistent results. Other researchers have focused more on the methodology and individual differences in WM research (e.g., Logie et al, 1996; Della Sala & Logie, 1997; Engle, 1999). These studies have shown that there are different influences on performance besides the aforementioned effects, like task demands and strategy use. Because this focus seems to lead to useful information about the cognitive processes involved in working memory, there is a need for further refinement of the methodology. The aim of this project is to address this issue. First, we want to investigate the development of WM and test the hypothesis that younger children process information mostly visually, whereas older children process information mostly verbally. Second, we want to further investigate this question by distinguishing the different cognitive processes that underlie the different strategies. Third, we want to explore different measurement tools that enable us to investigate the influence of strategy use and task demands on performance in order to better understand the model of working memory of Baddeley and Hitch and its generalization. Finally, in addressing these aims, we will apply a latent variable approach. 53 IOPS annual report 2010 Robustness issues for cluster randomised trials PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Elly Korendijk Department of Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht 030 253 7983 / 4438 (secretary) e.j.h.korendijk@uu.nl Prof. dr. P.G.M. Van der Heijden, dr. ir. M. Moerbeek 1 September 2005 - 1 September 2010 NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) Summary Cluster randomised trials randomise complete groups to treatment conditions. The estimates of the model parameters and their standard errors are only correct if the chosen statistical regression model includes all necessary fixed and random effects, and if the model assumptions are satisfied. Furthermore, optimal designs for cluster randomised trials depend on the values of certain model parameters, of which the true values must be specified in the design stage. This study researches two questions: What is the robustness of optimal designs and estimation methods? What should be done to correct for an incorrect model or an incorrect guess of the model parameters? 54 4 Students and projects Minimal requirements of the reliability of tests and questionnaires PhD student Address Voice Email Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Peter Kruyen Department of Methodology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tilburg University P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg 013 466 3527 / 2544 (secretary) p.m.kruyen@uvt.nl Prof. dr. K. Sijtsma, dr. W.H.M. Emons 15 November 2008 - 15 November 2012 NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) Summary A test’s reliability often is the basis for advise to test constructors, researchers and test users on which test to use for accurately classifying individuals in diagnostic categories. However, the classical reliability coefficient does not provide information that is adequate for this purpose. This study investigates how individual classification accuracy depends on properties of the test and its items, the population studied, and the decision-making problem. Its output will be tables that give the minimum quality requirements for tests and their constituent items, given a known population distribution and a well-defined classification problem. 55 IOPS annual report 2010 Chained equations PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Rebecca Kuiper Department of Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht 030 253 1571 / 4438 (secretary) r.m.kuiper@uu.nl Prof. dr. H.J.A. Hoijtink 1 May 2007 - 1 May 2012 NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) Part of Vici project by H.J.A. Hoijtink “Learning more from empirical data using prior knowledge” Summary Theories often have multiple implications that have to be evaluated. Multiple hypotheses addressing different variables are not easily summarized in one statistical model, because often it is too complicated to account for the dependencies between the variables. Multiple hypotheses are usually evaluated separately which increases the probability of errors of the first kind and/or reduces the power. See, for example, Toothaker (1993), Benjamini and Hochberg (1995) and Maxwell (2004) for a discussion of these matters. In this project chained equations (van Buuren, Boshuizen, Knook, 1999; Raghunathan, Lepkowski, Van Hoewyk, and Solenberger, 2001; Buuren, Brand, Groothuis-Oudshoorn and Rubin, to appear) will be used to build statistical models for multiple hypotheses addressing the same or different data sets. Chained equations have thus far been used for multiple imputation of missing values. Here they will be used to build one statistical model for the evaluation of multiple hypotheses. 56 4 Students and projects Models and methods for invariant item ordering (project completed) PhD student Affiliation Project financed by Project running from Date of defence Title of thesis Promotores Rudy Ligtvoet Department of Methodology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tilburg University Tilburg Unversity 1 January 2006 - 1 January 2010 16 April 2010 Essays on invariant item ordering Prof. dr. K. Sijtsma, prof. dr. J.K. Vermunt, dr. A. Van der Ark Summary Items in a test or a questionnaire have an invariant item ordening (IIO) if the items have an identical ordering according to difficulty or atractiveness for every individual in the population of interest, with the exeption of possible ties. Several applications of test results require an IIO. Examples are the investigation of developmental theories, differential item functioning, aberrant response patterns, and the use of starting and stopping rules in administration. This Ph.D project proposal contains four parts, each investigating different aspects of the ordering of polytomous items in a test or questionnaire. The first project aims at the development of an item response theory model, which implies an invariant item ordering of polytomous items, which implies an invariant ordering. The psychometric properties of these models will be investigated. Second, methods for testing the invariant ordering of polytomous items, which have not yet been investigated thoroughly, are further developed and compared. Third, the use of latent class analysis as a tool for estimating item orderings is explored. Fourth, the newly developed models and methods are applied in the real data. 57 IOPS annual report 2010 Tailoring to the MAX: Using new IC technology to increase data quality and efficiency in panel surveys PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Peter Lugtig Department of Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht 030 253 4764 / 4438 (secretary) p.lugtig@uu.nl Prof. dr. J.J. Hox, dr. G.J.L.M. Lensvelt-Mulders 1 September 2007 - 1 September 2012 Utrecht University Summary Panel studies hold the promise of providing reliable and valid data on change over time. This dissertation project investigates measurement error in panel data with the aim to improve the quality of future data collection and to enhance the scientific knowledge of the question-answer process. The possibilities of dependent interviewing techniques (DI) and the analysis of attrition patterns to improve data quality and survey efficiency will be evaluated. We compare three alternative approaches to dependent interviewing (proactive, reactive and optional) with traditional interviewing to study the effects of the different designs on measurement error. To do so we propose to conduct a 4×2×2 experimental design. Three main effects will be studied: 1) The effects of four different techniques for dependent interviewing on measurement error and stability of traits over time, 2) the effects of anchoring as a result of DI, and 3) the effects of DI on different kind of questions i.e. facts and attitudes. All interaction effects will be studied as well. Attrition patterns will be studied and used to improve the imputation of missing data and in doing so improve the estimation of substantive variables. Because the methodological problems studied in this project stem from respondent’s behaviour this project will be a joint work of the Departments of Methods and Statistics and Psychology of Utrecht University. Five hundred first year students will take part in a longitudinal survey on students’ motivation, satisfaction, and grades, related to the development of their academic literacy during their bachelor years. 58 4 Students and projects Performance of latent class analysis based random-coefficient models (project completed) PhD student Affiliation Project financed by Project running from Date of defence: Title of thesis Promotor Olga Lukociene Department of Methodology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tilburg University NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) 1 September 2004 - 1 September 2008 26 March 2010 Latent class models for categorical data with a multilevel structure Prof. dr. J.K. Vermunt Summary The two basic assumptions underlying standard linear random-effects models - normal errors and normal random effects - may be unrealistic in social science research. Outcome variables of interest are very often categorical variables, which makes it necessary to use non-linear mixed models. Also the distributional assumptions about random effects are not realistic in most applications. Latent class regression analysis provides an alternative nonparametric approach that relaxes this assumption and that makes it straightforward to deal with categorical outcome variables. The objective of this project is to provide a systematic comparison between parametric and nonparametric random-coefficients models. 59 IOPS annual report 2010 Simulator-based automatic assessment of driving performance PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Maarten Marsman Central Institute for Educational Measurement (CITO) Amsterdamseweg 13, 6814CM Arnhem 026 352 1003 / 1124 (secretary) maarten.marsman@cito.nl Prof. dr. C.A.W. Glas, prof. dr. K. Brookhuis, dr. M.J.H. Van Onna 1 January 2009 - 1 january 2014 Cito Arnhem and RCEC (Twente University) Summary The purpose of this PhD project is to design a reliable and valid automatic performance scoring system for a simulator based test for driving. In order to design a simulator test, apart from optimizing the technical or virtual presentation of the scenario’s in the simulator, several statistical and methodological problems have to be tackled. First, because performance in the simulator cannot be automatically scored yet, assessors have to be used to obtain evaluation of pupil driver behaviour. A cognitive model is developed at TNO that learns the relation between ratings of assessors and registered objective performance measures by the simulator. Since the quality of the cognitive model is dependent on the quality of the information provided by assessors, a sound IRT-based measurement model for the assessors’ data has to be developed to feed the cognitive model with optimal information. The output of the cognitive model will be used to select objective measures which are good predictors of the judgements of the assessors. Then a compound IRT model will be designed where one element is the IRT-based measurement model for the assessor judgements and the other an IRT model for assessment based on the selected predictors. When the test has been designed and the models have been developed and validated, two projects remain. First, a cross-sectional study will be performed to create norm distributions for groups defined as beginning pupil drivers, advanced pupil drivers, license candidates, drivers one year post-licences, and very experienced drivers. Second, the assessors’ and simulator assessment scores will be correlated with additional measurements of supposedly related cognitive processes involved in driving, in particular in-car performance assessments, self-evaluation of driving competence and the Cito Drive computer based tests of responsible driving. 60 4 Students and projects Optimal designs for fMRI experiments PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Bärbel Maus Group Methodology & Statistics, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, NL-6200 MD Maastricht 043 388 2905 / 2395 (secretary) baerbel.maus@@maastrichtuniversity.nl Prof. dr. M.P.F. Berger, prof. dr. R. Goebel, prof. dr. L.M.G. Curfs, dr. G.J.P. Van Breukelen 1 October 2006 - 1 October 2010 NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) Summary Cognitive processes can be studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments. Different within subject and between subject designs exist with their own advantages and disadvantages. This research project aims at finding optimal designs for fMRI experiments that have maximal efficiency and maximal power for finding real effects. By means of results from the statistical theory of optimal designs for generalized linear mixed effects models, including both random and fixed parameters together with (auto)correlated errors, the problem of finding optimal designs can be formulated as a nonlinear optimisation problem. The optimal designs will be empirically evaluated with real fMRI data. 61 IOPS annual report 2010 Interview-strategies in open interviews (project completed beyond project’s time limits) PhD student Affiliation Project financed by Project running from Date of defence Title of thesis Promotores Gerben Moerman Department of Social Research Methodology, Faculty of Social Sciences, VU University Amsterdam VU University Amsterdam 15 November 2001 - 15 November 2006 (0.8 fte) 16 April 2010 Probing behaviour in open interviews, 168 pp. Prof. dr. J. Van der Zouwen & dr. H. Van den Berg Summary This research is a comparative research in interview-strategies in open interviews, which are being used in pilot studies for preparation and development of new questionnaires, or assessment and correction of used questionnaires in standardised survey research. The research is focussed on the effects of distinguished interview-strategies for open interviews on the quality of acquired information. To compare interviewstrategies the research question concentrates on one dimension of interview-strategies: ways of respondent's treatment by the interviewer in question and answer sequences. Two topics are considered, to determine whether the effects of interviewer-strategies are topic-dependent: Ethnic categorisation, as a controversial topic, and categorisation of primal relations. What is the influence of ways of respondent's treatment by the interviewer in open interviews in question and answer sequences on the quality of the acquired information about ethnic categorisation and categorisation of primal relations? 62 4 Students and projects Statistical modeling of (cognitive) ability differentiation PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Dylan Molenaar Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam 020 525 6584 / 6830 (secretary) d.molenaar@uva.nl Prof. dr. H.L.J. Van der Maas, dr. C.V. Dolan 1 September 2007 - 1 September 2011 NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research), Top Talent Grant Summary No suitable procedures are yet available to investigate ability differentiation, although this phenomenon has important implications for the measurement of cognitive abilities. The aim of the present project is to develop, test, and apply suitable models to investigate ability differentiation. 63 IOPS annual report 2010 Bias and equivalence in cross-cultural survey research: An analysis of instrument comparability in the SPVA survey PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Meike Morren Department of Methodology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tilburg University P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg 013 466 8046 / 2544 (secretary) m.morren@uvt.nl Prof. dr. J.K. Vermunt, dr. J.P.T.M. Gelissen 1 February 2007 - 1 February 2011 NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) Summary Sociological cross-cultural survey studies often ignore the problem of cross-cultural equivalence, thereby tacitly assuming that concepts and terminology are being equally and equivalently evaluated by members in all respondent groups. This project sets out to invest igate to what extent comparabilit y holds for inst ruments included in the publicly and scientifically important Dutch survey "Sociale Positie en Voorzieningengebruik van Allochtonen (SPVA)" . The research uses a mixed-methods research design. The survey is first analyzed with statistical methods for bias detection. Focus groups act as a follow-up that provide information about respondents’ underlying thought processes and assists in interpreting the statistical results. 64 4 Students and projects Inequality constrainted models for the multivariate normal mean: A Bayesian approach (project completed) PhD student Affiliation Project financed by Project running from Date of defence Title of thesis Promotores Joris Mulder Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) Part of Vici project by H.J.A. Hoijtink “Learning more from empirical data using prior knowledge” 1 September 2006 -1 September 2010 3 December 2010 Bayesian model selection for constrained multivariate normal linear models Prof. dr. H.J.A. Hoijtink, dr. ir. G.J.A. Fox, Dr. I.G. Klugkist Summary Instead of focussing on null hypothesis testing, a researcher is often interested in the alternative situation in which the null hypothesis does not hold. The researcher may have several competing theories that have to be tested with the collected data. Competing theories on the means can be, for instance, that the means are increasing from time point 1 to 4 or that the means at time point 1 and 2 are smaller than the means at time point 3 and 4. The aim of this research project is to address this issue for models for the multivariate normal mean using a Bayesian approach. Furthermore, issues that a researcher encounters such as missing data, adjustment of a constrained model, and model averaging are addressed. 65 IOPS annual report 2010 Prediction of disease classes using resting rate state neuroimaging data (new project) PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Cor Ninaber Methodology and Statistics Unit, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden 071 527 1989 / 3761 (secr.) ninaberc@fsw.leidenuniv.nl Dr M. De Rooij, prof. dr W.J. Heiser, prof. dr S.A.R.B. Rombouts 1 March 2010 – 1 March 2014 NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) Summary Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) has become a very popular technique to study functional connectivity in the brain. It appears that the brain is very active even in the absence of explicit input or output behavior. The networks obtained in rest, resemble networks that are typically observed activated during cognitive, sensory or motor tasks and this therefore providing insight into the intrinsic functional architecture of the brain. Furthermore, functional connectivity measures have improved our understanding of variability of behavior and associated brain activity. In addition, RS-fMRI has provided insight in alterations in brain activity between healthy, dementia, depression, ADHD, autism, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and MS subjects. Most investigations are limited to studying whether brain signals differ between patient and control groups. These studies provide important new insights about average (group mean) functional brain connectivity changes in diseases. However, to understand to what extent this innovative technique can be applied for (early) diagnostics en treatment predictions, it is of great interest to study whether we can classify a subject based on his/her RS-fMRI scans. Meaning we are able to see whether RS-fMRI scans of a single subject allow us to determine whether a subject has for instance Alzheimer’s disease, a depression, etc, or is healthy. Suppose there are brain scans of n subjects, which are known to come from different disease classes. The question is whether we can distinguish these groups on the basis of the brain scans, and whether we can accurately predict the status of a single subject based on earlier obtained rules. This is a typical classification question, normally solved using discriminant analysis or some form of logistic regression, but in this case the number of variables is very large, i.e. the measurements on each of the voxels at each of the time points (volumes) This project’s aim is to develop techniques for building highly sophisticated classifion rules, which can be used as a multiclass prediction tool for RS-fMRI scans. 66 4 Students and projects Prediction of the quality of survey questions in cross cultural research PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Daniel Oberski Department of Methodology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tilburg University P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg 013 466 8046 / 2544 (secretary) daniel.oberski@gmail.com Prof. dr. J.A.P. Hagenaars, prof. dr. W.E. Saris, (ESADE, Universidad Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain) 1 October 2006 - 1 October 2011 ESADE, Universidad Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain /Tilburg University Summary Without correction for measurement error, comparative survey research is not possible. During the last 15 years research was done to develop a scientific approach to predict and improve the quality of survey questions. This led to the development of an application programme, SQP, that predicts the quality of survey questions for 3 languages (Dutch, English and German). Now in the European Social Survey (ESS), 20 multitrait-multimethod experiments have been done in more than 20 languages. This huge database offers a tremendous and incomparable opportunity to further investigate the quality of survey questions and the development of the SQP programme for 20 languages. With this programme measurement errors in survey questions can then be investigated and predicted which is essential for comparative survey research in Europe. 67 IOPS annual report 2010 Inequality constrainted models for the multivariate normal mean: A Bayesian approach PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisor Project running from Project financed by Carel Peeters Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht 030 253 1227 / 4438 (secretary) c.f.w.peeters@uu.nl Prof. dr. H.J.A. Hoijtink 1 February 2007 -1 September 2011 NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) Part of Vici project by H.J.A. Hoijtink “Learning more from empirical data using prior knowledge” Summary Researchers often have competing theories that can be translated into inequality constrained models. Such theoretical models cannot be addressed with standard null-hypothesis testing. In this project inequality constrained Bayesian statistical models for the multivariate normal covariance matrix will be developed. Models for the multivariate normal covariance matrix encompass such techniques as: factor analysis, growth curve models, multilevel models, path-models and errors in variables models. The formulation of these models under inequality constraints should make possible the evaluation of substantive inequality constrained theory. Issues such as formal Bayesian prior formulation, parameter estimation using sampling techniques, model selection and multiple group testing will be addressed. Next to articles, the project will also result in a statistical package which, in addition to the other procedures developed in the VICI project Learning more from Empirical Data using Prior Knowledge, will also encapsulate inequality constrained Bayesian statistics for models based on the multivariate normal covariance matrix. 68 4 Students and projects Nonlinear modeling with high volume data sets from systems biology PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisor Project running from Project financed by Ralph Rippe Data Theory Group, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden 071 527 1782 / 4105 (secretary) rrippe@fsw.leidenuniv.nl Prof. dr. J.J. Meulman, prof. dr ing. P.H.C. Eilers 1 June 2006 - 1 June 2011 Leiden University Summary Prediction problems are typically regression problems and supervised classification problems, in which the development of the prediction procedures and their validation go hand-in-hand. Prediction problems are nonlinear when categorical (ordinal or nominal) variables are involved, possibly with numerical variables as well. Large data sets generally come into two forms: either the number of variables is very large compared to the number of observations (wide data sets), or the number of observations is extremely large (long data sets). The current proposal will develop, extend and apply methodology to deal with both forms of large data sets, in a direction which is especially applicable to categorical data through the use of nonlinear transformations. This approach is firmly based in the data analytic and algorithmic tradition of the Data Theory Group at the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences at Leiden University. 69 IOPS annual report 2010 The incremental value of Item Response Theory to personality assessment (new project) PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Iris Smits Heijmans Institute, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen 050 363 7996 / 6366 (secretary) i.a.m.smits@rug.nl Prof. dr R.R. Meijer, dr. M.E. Timmerman 1 November 2009 - 1 November 2013 University of Groningen Summary Psychological assessment is one of psychology’s major contributions to everyday life. An important part of psychological assessment is personality assessment which is a professional activity of numerous research, clinical, and industrial psychologists. In personality assessment often self-report inventories or scales are used. Scale construction and revision within the field of personality measurement relies heavily on classical test theory (CTT) and factor analytic methods. Though CTT methods of scale development and scoring have served personality measurement reasonably well over the last 80 years, CTT has serious limitations and shortcomings (see, for instance, Fischer, 1974). These limitations and shortcomings are related to the fact that CTT is a model for the test performance of a randomly drawn respondent from some well-defined population where the influence of the ability level of the respondent and the influence of the difficulty of tests or items on the test score are not separated. In item response theory (IRT, for an overview, see van der Linden & Hambleton, 1997), on the other hand, the influence of respondents and test items are explicitly modeled by different sets of parameters. This model property proved essential for such activities as linking and equating measurements and evaluation of test bias and differential item functioning. Further, it provided the underpinnings for item banking, optimal test construction, and various flexible test administration designs, such as multiple matrix sampling, flexi-level testing, and computerized adaptive testing. Therefore, in the last decades IRT modeling has rapidly become the theoretical basis for educational assessment and assessment of cognitive ability. In psychology, the development of personality and attitude questionnaires through IRT is almost nonexisting although these models are becoming more popular (e.g., Reise & Waller, 2009; Egberink & Meijer, in press; Meijer, Egberink, Emons, & Sijtsma, 2008). This is unfortunate because the requirements with respect to the objectivity, reliability and validity of psychological assessment are increasing. In this project, we explore the incremental value of IRT to the assessment of personality and psychopathology. 70 4 Students and projects Countering sample selection biases in social and behavioral research (project completed beyond project’s time limits) PhD student Affiliation Project financed by Project running from Date of defence Title of thesis Promotores Marieke Spreeuwenberg Department of Methodology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tilburg University Tilburg University 1 December 2002 - 1 September 2008 29 October 2010 Selection bias in (quasi-) experimental research Prof. dr. J.A.P. Hagenaars, dr. M.A. Croon Summary This project will make an inventory of the different methods that have been proposed to correct for sample selection bias. The assumptions underlying these correction procedures and their mutual relationships will be studied, and their applicability in social and behavioral research will be assessed by using simulation research and by comparing their performance on existing data sets. 71 IOPS annual report 2010 Higher measurement quality of tests and questionnaires by means of more powerful statistics PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Hendrik Straat Department of Methodology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tilburg University P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg 013 466 8046 / 2544 (secretary) j.h.straat@uvt.nl Dr. A. Van der Ark, prof. dr. K. Sijtsma, prof. dr. B.W. Junker 1 September 2009 - 1 September 2012 Tilburg University Summary Tests or questionnaires are often used to measure personality traits, attitudes, opinions, skills, and abilities. A measurement model transforms the respondents’ item scores into a meaningful measurement value. Using a measurement model that does not fit the data may lead to incorrect conclusions with possibly severe consequences: e.g., a wrong diagnosis of a mental patient or an incorrect educational placement. For nonparametric item response theory models - a very general class of measurement models - the available methods to assess fit are insufficient to allow good test construction. In this project better methods are developed that have more power. 72 4 Students and projects Uniqueness, rank, and simplicity of three-way arrays with symmetric slices (project completed) PhD student Affiliation Project financed by Project running from Date of defence Title of thesis Promotores Jorge Tendeiro Department of Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen University of Groningen, funded with grant by FCT (Fundaçāo para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal) 1 October 2006 - 1 October 2010 28 October 2010 Some mathematical results on three-way component analysis Prof. dr. J.M.F.Ten Berge, prof. dr. H.A.L. Kiers Summary For the analysis of three-way data, various generalizations of Principal Components Analysis have been proposed. Tucker (1966) proposed 3-mode PCA, which decomposes a data array as a weighted sum of rankone arrays (outer products of columns of matrices A, B and C), the weights for each outer product being an element of the so-called core array. Carroll and Chang (1970) and Harshman (1970) independently proposed a method which they christened Candecomp and Parafac, respectively. We refer to it as CP. It can be verified that CP is a special case of 3-mode PCA. There is a great need to study more deeply several algebraic properties regarding three-way arrays, such as uniqueness, typical rank, and simplicity. These properties are crucial for a better understanding of the application of methods such as CP. In particular, attention will be devoted to three-way arrays with symmetric slices. 73 IOPS annual report 2010 A comparison between factor analysis and item response theory modeling in scale construction PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Janke Ten Holt Heijmans Institute, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 31, 9712 TG Groningen 050 363 6199 / 6469 (secretary) j.c.ten.holt@rug.nl Dr. A. Boomsma, dr. M.A.J. Van Duijn, dr. M.E. Timmerman, prof. dr. T.A.B. Snijders 1 September 2005 - 1 November 2010 NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) Summary In practice, the two most important approaches for scale construction are either based on factor analytic or item response theory modeling. The proposed research deals with a comparative analysis of both methods, which differ in their assumptions, but share similar principles and coinciding goals. The stability and sensitivity of scales obtained with each method, are topics of investigation. The analysis of empirical data is part of the research design. The aim is to develop, so far lacking, practical recommendations for the applied researcher in a perhaps unified approach. 74 4 Students and projects Constant latent odds-ratios models for the analysis of discrete psychological data PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisor(s) Project running from Project financed by Jesper Tijmstra Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht 030 253 1490 / 4438 (secretary) j.tijmstra@uu.nl Prof. dr. P.G.M. Van der Heijden, prof. K. Sijtsma, dr. D.J. Hessen 1 September 2008 -1 September 2013 Utrecht University Summary The main objective of this project is developing statistical procedures for Constant Latent Odds-Ratios models (CLORs) for dichotomous item scores. Since under dichotomous CLORs models the total score, i.e., the unweighted sum of the item scores, is a sufficient statistic for the latent variable, sound statistical procedures for estimation and goodness of fit assessment are readily attainable. The development of such procedures will make the CLORs models available for practical use. Furthermore, the characteristic assumption of constant latent odds-ratios will be used to define new models for polytomous item scores 75 IOPS annual report 2010 Multiple imputation using mixture models (new project) PhD student Address Voice E-mai Supervisor(s) Project running from Project financed by Daniel Van der Palm MTO, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg 013 466 3270 / 2544 (secretary) d.w.vdrpalm@uvt.nl Prof. dr. J.K. Vermunt, prof. dr. K. Sijtsma, dr. L.A. Van der Ark 1 September 2009 - 1 September 2013 NWO (Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research) Summary The main focus of this project is on the use of mixture models for multiple imputation (MI) of missing data, or more specifically, item nonresponse. Vermunt, Van Ginkel, van der Ark, and Sijtsma (2008) explored the use of a simple latent class model (Goodman, 1974), which is a mixture model for categorical response variables, as a tool for MI. Despite of being a very promising approach, various issues remain unresolved when applying mixture models for MI. The purpose of this project is to address four unresolved problems mentioned by Vermunt et al. (2008) in the discussion section of their article: 1. Whereas Vermunt et al. (2008) concentrated on imputation of data sets containing only categorical variables, most data sets contain combinations of categorical and continuous variables. The current project will investigate how imputation by means of mixture models can best be generalized to such mixed data sets. 2. It is not clear at all whether the decision which statistical model explains the data best (also known as model selection) in the context of mixture modeling for generating multiple imputations can be taken in the same way as when applying mixture models to build a substantively meaningful model. More specifically, standard model selection statistics such as information criteria (AIC, BIC) and overall goodness-of-fit tests seem to be less appropriate for deciding whether a model is a good imputation model. 3. An extended comparison between MI with mixture models and other MI approaches is lacking. In order to assess the usefulness of our approach, it is important to investigate in which situations it performs better than possible alternatives, such as MICE and hot deck imputation. 4. As most of the work on MI, the article by Vermunt et al. (2008) dealt with imputation of data sets containing independent observations. However, many studies in the social and behavioural sciences use designs yielding dependent observations, examples of which are studies using multilevel designs 76 4 Students and projects and longitudinal designs. A fourth aim of this project is to develop mixture MI models for dealing with such complex designs. Besides addressing these four topics, the project should yield software implementations so that the MI methodology becomes available for applied researchers. We aim for making SPSS macro’s available as freeware on the Internet. 77 IOPS annual report 2010 Prior knowledge (project completed) PhD student Affiliation Project financed by Project running from Date of defence Title of thesis Promotor Rens Van de Schoot Methodology & Statistics, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences Utrecht University NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) Part of Vici project by H.J.A. Hoijtink, Learning more from empirical data using prior knowledge. 1 May 2007 -1 November 2011 29 October 2010 Informative hypotheses: How to move beyond classical null hypothesis testing Prof. dr. H.J.A. Hoijtink Summary Project 1: Prior knowledge Researchers often have prior theories, knowledge or expectations regarding the possible outcomes of their analysis of empirical data. In this project prior knowledge and its formalization in inequality constrained models will be studied from a methodical point of view. Project 1.1: Prior knowledge: A literature review In this sub-project a literature study will be executed to elaborate the examples from the beginning of Section 2a with examples from other leading journals in the social and behavioral sciences. The result will be an up to date inventory of the manner in which researchers use their theories, knowledge and expectations when formulating and evaluating null, alternative (that is unconstrained) and informative hypotheses. Attention will be given to three methodical issues: how theories can be translated into informative hypotheses using inequality constraints; how researchers use the statistical theory that is currently available to deal with these informative hypotheses; and, whether or not traditional null and/or alternative hypotheses are useful in addition to the set of informative hypotheses. Attention will also be given to the claim of Hoijtink (2005) that the inferences obtained from empirical data using statistical models will reveal more about reality if data and models are enhanced with prior knowledge in the form of inequality constraints among the parameters of statistical models. Two aspects will receive attention: the usefulness and meaning of simplicity (Popper, 1962; Sober, 2002; Howson, 2002) formalized by means of inequality constrained models for the falsification and selection of theories; and, whether the research led to a validation of one of the theories or that theory change (Romeyn, 2005, Chapter 8; to appear) is necessary. 78 4 Students and projects Project 1.2: Formalizing prior knowledge into inequality constrained models The paper resulting from Project 1.1 will form the basis for a discussion with scientists from Utrecht University. First of all, a dataset of each of the scientists will be discussed. The main questions will be: how they would translate their theories and hypotheses in a set of informative hypotheses; whether or not they would like to add a traditional null and alternative hypothesis; and how they would currently analyze their data. Secondly, each scientist will be asked: to describe two or three contemporary and competing theories that are relevant for their research domain; to name two or more datasets that can be used to evaluate these theories; and, to formalize these theories into informative hypotheses that can be evaluated using these datasets. Momentarily, Prof. Meeus (child and adolescent studies), Prof. van der Lippe (sociology), Prof. van den Hout (clinical psychology) and Prof. van den Bos (social psychology) have agreed that they and members from their group will participate, but other scientists will also be asked to participate. The result of this project will be exemplary sets of hypotheses and data sets that will be used in the other projects and that will be analyzed (Project 1.3 and 1.4) in cooperation with other projects. Furthermore a paper will be written that will illustrate the various ways in which inequality constraints can be used for the translation of theories into statistical models. Project 1.3: Using prior knowledge for the analysis of empirical data: Analysis of variance The proof of the pudding is in the eating, that is, actual use of a new approach is the best test. In Project 1.3 data sets and informative hypotheses resulting from Project 1.2 will be analyzed in cooperation with Project 4. The focus will be on hypotheses that can be formalized in analysis of variance type models enhanced with inequality constraints. The results will be reported to and discussed with the scientists rendering the data sets and informative hypotheses. The point of departure will again be the question how they would have analyzed their data before the approach proposed was available. These analyses will actually be executed. The second question that will be asked is how they value the results obtained with the new and the old approach. The project will result in a paper explaining and illustrating the main ideas of the approach proposed to social and behavioral scientists using inequality constrained analysis of variance type models. Attention will be given to the advantages and disadvantages of the old and proposed approach from a methodical and statistical point of view. Project 1.4: Using prior knowledge for the analysis of empirical data: Structural Equation Modeling Currently, structural equation modeling (as implemented in software like LISREL, AMOS and Mplus) is the main tool available to social and behavioral scientists who want to formalize theories into a set of competing models. The main modeling feature is the presence or absence of relations between observed and latent variables. In this subproject, data sets and hypotheses resulting from Project 1.2 will be used to introduce, explain and illustrate (in cooperation with Project 5) structural equation modeling enhanced with inequality constraints to social and behavioral scientists. The result is a flexible modeling tool in which relations between variables can not only be absent or present, but also weaker (<) or stronger (>) than other relations. This subproject will focus on the situation were the best of a number of competing inequality constrained structural equation models has to be selected. 79 IOPS annual report 2010 Methods for making classification decisions (new project) PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisor Project running from Project financed by Maaike Van Groen Psychometric Research Center (POC), CITO, P.O. Box 1034, 6801 MG Arnhem 026 352 1464 / 1124 (secretary) maaike.vanGroen@cito.nl Prof. dr T.J.H.M. Eggen 1 September 2009 – 1 September 2013 Cito /RCEC (Twente University) Summary Most adaptive tests are constructed in order to estimate the examinees’ ability as efficient and accurate as possible. Computerized classification testing has a different goal: classify the examinee as efficient and accurate as possible into mutual exclusive groups. Computerized classification testing will be investigated in this PhD project. Computerized classification tests (CCT) are computerized adaptive tests (CAT) that select items sequentially for each examinee in order to make a classification decision. The test are also denoted in the literature as sequential mastery tests (SMT). Traditionally, CATs have the goal of estimating the respondent’s ability as accurate as possible, but CCTs have the goal of classifying respondents into groups. A classification decision is made in which the examinee is assigned into one of two or more mutually exclusive categories along the ability scale (Lin & Spray, 2000) using cutting points to separate the categories (Eggen, 1999). A computerized classification test is of variable length and examinees ‘’are classified as masters or nonmasters as soon as there is enough evidence to make a decision’’ (Finkelman, 2008). The classification procedure must choose between three options: to stop testing and classify an examinee as a master, to stop testing and classify an examinee as a non-master, or to continue testing and select a new item. Several procedures are available for making the decisions but also for the way in which items are selected. Six research topics have been formulated for this project. The six research topics are: - A multiple objective stochastic curtailed sequential probability ratio test with exposure control - Multidimensional classification decisions - Exploring methods for classification decisions - Making classification decisions on infomation about future items - Classification decisions using latent class models - Sequential mastery testing methods for respondents near the cutting point. 80 4 Students and projects Validity of psychological questionnaires (new project) PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Ruud Van Keulen MTO, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg 013 466 3270 / 2544 (secretary) r.j.h.vankeulen@uvt.nl Prof. dr. K. Sijtsma, prof. dr.S.S. Pedersen 1 April 2009 - 1 April 2013 Tilburg University Summary Medical psychologists construct and use multi-item questionnaires for the measurement of attributes. For example, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Zigmond & Snaith, 1983) measures anxiety and depressive symptoms, the DS-14 (Denollet, 2005) measures type-D personality, the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale (the WHOQoL Group, 1998) measures quality of life, and the Fatigue Assessment Scale (Michielsen, De Vries, Van Heck, Van de Vijver, & Sijtsma, 2004) measures fatigue. Such questionnaires are used, for example, to study the role personality characteristics play in somatic disease, and the psychological symptoms (e.g., fatigue), which may result from chronic physical disease, psychiatric disorders, or temporary physical conditions. A crucial issue in questionnaire development and application is whether the questionnaire adequately measures the attribute of interest. This is the issue of construct validity. Construct validity is considered to be of the utmost importance, but psychologists often use outdated validation procedures. In particular, the approach to construct validity proposed by Cronbach and Meehl (1955) is still the most popular in use nowadays. Cronbach and Meehl (1955) argued that the existence of an attribute’s nomological network is a prerequisite for the questionnaire’s validation. The validation process entails the empirical testing of the relations in the nomological network. This approach to validation has met with considerable criticism, and the recent publication of both critical and influential papers (e.g., Borsboom, Mellenbergh, & Van Heerden, 2004; Embretson & Gorin, 2001; Kane, 2001; McGrath, 2005; Zumbo, 2007) confirms that the discussion on the theory of validity is at the center of attention in current psychometrics. The approach by Cronbach and Meehl (1955) has been criticized for one reason in particular (Messick, 1989). A strict interpretation of nomological networks prohibits researchers to validate tests for which the attribute is not sufficiently incorporated into a well-developed nomological network. Unfortunately, this 81 IOPS annual report 2010 applies to many attributes. For example, in the context of medical psychology the attribute of fatigue lacks a sound theoretical basis (Michielsen et.al., 2004; also, see Barofsky & Legro, 1991). Because of its shortcomings, Cronbach and Meehl’s (1955) validity approach is difficult to implement in psychological research. Alternatively, researchers take refuge to development of questionnaires on the basis of tradition, habit or intuition, and use few theory-driven guidelines (Sijtsma, in press). Fatigue is an excellent example of an attribute, which is poorly supported by sound theory but for which many questionnaires are available and in frequent use, which all claim to measure fatigue or a fatigue related attribute. Examples of questionnaires are the emotional exhaustion subscale from the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI; Maslach & Jackson, 1986), the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue scale (MAF; Piper, Lindsey, Dodd, Ferketich, & Weller, 1989), and the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS-20; Vercoulen, Alberts, & Bleijenberg, 1999). The lack of sound attribute theory underlying the development of questionnaires affects validation practices in the contemporary research setting. Often construct validity is ascertained by means of highly explorative research strategies. For example, exploratory factor analysis is much used to investigate the structure of the data, and the finding that correlations exist between certain items is presented as evidence that an attribute is measured. Consequently, construct validation is not based on solid theory, but is mainly data-driven. The process of construct validation proposed by Cronbach and Meehl (1955) is valuable in theory but unsuited for contemporary validity research. Schouwstra (2000, chap. 1) noticed that also novel approaches to validity theory are often difficult to implement in practice. Attempts have been made in cognitive psychology but we know of no attempts in medical psychological research. Hence, the aim of this dissertation project is the development of guidelines for questionnaire validation in medical psychology using modern approaches that overcome the shortcomings of the nomological network approach (Cronbach & Meehl, 1955). 82 4 Students and projects Modeling the relation between speed and accuracy PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Don Van Ravenzwaaij Psychological Methodology, Department of Psychology FMG, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam 020 525 8870 / 6870 (secretary) d.vanravenzwaaij@uva.nl Dr. E.J. Wagenmakers, prof. dr. H.L.J. van der Maas 1 January 2008 - 1 January 2012 NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) Summary In daily life as well as in the psychological laboratory, people continuously make decisions. These decisions pertain to widely different activities, such as buying new sun-glasses, driving your car to work, or writing grant proposals. All of these decisions, however, fall prey to the same dilemma. This dilemma concerns the meta-decision of when to stop information processing and commit to a decision. This is particularly evident in tasks where one can choose to respond faster at the cost of making more errors. Clearly then, task performance is a function of both response accuracy and response speed. A pervasive problem in cognitive psychology is how to combine speed and accuracy so as to obtain separate indices for task performance and response conservativeness. Perhaps the only way to make progress is to use a mathematical model that explicitly addresses the tradeoff between speed and accuracy. The current proposal focuses on Ratcliff's diffusion model, which is arguably the most popular model of how people process information. The diffusion model allows one to estimate unobserved psychological processes such as perception, speed of information accumulation, response conservativeness, and response bias. The proposed projects seek to theoretically extend and empirically test the diffusion model account of the speed-accuracy tradeoff. This account currently leaves open several important questions. The first project shows that the Fuzzy Logical Model of Perception (FLMP) can be unified with the diffusion model in a way that allows the FLMP to simultaneously account for response speed and response accuracy. The second project studies what happens under conditions in which there is almost no value in accurate responding. The third project considers variability in response conservativeness as an explanation for fast errors, and the fourth project concerns the changes in information processing that occur after an error. 83 IOPS annual report 2010 Model selection PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisor Project running from Project financed by Floryt Van Wesel Methodology & Statistics, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht 030 253 1571 / 4438 (secretary) f.vanwesel@uu.nl Prof. dr. H.J.A. Hoijtink, dr. I.G. Klugkist September 2006 - 1 September 2011 NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) Part of Vici project by H.J.A. Hoijtink “Learning more from empirical data using prior knowledge” Summary This project is part of a bigger research project about the use of prior knowledge, Bayesian statistics. Researchers using prior knowledge either end up with a set of competing models that differ in the inequality constraints used, or with one or more constrained models, a null model and an unconstrained model. In this project several model selection criteria that can be used to select the best model will be developed, studied and evaluated. 84 4 Students and projects Bayesian modeling of heterogeneity for large scale comparative research PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Josine Verhagen Department of Educational Measurement and Data Analysis, Faculty of Educational Science and Technology, Twente University, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede 053 489 3581 / 3555 (secretary) a.j.verhagen@utwente.nl Prof. dr. C.A.W. Glas, dr. ir. G.J.A. Fox 1 May 2008 - 1 May 2012 Twente University Summary Inferences from large-scale (e.g., cross-national) studies have important implications for theory (e.g., causal relations between constructs, spurious relations, intervening variables) and practice (e.g., insights in policy related issues and malleable factors). The common item response theory models are not directly applicable to analyse large-scale survey data for comparative research. There are several measurement issues connected to comparative research that need to be addressed since ignoring them may lead to inferential errors. The approach is focused on delineating the source (i.e., individual or group differences in latent scores or in the way of responding to the questionnaire) and the direction of the significant differences in cross-national research. From a Bayesian point of view, (1) heterogeneity in the way individuals respond to the questionnaire is modelled. In addition, (2) a structural population model is built for the respondents’ latent scores which is focused on heterogeneity. Within this modelling framework, the Bayesian methodology allows the development of tools that can be used to account for errors related to the measurement issues. 85 IOPS annual report 2010 Restrictive imputation of incomplete survey data (new project) PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Gerko Vink Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht 30 253 9140 / 4438 (secretary) g.vink@uu.nl Prof. dr S. Van Buuren, dr. J. Pannekoek, dr. L.E. Frank 1 September 2009 - 1 September 2013 Utrecht University and Statistics Netherlands (CBS) Summary Imputation is a method to correct for missing data by using various models to estimate missing values whilst adding the estimated data to the original dataset. The completed dataset can then be analyzed by methods for complete data. To estimate the reliability of estimates on imputed data, however, special techniques are needed, because standard methods for complete data do not discriminate between real and imputed data. Imputations are predictions for the values that could have been encountered, if the missing data would have been observed. Because imputations are, to some extent, used as real observations, these predictions have to be as accurate as possible. In order to obtain accurate estimates, models have to be constructed that optimally represent the properties of the various variables and their internal coherence. In addition to the quality of predictions, plausible imputations also have to meet certain a priori knowledge, such as variable restrictions (e.g. an income must be greater than or equal to zero) or restrictions conform to known population distributions (e.g. the known amount of cars in a country). Three research topics will be distinguished in this research proposal: imputing variables that have to meet restrictions (§A), imputing semi-continuous variables (§B) and measuring the quality of imputation models and the accuracy and reliability of estimations on imputed data (§C). These research questions can be answered within a PhD position, resulting in a dissertation, as well as new software. Expected results include answering the following general research questions: - How can imputations under row and column restrictions be executed? - How can imputations on semi-continuous data best be done? - How can imputations most effectively and plausibly be evaluated? Furthermore, based on the research in this PhD-project, recommendations for routinely use of imputation methods at Statistics Netherlands will be made. 86 4 Students and projects EEG/MEG components: A new statistical approach to analyze their (co)variance properties PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Wouter Weeda Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amserdam 020 525 6908 / 6830 (secretary) w.d.weeda1@uva.nl Prof. dr. M.W. Van der Molen, dr. H.M. Huizenga 1 March 2006 - 1 December 2010 NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) Part of Vidi project by Hilde Huizenga “The association between intelligence and performance variability: A new statistical neuroscientific approach” Summary In this project the primary aim is to assess variance and covariance properties of EEG/MEG components, without the need to localize these components. Such a method should meet several criteria. First, it is necessary that signal variance can be dissociated from noise variance. Second, it should be possible to disentangle latency variance and tests of amplitude and latency variance parameters. Third, it is neccessary that the amplitude covariance between components can be estimated and tested. Existing methods (e.g. variance, complexity, wavelets, independent component analysis, parallel factor analysis) are adequate to answer other reseacrh quetions, but they do not meet the aforementioned criteria, and thus are not suited for the present purposes. We therefore develop a new statistical method that does meet these criteria. By modeling EEG/ MEG by a sum of a) partly random temporal component functions and b) a noise variance model, it will become possible to reliably assess variations in amplitude and latency, and the covariance of amplitudes. Since the proposed method is new and by no means straigthforward, it will be developed in several subprojects that have substantial merits in their own right. 87 IOPS annual report 2010 Modeling the relation between speed and accuracy PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Ruud Wetzels Psychological Methodology, Department of Psychology, FMG University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam 020 525 8871 / 6870 (secretary) r.m.wetzels@uva.nl Dr. E.J. Wagenmakers, prof. dr. H.L.J. van der Maas 1 September 2008 - 1 September 2012 University of Amsterdam Summary One goal of this PhD project is to do Bayesian inference using all kinds of models that are popular in Psychology. Some examples of such models are ALCOVE (Kruschke, 1992) for category learning or the Expectancy-Valence model (Busemeyer and Stout, 2002) for decision making. Another goal of the project is to implement and study Bayesian hypothesis testing for hierarchical, possibly order-restricted models. In hierarchical modeling, individual-level parameters are drawn from a group distribution. This way of modeling takes both differences and similarities between participants into account. In general, the aim is trying to make Bayesian methods more easily available to empirically oriented psychologists who would like to take advantage of the Bayesian methodology but lack the time or the technical skills to implement their own software. 88 4 Students and projects Admissable statistics and latent variable theory PhD student Address Voice E-mail Supervisors Project running from Project financed by Annemarie Zand Scholten Psychological Methodology, Department of Psychology, FMG University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam 020 525 6880 / 6870 (secretary) a.zandscholten@uva.nl Prof. dr. H.L.J. van der Maas, dr. D. Borsboom, dr. P. Koele 1 April 2005 - 1 September 2010 NWO (Netherlands Foundation of Scientific Research) Summary Does the appropriateness of statistical analyses depend on the measurement level of the variables on which these analyses are carried out? Measurement theorists are generally of the opinion that this is the case; the measurement level of variables determines the class of appropriate statistics. Several statisticians have, however, claimed that this limitation is unfounded and that it has adverse scientific consequences. The disagreement between these camps is known as the admissible statistics controversy. Although discussants in this controversy disagree on virtually everything, they share a core assumption: namely, that measurement and statistical analyses are separate endeavors. However, in an important class of measurement models, known as latent variable models, measurement and statistical theory are intertwined to such a degree that it is difficult to say where one begins and the other ends. In the present research, the admissible statistics problem is formulated and analyzed in terms of latent variable theory. This yields a quite different view of what the problem actually is; namely, a problem that occurs because statistical analyses assume that variables are errorless measures of the theoretical attributes involved, while measurement models usually view these same variables as imperfect indicators of these attributes. Thus, the admissible statistics problem becomes a question of robustness: Under which conditions is it possible to ignore measurement error and equate observed scores to theoretical attributes? This question is investigated through mathematical analysis and simulation studies. Second, alternative methodes of analysis, that may be used to address measurement and statistical issues at the same time, are evaluated for their potential in solving the admissible statistics problem; specifically, the use of multi group models with mean structures in factorial designs is investigated in this respect. 89 IOPS annual report 2010 90 5 Graduate training program 5.1 Courses in the IOPS curriculum In 2010 two IOPS courses were organized: - Optimization & numerical methods in statistics: Concepts, models, and applications Instructors: Francis Tuerlinckx and Geert Molenberghs (K.U.Leuven) Dates: 22-24 November 2010 - Analysis of measurement instruments: Introduction to classical test theory, item response models and multilevel item response models Instructors: Cees Glas, Jean-Paul Fox, Marianna Avetisyan Dates: 15-18 November 2010 5.2 Conferences 5.2.1 25th IOPS summer conference The 25th IOPS summer conference was held in Amsterdam on 10-11 June 2010. University of Amsterdam (UvA), co-organiser and host of the conference, welcomed 49 participants. Invited speakers An invited presentation was given by: - Han Van der Maas University of Amsterdam. Title: θ ≥ 0. Other conference presentations The following 9 IOPS PhD students gave a presentation on the results of their research: - Marjan Bakker, University of Amsterdam Title: The (mis)reporting of statistical results in psychology journals - Angelique Cramer, University of Amsterdam Title: Mental disorders as networks - Kasia Jozwiak, Utrecht University Title: Cost-efficient designs for trials with discrete-time survival endpoints 91 IOPS annual report 2010 - Bellinda King Kallimanis, University of Amsterdam / AMC Title: Using structural equation modelling to detect measurement bias and response shift in longitudinal data - Peter Kruyen, University of Tilburg Title: Test length and decision quality in personnel selection - Baerbel Maus, Maastricht University Title: Optimal and robust design of fMRI experiments with application of a genetic algorithm - Jorge Tendeiro, University of Groningen Title: First and second order derivatives for CP and INDSCAL - Jesper Tijmstra, Utrecht University Title: Testing manifest monotonicity using constrained statistical inference - Josine Verhagen, Twente University Title: Bayesian tests for measurement invariance in large cross-national surveys Other activities IOPS Best paper award 2009 During the 25th IOPS summer conference, the IOPS Best Paper Award 2009 was delivered to Jorge Tendeiro, University of Groningen, for his paper: Tendeiro, Jorge N., Ten Berge, Jos M.F., & Kiers, Henk A.L. (2009). Simplicity transformations for three-way arrays with symmetric slices, and applications to Tucker-3 models with sparse core arrays. Linear Algebra and its Applications, 430, 924–940. 5.2.2 20th IOPS winter conference The 20th IOPS winter conference was held on 16 and 17 December 2010 at Utrecht University. Utrecht University, co-organiser and host of the conference, welcomed 66 participants. Conference presentations Invited speakers - Hennie Boeije, Utrecht University (Keynote address) Title: Comparing the incomparable? Integrating qualitative and quantitative research - Jorge Tendeiro, winner of the IOPS Best paper Award 2009, University of Groningen. Title: Simplicity transformations for three-way arrays with symmetric slices, and applications to Tucker-3 models with sparse core arrays Other speakers The following ten IOPS PhD students gave a presentation on the topic of their research: - Marianna Avetisyan, Twente University Title: Application and validation of the randomized response technique - Britt Qiwei He, Twente University Title: Automated classification of patients’ self narratives for PTSD diagnosis - Marian Hickendorff, Leiden University 92 5 Graduate training program - - - Title: The language factor in mathematics assessments: The influence of contexts in arithmetic problems Suzanne Jak, University of Amsterdam Title: A test for cluster bias: Detecting violations of measurement invariance across clusters in multilevel data Elly Korendijk, Utrecht University Title: Sample size requirements when applying a Fishbein-Ajzen Model in cluster randomized trials: A simulation study Rudy Ligtvoet, University of Amsterdam Title: Latent scales for investigating the ordering of items Meike Morren, Tilburg University Title: “Give me an example and I’ll tell you what I think” Joris Mulder, Tilburg University Title Bayesian model selection of Informative hypotheses for repeated measurements Ralph Rippe, Leiden University Title: SCALA: A statistical framework for SNPs Hendrik Straat , Tilburg University Conditional association as a powerful tool for assessing IRT model fit Other activities Lab meeting (short presentations by Utrecht PhD students) Chairs: Herbert Hoijtink (Applied Bayesian Statistics), Joop Hox (Social Science Methodology), and Dave Hessen (Statistics for Social and Behavioral Sciences) Survey methodology - Thomas Klausch: Measurement and nonresponse error in mixed-mode surveys: disentangling, modeling and correcting - Vanessa Torres van Grinsven: Motivation of Respondents in Business Surveys Bayesian statistics - Rebecca Kuiper: Model Selection Criteria: How to Evaluate Order Restrictions - Carel Peeters: Objective Prior Predictive Densities for Constrained Model Selection: WithApplications to Gaussian-Theory Factor Analytic Modeling - Charlotte Rietbergen: Improving epidemiological research by Bayesian analysis - Floryt Van Wesel: Priors & Prejudice: Using existing knowledge in social science research Statistics for social and behavioral sciences - Shahab Jolani: Missing Data and Multiple Imputation - Kasia Jozwiak: Optimal designs for trials with discrete-time survival endpoints - Elly Korendijk: Robustness properties for cluster randomized trials - Jesper Tijmstra: Generalizing the Rasch model 93 IOPS annual report 2010 94 6 Publications A quantitative overview and a list of publications by IOPS staff members and PhD students under auspices of IOPS in 2010 is given below. Quantitative overview of publications in 2010 Dissertations by IOPS PhD students Other dissertations under supervision of IOPS staff members Articles in international English-language journals Contributions to international English-language volumes Book reviews Books and test manuals Articles in other journals Software and test manuals Other publications 6.1 6 3 219 52 1 1 16 3 26 Dissertations 6.1.1 Dissertations by IOPS PhD students Ligtvoet, R. (2010). Essays on invariant item ordering. Tilburg University (115 pp.). Enschede: Gildeprint. Prom./coprom.: K. Sijtsma, J.K. Vermunt, & L.A. Van der Ark. Lukociene, O. (2010). Latent class models for categorical data with a multilevel structure. Tilburg University (108 pag.). Ridderkerk: Ridderprint. Prom./coprom.: J.K. Vermunt. Mulder, J. (2010). Bayesian model selection for constrained multivariate normal linear models. Utrecht Universiteit (205 pp.). Utrecht: ZuidamUithof Drukkerijen. Prom./coprom.: H.J.A. Hoijtink, G.J.A. Fox & I.G. Klugkist. Spreeuwenberg, M.D. (2010). Selection bias in (quasi-) experimental research. Tilburg University (175 pag.). Ridderkerk: Ridderprint. Prom./coprom.: J.A.P. Hagenaars & M.A. Croon. Tendeiro, J.N. (2010). Some mathematical results on three-way component analysis. University of Groningen (133 pp.) Ridderkerk: Ridderprint. Prom./coprom.: J.M.F. Ten Berge & H.A.L. Kiers. Van de Schoot, R. (2010). Informative hypotheses: How to move beyond classical null hypothesis testing. Utrecht: Utecht University (256 pp.). Prom./coprom.: H.J.A. Hoijtink 95 IOPS annual report 2010 6.1.2 Other dissertations under supervison of IOPS staff members Busing, F.M.T.A. (2010). Advances in multidimensional unfolding. Leiden University (268 pag.). Enschede: Gildeprint Drukkerijen. Prom./coprom.: W.J. Heiser. Egberink, I.J.L. (2010). Applications of Item Response Theory to non-cognitive data. University of Groningen (137 pag.). Enschede: Ipskamp Drukkers B.V. Prom./coprom.: R.R. Meijer & B.P. Veldkamp. Kankaras, M. (2010). Essays on measurement equivalence in cross-cultural survey research: A latent class approach. Tilburg University (196 pag.). Prom./coprom.: J.K. Vermunt & G.B.D. Moors. 6.2 Articles in international English-language journals Albers, C.J. & Gower, J.C. (2010). A general approach to handling missing values in Procrustes Analysis. Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, 4, 223-237. Arief, V.N., Kroonenberg, P.M., DeLacy, I.H., Dieters, M.J., Crossa, J., Dreisigacker, S., Braun H.-J. & Basford, K.E. (2010). Construction and three-way ordination of the Wheat Phenome Atlas. Journal of Applied Probability and Statistics, 5, 95-118. Barendse, M.T., Oort, F.J., Garst, G.J.H. (2010). Using restricted factor analysis with latent moderated structures to detect uniform and nonuniform measurement bias; a simulation study. Advances in Statistical Analysis, 94, 117-127. Bechger, T.M., Maris, G.K.J. &Hsiao, Y.P. (2010). Detecting halo effects in performance-based examinations. Applied Psychological Measurement, 34, 8, 607-619. Bekker, M.H.J. & Croon, M.A. (2010). The roles of autonomy-connectedness and attachment styles in depression and anxiety. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27, 7, 908-923. Bennani-Dosse, M. & Ten Berge, J.M.F. (2010). Anisotropic orthogonal Procrustes analysis. Journal of Classification, 27, 111-128. Bethlehem, J.G. (2010), Selection bias in web surveys. International Statistical Review, 78, 161-188. Bloemberg, T.G., Gerretzen, J., Wouters, H.J.P., Gloerich, J., Van Dael, M., Wessels, H.J.C.T., Van den Heuvel, L.P., Eilers, P.H.C., Buydens, L.M.C. & Wehrens, R. (2010). Improved parametric time warping for proteomics. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 104, 1, 65-74. Bogacz, R., Wagenmakers, E.-J., Forstmann, B.U. & Nieuwenhuis, S. (2010). The neural basis of the speedaccuracy tradeoff. Trends in Neurosciences, 33, 10-16. Boks, M.P.M., Derks, E.M. Dolan C.V, Kahn, R.S., Ophoff, R.A. (2010). “Forward Genetics” as a method to maximize power and cost efficiency in studies of human complex traits. Behavior Genetics, 40, 564– 571. Boomsma, D.I., Van Beijsterveldt, C.E.M., Van Soelen, I.L.C., Franic, S.F., Dolan, C.V., Borsboom, D. & Bartels, M. (2010). Genetic analysis of longitudinally measured IQ, educational attainment and educational level in Dutch twin-sib samples. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 13, 3, 248-249. Boros, S., Meslec, M.N., Curseu, P.L. & Emons, W.H.M. (2010). Struggles for cooperation: Conflict resolution strategies in multicultural groups. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25, 2, 539-554. Borst, G., Kievit, R.A., Thompson, W. L. & Kosslyn, S.M. (2010) Mental rotation is not easily cognitively penetrable. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 32, 1, 60-75 Bouwmeester, S. & Verkoeijen, P.P.J.L. (2010). Latent variable modeling of cognitive processes in true and 96 6 Publications false recognition of words: A developmental perspective. Journal of Experimental PsychologyGeneral, 139, 2, 365-381. Brosschot, J.F., Pieper, S., Van der Leeden, R., Thayer, J.F. (2010) Prolonged cardiac effects of momentary assessed stressful events and worry episodes. Psychosomatic Medicine, 72, 6, 570-577. Busing, F.M.T.A., Heiser, W.J. & Cleaver, G. (2010). Restricted unfolding: Preference analysis with optimal transformations of preferences and attributes. Food Quality and Preference, 21, 82-92. Candel, M.J.M.M. & Van Breukelen, G.J.P. (2010). D-optimality of unequal versus equal cluster sizes for mixed linear regression analysis of randomized trails with clusters in one treatment arm. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 54, 1906-1920. Candel, M.J.M.M. & Van Breukelen, G.J.P. (2010). Sample size adjustments for varying cluster sizes in cluster randomized trials with binary outcomes analyzed with second-order PQL mixed logistic regression. Statistics in Medicine, 29, 1488-1501. Ceulemans, E. & Storms, G. (2010). Detecting intra and inter categorical structure in semantic concepts using HICLAS. Acta Psychologica, 133, 296-304. Chow, S-M., Ho, M.H.R., Hamaker, E.L. & Dolan, C.V. (2010). Equivalences and differences between structural equation modeling and state-space modeling techniques. Structural Equation Modeling, 17, 303332. Cramer, A.O.J., Waldorp, L.J., Van der Maas, H. & Borsboom, D. (2010). Authors' response. Complex realities require complex theories: Refining and extending the network approach to mental disorders. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, 178-193. Cramer, A.O.J., Waldorp, L.J., Van der Maas, H.L.J. & Borsboom, D. (2010). Comorbidity: A network perspective. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, 137-150. De Bruin, D., Viechtbauer, W., Schaalma, H.P., Kok, G., Abraham, C. & Hospers, H.J. (2010). Standard care impacts of intervention effects in HAART adherence RCTs: A meta analysis. Archives of Internal Medicine, 170, 3, 240-250. De Bruin, M., Hospers, H.J., Van Breukelen, G.J.P., Kok, G.J., Koevoets, W.M. & Prins, J.M. (2010). Electronic monitoring-based counseling to enhance adherence among HIV-infected patients: a randomized controlled trial. Health Psychology, 29, 421-428. De Bruin, M., Viechtbauer, W., Schaalma, H.P., Kok, G., Abraham, C. & Hospers, H.J. (2010). Standard care impacts intervention effects in HAART adherence RCTs: A meta-analysis. Archives of Internal Medicine, 170, 3, 240-250. De Jong, K., Moerbeek, M. & Van der Leeden, M. (2010). A priori power analysis in longitudinal three-level multilevel models: An example with therapist effect. Psychotherapy Research, 20, 3, 273-284. De Jong, M.G., Pieters, F.G.M. & Fox, G.J.A. (2010). Reducing social desirability bias through item randomized response: An application to measure underreported desires. Journal of Marketing Research, 47, 14-27. Dewald, J.F., Meijer, A.M., Oort, F.J., Kerkhof, G.A. & Bögels, S.M. (2010). The influence of sleep quality, sleep duration and sleepiness on school performance in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 14, 179-189. DuMoulin, M.F.M.T., Chenault, M., Tan, F.E.S., Hamers, J.P.H. & Halfens, R.H.G. (2010). Quality systems to improve care in older patients with urinary incontinence receiving home care: Do they work? Quality & Safety in Health Care, 19, 1-7. Edward, G.M., Preckel, B., Martijn, B.S., Oort, F.J., De Haes, H.C.J.M. & Hollmann, M.W. (2010). The effects of implementing a new schedule at the preoperative assessment clinic. European Journal of Anaesthesia, 27, 209-213. 97 IOPS annual report 2010 Egberink, I.J.L, Meijer, R.R. & Veldkamp, B.P. (2010). Conscientiousness in the workplace: Applying mixture IRT to investigate scalability and predictive validity. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 232-244. Egberink, I.J.L., Meijer, R.R., Veldkamp, B.P., Schakel L. & Smid, N.G. (2010). Detection of aberrant item score patterns in computerized adaptive testing: An empirical example using the CUSUM. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 8,921-925. Eggen, T.J.H.M. (2010). Sequential Probability Ratio Test. International Encyclopedia of Education. 7, 396400. Evers, A., Sijtsma, K., Lucassen, W. & Meijer, R.R. (2010). The Dutch review process for evaluating the quality of psychological tests: History, procedure and results. International Journal of Testing, 10, 4, 295-317. Forstmann, B.U., Anwander, A., Schäfer, A., Neumann, J., Brown, S., Wagenmakers, E.-J., Bogacz, R. & Turner, R. (2010). Cortico-striatal connections predict control over speed and accuracy in perceptual decision making. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 15916-15920. Forstmann, B.U., Brown, S., Dutilh, G., Neumann, J. & Wagenmakers, E.-J. (2010). The neural substrate of prior information in perceptual decision making: A model-based analysis. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 40 , Article 4. (electronic journal) Franic, S., Middeldorp, C.M., Dolan, C.V., Ligthart, L. & Boomsma, D.I. (2010). Childhood and adolescent anxiety and depression: Beyond heritability. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49, 8, 820-832. Frederickx, S., Tuerlinckx, F., De Boeck, P. & Magis, D. (2010). RIM: A random item mixture model to detect Differential Item Functioning. Journal of Educational Measurement, 47, 432-457. Geelhoed, J.J.M., Taal, R.H.A., Steegers, E.A.P., Arends, L.R., Lequin, M., Hofman, A., Van der Heijden, A.J. & Jaddoe, V.W.V. (2010). Kidney growth curves in healthy children from third trimester of pregnancy until the age of two years. The Generation R Study. Pediatric Nephrology, 25, 2, 289-298. Gelman, A., Leenen, I., Van Mechelen, I., De Boeck, P. & Poblome, J. (2010). Bridges between deterministic and probabilistic models for binary data. Statistical Methodology, 7, 187-209. Glas, C.A.W. & Van der Linden, W.J. (2010). Marginal likelihood inference for a model for item responses and response times. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 63, 603-626. Gobbens, R., Van Assen, M.A.L.M., Luijkx, K.G., Wijnen-Sponselee, M.Th. & Schols, J.M.G.A. (2010). The Tilburg Frailty Indicator: Psychometric properties. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 11, 5, 344-355. Gobbens, R., Van Assen, M.A.L.M., Luijkx, K.G., Wijnen-Sponselee, M.Th. & Schols, J.M.G.A. (2010). Determinants of frailty. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 11, 5, 356-364. Goegebeur, Y., De Boeck, P. & Molenberghs, G. (2010). Person fit for test speededness: normal curvatures, likelihood ratio tests and empirical Bayes estimates. Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 6, 3-16 Gonzalez Marin, G.V., Bouwmeester, S. & Boonstra, A.M. (2010). Understanding planning ability measured by the Tower of London: An evaluation of its internal structure by latent variable modeling. Psychological Assessment, 22, 4, 923-934. Gower, J.C., Groenen, P.J.F. & Van de Velden, M. (2010). Area biplots. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 19, 1, 46-61. Grasman, R.P.P.P., Huizenga, H.M. & Geurts, H.M. (2010). Departure from normality in multivariate normative comparison: The Cramér alternative for Hotelling's T2. Neuropsychologia, 48, 5, 1510-1516. 98 6 Publications Grootenboer, N., Sambeek, M.R. van, Arends, L.R., Hendriks, J.M., Hunink, M.G. & Bosch, J.L. (2010). Systmc review and meta-analysis of sex differences in outcome after intervention for abdominal aortic aneurysm. British Journal of Surgery, 97, 8, 1169-1179. Hagenaars, M., Van Minnen, A. & De Rooij, M (2010). Cognitions as a mechanism for change in prolonged exposure treatment for PTSD. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 10, 421-434. Haringsma, R., Spinhoven, Ph., Engels, G.I. & Van der Leeden, M. (2010). Effects of sad mood on autobiographical memory in older adults with and without lifetime depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49, 3,343-357. Hartendorp, M.O., Van der Stigchel, S., Burnett, H.G., Jellema, T., Eilers, P.H.C. & Postma, A. (2010), Categorical perception of morphed objects using a free-naming experiment, Visual Cognition, 18,9, 13201347. Heathcote, A., Brown, S., Wagenmakers, E.-J. & Eidels, A. (2010). Distribution-free tests of stochastic dominance for small samples. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 54, 454-463. 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European Journal of Epidemiology, 25, 1, 1-3. Van der Molen, M.J.W., Huizinga, M., Huizenga, H.M., Ridderinkhof, K.R., Van der Molen, M.W., Hamel, B.J.C., Ramakers, G.J.A. (2010). Profiling Fragile X Syndrome in males: Strengths and weaknesses in cognitive abilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 31, 2, 426-439. Van Duijvenvoorde, A.C.K., Jansen, B.R.J., Visser, I. & Huizenga, H.M. (2010). Affective and cognitive decision-making in adolescents. Developmental Neuropsychology, 35, 5, 539-554. Van Eijk, R., Eilers, P.H.C., Natte, R.; Cleton-Jansen, A.-M., Morreau, H., Van Wezel, T., & Oosting, J. (2010), MLPAinter for MLPA interpretation: An integrated approach for the analysis, visualisation and data management of Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification', BMC Bioinformatics, 11:67. (electronic journal) 105 IOPS annual report 2010 Van Ginkel, J.R. (2010). Investigation of multiple imputation in low-quality questionnaire data. 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Functional connectivity analysis of fMRI data using parameterized regions of interest. Neuroimage, 54, 410-416. Weisscher, N., Glas, C.A.W., Vermeulen, M. & De Haan, R.J. (2010). The use of an item response theory based disability item bank across diseases. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 63, 543-549. Wetzels, R., Grasman, R.P.P.P., & Wagenmakers, E.-J. (2010). An encompassing prior generalization of the Savage-Dickey density ratio. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 54, 2094-2102. Wetzels, R., Lee, M. D. & Wagenmakers, E.-J. (2010). Bayesian inference using WBDev: A tutorial for social scientists. Behavior Research Methods, 42, 884-897. Wetzels, R., Vandekerckhove, J., Tuerlinckx, F. & Wagenmakers, E.-J. (2010). Bayesian parameter estimation in the Expectancy Valence model of the Iowa gambling task. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 54, 14-27. Wheadon, C., & Béguin, A.A. (2010). Fears for tiers: are candidates being appropriately rewarded for their performance in tiered examinations? Assessment in Education,17, 287-300. Wicherts, J. M., Dolan, C.V., Carlson, J.S. & Van der Maas, H.L.J. (2010). Raven’s test performance of subSaharan Africans; Mean level, psychometric properties, and the Flynn Effect. Learning and Individual Differences, 20, 135-151. 107 IOPS annual report 2010 Wicherts, J.M. & Dolan, C.V. (2010). Measurement invariance in confirmatory factor analysis; An illustration using IQ test performance of minorities. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 29, 3, 3947. Wicherts, J.M. & Vorst, H.C.M. (2010). The relation between specialty choice of psychology students and their interests personality and cognitive abilities. Learning and Individual Differences, 20, 494-500. Wicherts, J.M. & Zand Scholten, A. (2010). Test anxiety and the validity of cognitive tests; A confirmatory factor analysis perspective and some empirical findings. Intelligence, 38, 169-178. Wicherts, J.M., Borsboom, D. & Dolan, C.V. (2010). Evolution, brain size, and the national IQ of peoples around 3,000 years B.C. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 104-106. Wicherts, J.M., Borsboom, D. & Dolan, C.V. (2010). Why national IQs do not support evolutionary theories of intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 91-96. Wicherts, J.M., Dolan, C.V., & Van der Maas, H.L.J. (2010). A systematic literature review of the average IQ of sub-Saharan Africans. Intelligence, 38, 1-20. Wicherts, J.M., Dolan, C.V., & Van der Maas, H.L.J. (2010). The dangers of unsystematic selection methods and the representativeness of 46 samples of African test-takers. Intelligence, 38, 30-37. Wicherts, J.M., Dolan, C.V., Carlson, J.S. & Van der Maas, H.L.J. (2010). Another failure to replicate Lynn’s estimate of the average IQ of sub-Saharan Africans. Learning and Individual Differences, 20, 155-157. Wools, S., Eggen, T.J.H.M., & Sanders, P.F. (2010). Evaluation of validity and validation by means of the argument-based approach. Cadmo, 18, 1, 63-82. 6.3 Contributions to international English-language volumes Arts, W.A. & Gelissen, J.P.T.M. (2010). Models of the welfare state. In F.G. Castles, S. Leibfried, J. Lewis, H. Obinger & Ch. Pierson (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State (Oxford Handbooks in Politics & International Relations) (pp. 569-583). Oxford: Oxford University Press. De Rooij, M. & Yu, H-T. (2010). The trend vector model: Identification and estimation in SAS. In H. LocarekJunge & C. Weihs (Eds.): Classification as a tool for research, (pp. 245-252). Heidelberg: Springer. Dias, J.G., Vermunt, J.K. & Ramos, S. (2010). Mixture hidden Markov models in finance research. In A. Fink, B. Lausen, W. Seidel & A. Ultsch (Eds.), Advances in data analysis, data handling and business intelligence (pp. 451-459). Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer. Eggen, T.J.H.M. (2010). The sequential probability ratio test in educational testing. In P. Peterson, E. Baker & B. McGaw (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Education (pp. 396-400). Oxford: Elsevier. Eggen, T.J.H.M. (2010). Three-category adaptive classification testing. In W.J. Van der Linden & C.A.W. Glas (Eds.), Elements of adaptive testing (pp. 373-387). New York: Springer. Fox, G.J.A. & Verhagen, A.J. (2010). Random item effects modeling for cross-national survey data. In E. Davidov, P. Schmidth & J. Billiet (Eds.), Cross-cultural analysis: Methods and applications (European Association of Methodology Series) (pp. 461-482). New York, NY: Routledge. Gelissen, J.P.T.M. (Ed.). (2010). Qualitative research methods: Readings on collection, analysis and critiques. London: Sage Publications. Glas, C.A.W. & Béguin, A.A. (2010). Robustness of IRT observed-score equating. In A.A. Von Davier (Ed.), Statistical models for test equating, scaling and linking (pp. 297-316). New York: Springer. 108 6 Publications Glas, C.A.W. & Vos, H.J. (2010). Adaptive mastery testing using a multidimensional IRT model. In W.J. Van der Linden & C.A.W. Glas (Eds.), Elements of adaptive testing (pp. 409-431). New York: Springer. Glas, C.A.W. (2010). Item parameter estimation and item fit analysis. In W.J. van der Linden & C.A.W. Glas (Eds.), Elements of adaptive testing (pp. 269-288). New York: Springer. Glas, C.A.W. (2010). Testing fit to IRT models for polytomously scored items. In M.L. Nering & R. Ostini (Eds.), Handbook of polytomous item response models (pp. 185-208). New York: Routledge Academic. Glas, C.A.W., Van der Linden, W.J. & Geerlings, H. (2010). Estimation of the parameters in an item-cloning model for adaptive testing. In W.J. Van der Linden & C.A.W. Glas (Eds.), Elements of adaptive testing (pp. 289-314). New York: Springer. Halman, L.C.J.M., Hagenaars, J.A.P. & Moors, G.B.D. (2009). A map of European cultures: A research of main value orientations shared by European countries population. In D.M. Bulynko, A.N. Danilova & D.G. Rotman (Eds.), Contemporary Person’s Value World: Belarus in the project “European Values Study” (pp. 35-52). Minsk: Belarusian State University Press. Hamaker, E.L. & Klugkist, I. (2010). Bayesian estimation of multilevel models. In K. Roberts & J. Hox (Eds.), Handbook of Advanced Multilevel Analysi (pp. 137-161). Taylor and Francis. Hamaker, E.L., Grasman, R.P.P.P. & Kamphuis, J.H. (2010). Regime-switching models to study psychological processes. In P.C. M.Molenaar & K.M. Newell (Eds.). Individual pathways of change: Statistical models for analyzing learning and development (pp. 155-168). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Hamaker, E.L., Van Hattum, P., Kuiper, R.M. & Hoijtink, H. (2010). Model selection based on information criteria in multilevel modeling. In K. Roberts & J. Hox (Eds.), Handbook of Advanced Multilevel Analysis, 231-255. Taylor and Francis. Hambleton, R.K., Van der Linden, W.J. & Wells, C.S. (2010). IRT models for the analysis of polytomously scored data: Brief and selected history of model building advances. In M. Nering & R. Ostini (Eds.), Handbook of polytomous item response theory models (pp. 21-42). London: Routledge Academic. Heiser, W.J. & Warrens, M.J. (2010). Families of relational statistics for 2X2 tables. In H. Kaul & H.M. Mulder (Eds.), Advances in Interdisciplinary Applied Discrete Mathematics (pp. 25-52). Singapore: World Scientific. Hox, J.J., De Leeuw, E., & Brinkhuis, M.J.S. (2010). Analysis models for comparative surveys. In J.A. Harkness, M. Braun, B. Edwards, T.P. Johnson L.E. Lyberg, P.Ph. Mohler, B.-E. Pennell T.W. Smith (Eds.), Survey methods in multicultural, multinational, and multiregional contexts. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 395-418. Kankarash, M., Moors, G.B.D. & Vermunt, J.K. (2010). Testing for measurement invariance with latent class analysis. In E. Davidov, P. Schmidt & J. Billiet (Eds.), Cross-cultural analysis. Methods and applications (pp. 359-384). Taylor & Francis Group: Routledge. Lee, M.D. & Wetzels, R. (2010). Individual differences in attention during category learning. In R. Catrambone & S. Ohlsson (Eds.). Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 387-392). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society. Lensvelt-Mulders, G.J.L.M., Hox, J.J., Van der Heijden, P.G.M. & Maas, C.J.M. (2010). Meta-analysis of randomized response research: Thirty-five years of validation. In Paul Vogt (Ed) Volume II: Data collection in survey and interview research (pp. 185- 209). London: Sage Publications. Lukociene, O. & Vermunt, J.K. (2010). Determining the number of components in mixture models for hierarchical data. In A. Fink, B. Lausen, W. Seidel & A. Ultsch (Eds.), Advances in data analysis, data handling and business intelligence (pp. 241-249). Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer. Meijer, R.R. & Van Krimpen-Stoop, E.M.L.A. (2010). Detecting person misfit in adaptive testing. In W.J. Van der Linden & C.A.W. Glas (Eds.), Elements of adaptive testing (pp. 315-329). New York: Springer. 109 IOPS annual report 2010 Meijer, R.R. & Weekers, A.M. (2010). Appropriateness measurement: Person-fit. In: P. Petersen, E. Baker, B. McGaw (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Education (pp. 15-19). Oxford: Elsevier. Mulder, J. & Van der Linden, W.J. (2010). Multidimensional adaptive testing with Kullback-Leibler information item selection. In W.J. Van der Linden & C.A.W. Glas (Eds.), Elements of adaptive testing (pp. 77-101). New York: Springer. Roelofs, E., Van Onna, M., & Vissers, J. (2010). Development of the driver performance assessment: Informing learner drivers of their driving progress. In L. Dorn (Ed.), Driver Behaviour and Training. pp. 37-50. Ashgate Publishing Group Rouder, J.N., Speckman, P., Steinley, D., Pratte, M.S. & Morey, R.D. (2010). A resampling test of shape invariance across distributions. In S. Kolenikov, D. Steinley & L. Thombs, (Eds.), Current methodological developments of statistics in the social sciences (pp. 159-174). New York: Wiley. Scherpenzeel, A.C. & Bethlehem, J.G. (2011), How representative are online panels? Problems of coverage and selection and possible solutions. In: Das, M., Ester, P. & Kaczmirek, L. (Eds.), Social and Behavioral Research and the Internet (pp. 105-132). New York-London: Routledge. Sijtsma, K. & Emons, W.H.M. (2010). Nonparametric statistical methods. In B. McGaw, E. Baker & P.P. Peterson (Eds.), International encyclopedia of education (pp. 347-353). Oxford: Elsevier. Sinharay, S., Von Davier, M., Guo, Z., & Veldkamp, B.P. (2010). Assessing fit of latent regression models. In M. Von Davier & D. Hastedt (Eds.), IERI Monograph Series (Issues and Methodologies in Large-Scale Assessments, 3) (pp. 35-55). Princeton, NJ: IEA-ETS Research Institute. Snijkers, G. & Bavdaz, M. (2010). Business Surveys. In: Lovric, M. (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science (pp. --). Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. Steglich, C.E.G., Snijders, T.A.B., Pearson, M. (2010). Dynamic networks and behavior: Separating selection from influence. In: Liao, T., (Ed.), Sociological Methodology, 40 (pp. 329-392). Boston-London: Basil Blackwell. Timmerman, M.E. & Ceulemans, E. (2010). The generic subspace clustering model. In Y. Lechevallier & G. Saporta (Eds.), Proceedings of COMPSTAT'2010 (pp. 359-368). Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Tuerlinckx, F. (2010). Weibull distribution. In N. Salkind (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Research Design. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Van Breukelen, G.J.P. (2010), Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) In: N. Salkind (Ed.), Encylopedia of Research Design. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage. Van den Berg, S.M., Fikse, F., Arvelius, P., Glas, C.A.W., & Strandberg, E. (2010). Integrating phenotypic measurement models with animal models. In G. Erhard (Ed.), Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production (pp. 0870-0874). Leipzig: Zwonull Media GbR. Van der Ark, L.A. (2010). Computation of the Molenaar Sijtsma statistic. In A. Fink, B. Lausen, W. Seidel, & A. Ultsch (Eds.), Advances in data analysis, data handling and business intelligence (pp. 775-784). Berlin: Springer. Van der Linden, W.J. & Glas, C.A.W. (Eds.) (2010). Elements of adaptive testing (Statistics for Social BehavioralSciences). New York: Springer. Van der Linden, W.J. & Pashley, P.J. (2010). Item selection and ability estimation adaptive testing. In W.J. Van der Linden & C.A.W. Glas (Eds.), Elements of adaptive testing (pp. 3-30). New York: Springer. Van der Linden, W.J. (2010). Constrained adaptive testing with shadow tests. In W.J. van der Linden & C.A.W. Glas (Eds.), Elements of adaptive testing (pp. 31-55). New York: Springer. Van der Linden, W.J. (2010). Item Response Theory. In P. Peterson, E. Baker & B. McGaw (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Education (pp. 81-89). Oxford, U.K.: Elsevier Ltd. 110 6 Publications Van der Linden, W.J. (2010). Sequencing an adaptive test battery. In W.J. van der Linden & C.A.W. Glas (Eds.), Elements of adaptive testing (pp. 103-119). New York: Springer. Van Mechelen, I. & Van Deun, K. (2010). Multiple nested reductions of single data modes as a tool to deal with large data sets. In Y. Lechevallier & G. Saporta (Eds.), Proceedings of COMPSTAT'2010. 19th International Conference on Computational Statistics (pp. 349-358). Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag. Van Rijn, P.W., Dolan, C.V., & Molenaar, P.C.M. (2010). State space methods for item response modelling of multi-subject time series. In K.M. Newell & P.C.M. Molenaar (Eds.), Individual pathways of change in learning and development (pp. --). American Psychological Association. Veldkamp, B.P. & Van der Linden, W.J. (2010). Designing item pools for Computerized Adaptive Testing. In W.J. Van der Linden & C.A.W. Glas (Eds.), Elements of adaptive testing (pp. 231-245). New York: Springer. Vermunt, J.K. (2010). Latent Class Models. In P. Peterson, E. Baker & B. McGaw (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Education (pp. 238-244). Oxford: Elsevier. Vermunt, J.K. (2010). Longitudinal research using mixture models. In K. van Montfort, J.H.L. Oud & A. Satorra (Eds.), Longitudinal Research with Latent Variables (pp. 119-152). Heidelberg: Springer. Vermunt, J.K. (2010). Mixture models for multilevel data sets. In J. Hox & J.K. Roberts (Eds.), Handbook of advanced multilevel analysis (pp. 59-81). New York: Routledge. Vos, H.J. & Glas, C.A.W. (2010). Testlet-based adaptive mastery testing. In W.J. van der Linden & C.A.W. Glas (Eds.), Elements of adaptive testing (pp. 389-407). Heidelberg: Springer. Vos, H.J. (2010). Sequential testing. In P. Peterson, E. Baker & B. McGaw (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Education (pp. 401-406). Oxford: Elsevier Ltd. Wemmers, J.A., Van der Leeden, M. & Steensma, H.O. (2005). What is procedural justice: criteria used by Dutch victims to assess the fairness of criminal justice procedures. In T.R. Tyler (Ed.), Procedural Justice, Vol II (pp. 351-372). Ashgate, UK: Farnham. 6.4 Book reviews Wetzels, R. & Wagenmakers, E.-J. (2010). Exemplary introduction to Bayesian statistical inference. Book review of “Bayesian modeling using WinBUGS” (Wiley, 1st ed., 2009). Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 54, 466-469. 6.5 Books and test manuals Fox, G.J.A. (2010). Bayesian item response modeling: Theory and applications. New York: Springer. 111 IOPS annual report 2010 6.6 Articles in other journals Beneken Genaamd Kolmer, D.M., Tellings, A.E.J.M. & Gelissen, J.P.T.M. (2010). Visies van mantelzorgers op zorgverantwoordelijkheid. Tijdschrift voor Gezondheidswetenschappen, 88, 6, 344-354. Gobbens, R., Van Assen, M.A.L.M., Luijkx, K.G., Wijnen-Sponselee, M.Th. & Schols, J.M.G.A. (2010). Determinanten van fragiliteit. Tijdschrift voor Gerontologie en Geriatrie, 41, 4, 22-23. Evers, A., Sijtsma, K., Lucassen, W. & Meijer, R.R. (2010). Het COTAN-beoordelingssysteem voor de kwaliteit van tests herzien: What’s new? De Psycholoog, 45, 9, 48-55. Jak, S. & Evers, A. (2010). Onderzoeksnotitie: Een vernieuwd meetinstrument voor organizational commitment. Gedrag en Organisatie, 23, 2, 158-171. Klein Entink, R.H. & Fox, G.J.A. (2010). Reactietijden in de examinering. STAtOR, September, 4-8. Polak, M.G. & Van, H.L. (2010). Validering van het Ontwikkelingsprofiel als theoriegestuurd instrument voor persoonlijkheidsdiagnostiek. In Samenvattingen 38ste voorjaarcongres 2010. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 52, (pp. 88-89). Schijf, T., Van der Leij, D.A.V., Van der Berkel, A., Bekebrede, J.I., & Zijlstra, B.J.H. (2010). Spellingvaardigheden van brugklassers. Levende Talen Tijdschrift, 11, 2, 3-12. Snijkers, G. (2010). Het verzamelen van gegevens bij bedrijven: een responsmodel [Collecting data with businesses: a response model]. STAtOR, 4, 4-10. Ten Klooster, P.M., Weekers, A.M., Eggelmeijer, F., Van Woerkom, J.M., Drossaert, C.H.C., Taal, E., Baneke, J.J., & Rasker, J.J. (2010). Optimisme en/of pessimisme: factorstructuur van de Nederlandse Life Orientation Test-Revised. Psychologie & gezondheid, 38 ,2, 89-100. Van der Maas, H. L.J., Klinkenberg, S., & Straatemeier, M. (2010). Rekentuin.nl: Combinatie van oefenen en toetsen. Examens, 4, 10-13. Van Putten, C.M. & Hickendorff, M. (2010). Strijd over het rekenonderwijs of inzicht in de rekenproblematiek? Een commentaar op de reactie van van den Heuvel-Panhuizen en Treffers. Tijdschrift voor Orthopedagogiek, 49, 2, 68-70. Veldkamp, B.P., Verschoor, A.J., & Eggen, T.J.H.M. (2010). A multiple objective test assembly approach for exposure control problems in Computerized Adaptive Testing. Psichologica,31, 335-355. Vos, H.J., Kloppenburg, M. & Tomson, O. (2010). Optimale uniforme scoringsregels voor innovatieve vraagvormen. Examens, 7, 3, 21-24. Wicherts, J. M. (May, 2010). Onzin over het IQ van Afrikanen. Blind, Interdisciplinair Tijdschrift. Wilbrink, B., Borsboom, D. & Couzijn, M. (2010). Spelling, grammatica, en interpunctie meebeoordelen op examens? [Should spelling and grammar be judged in exams?] Examens, 3, 5-9. Zeuch, N., Geerlings, H., Holling, H., Van der Linden, W.J. & Bertling, J.P. (2010). Regelgeleitete Konstruktion von statistischen Textaufgaben: Anwendung von linear logistischen Testmodellen und Aufgabencloning [Rulebased generation of statistical word problems: Application of linear logistic test models and item cloning]. Zeitschrift für Pädagogik. Beihefte, 56, 52-63 112 6 Publications 6.7 Software and test manuals Kroonenberg, P.M. & De Roo, Y. (2010). 3WayPack: A program suite for three-way analysis. Leiden: The Three-Mode Company, Leiden University. (200 pp.) + computer software Morey, R.D. & Rouder, J.N. (2010). Bayes Factor PCL: An R package for computing Bayes factor for a variety of psychological research designs [available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network]. Morey, R.D. (2010) WoMMBAT: Working Memory Modelling using Bayesian Analysis Techniques: An R package. [available on http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/WMCapacity/index.html] 6.8 Other publications Bacher, J. & Vermunt, J.K. (2010). Analyse latenter Klassen. In C. Wolf & H. Hennig (Eds.), Handbuch der sozialwissenschaftlichen Datenanalyse (pp. 553-574). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag. Bechger, T.M. (2010). Principal Component Analysis for Exploratory Analysis of Multivariate Group Differences (Measurement and Research Department Reports; 2010-2). Arnhem: Cito. Bechger, T.M., Maris, G., & Verstralen, H.H.F.M. (2010). A Different View on DIF (Measurement and Research Department Reports; 2010-4). Arnhem: Cito. Bechger, T.M., Maris, G., & Verstralen, H.H.F.M. (2010). The Equivalence of LLTMs Depends on the Design (Measurement and Research Department Reports; 2010-3). Arnhem: Cito. Bethlehem, J.G. (2010), New developments in survey data collection methodology for official statistics. Statistics Netherlands: Discussion paper (10010). Borg, I, Groenen, P.J.F. & Mair, P. (2010). Multidimensionele Skaliering (Sozialwissenschaftliche Forschungsmethoden, Band 1). Muenchen: Rainer Hampp Verlag. Brinkhuis, M.J.S., & Maris, G. (2010). Adaptive Estimation: How to Hit a Moving Target (Measurement and Research Department Reports; 2010-1). Arnhem: Cito. Exterkate, P., Van Dijk, D.J.C., Heij, C. & Groenen, P.J.F. (2010). Forecasting the yield curve in a data-rich environment using the factor-augmented Nelson-Siegel model. EI report serie (Ext. rep. EI 2010-06). Erasmus University Rotterdam: Department of Econometrics. Gower, J.C., Groenen, P.J.F., Van de Velden, M. & Vines, K. (2010). Perceptual maps: The good, the bad and the ugly. Research in management (Ext. rep. ERS-2010-011-MKT). Erasmus University Rotterdam: ERIM. Hemker, B.T., Kuhlemeier, J.B., & Van Weerden, J.J. (2010). Peiling van de rekenvaardigheid en de taalvaardigheid in jaargroep 8 en jaargroep 4 in 2009. Jaarlijks Peilingsonderzoek van het Onderwijsniveau - Technische rapportage. Arnhem: Cito. Hensel, R. & Van der Leeden, M. (2010). De attitude van HBO-docenten ten opzichte van competentieontwikkeling. In F. Meijers & M. Kuijpers (Eds.), Uit de schijnwerpers, in het daglicht, van monoloog van dialoog (pp. 195-222). Den Haag: De Haagse Hogeschool. Hensel, R. & Van der Leeden, M. (2010). Uit de schijnwerpers, in het daglicht, van monoloog naar dialoog. In F. Meijers & M. Kuijpers (Eds.), De attitude van HBO-docenten ten opzichte van competentieontwikkeling (pp. 195-222). Den Haag: De Haagse Hogeschool. 113 IOPS annual report 2010 Kankarash, M. & Moors, G.B.D. (2010). Cross-national and cross-ethnical differences in attitudes. A case of Luxembourg. Working Paper Series (Ext. rep. 2010-38). Luxembourg: CEPS/INSTEAD. Kordes, J., Smeets, P., Wouda, J. Marsman, M., Van Groen, M., Eijkelhof, H., & Savelsbergh, E. (2010). Nederlandse 15-jarigen en de natuurwetenschappen: Hun kennis, vaardigheden en visie volgens PISA. Arnhem: Cito. Kroonenberg, P.M. (2010). Analyse longitudinale exploratoire à l’aide de modèles à trois voies. In J.-J. Droesbeke & G. Saporta (Eds.), Analyse statistique des données longitudinales (pp. 129–182). Paris : Editions Technip. Snijkers, G. & Roos, M. (2010). Reviewing the data collection strategy [in Dutch: Herijking waarneemstrategie: Opdrachtbepaling en plan van aanpak]. Report Statistics Netherlands. Straatemeier, M. (2010) Rekenen voor de lol, op je eigen niveau. InDruk PO, winter 2010, 4-5. Kennisnet. Straatemeier, M., Klinkenberg, S & Van der Maas, H.L.J. (2010). Spelenderwijs oefenen en meten in de Rekentuin. In: J. Nicolai (Ed.), Dat Telt: bouwstenen voor levend rekenwiskundeonderwijs (pp. 83-89). Nij Beets: De Freinetbeweging. Van der Heijden, P.G.M. & Van Gils, G. (2010). Ontwikkeling Scheepsongevallenmonitor. Ministerie van Infrasatructuur en milieu, Rijkswaterstaat, DVS. Van der Heijden, P.G.M., Kooiman, P. & Stoop, I. (2010). External evaluation Methodological Research 2006-2010. Den Haag: Statistics Netherlands, Division of Methodology and Quality. (11 pp.). Van der Linden, W.J. (2010). Bayes'sche Methoden in der Statistik [Bayesian methods in statistics]. In H. Holling & B. Schmitz (Eds.), Handbuch Statistik, Methoden und Evaluation (pp. 730-742). Göttingen: Hogrefe. Van Rosmalen, J.M., Koning, A.J. & Groenen, P.J.F. (2010). Optimaal schalen van interactie-effecten. In A.E. Bronner, P. Dekker, E. de Leeuw, L.J. Paas, K. De Ruyter, A. Smidts & J.E. Wieringa (Eds.), Ontwikkelingen in het marktonderzoek: Jaarboek 2010 (pp. 177-193). Haarlem: Spaarenhout. Van Weerden, J., Hemker, B., Oosterveld, P., Van der Schoot, F., Van Til, A., & Wagenaar, H. (2010). Het peilingsonderzoek burgerschasvorming in de basisschool. Scholen voor burgerschap. Antwerpen: Garant. pp 223-240. Viechtbauer, W. (2010). Meta-analyse. In H. Holling & B. Schmitz (Eds.), Handbuch Statistik, Methoden und Evaluation (pp. 743-756). Hogrefe. Wagenaar, H.,.Van der Schoot, F., & Hemker, B. (2010). Balans van het geschiedenisonderwijs aan het einde van de basisschool 4 : uitkomsten van de vierde peiling in 2008. Arnhem: Cito. Wicherts, J.M. (August, 2010). Ben jij nou zo dom of ben ik nou zo slim? Gastcolumn. Kennislink.nl. 114 7 Finances 7.1 Financial statement 2010 Receipts The participating departments of Leiden University, University of Amsterdam, University of Groningen, Twente University, Tilburg University, Utrecht University, K.U.Leuven, Maastricht University, and Statistics Netherlands (CBS) contributed financially according to the number of their PhD students that participated in IOPS on 1 July 2010. A participation fee of € 700 per PhD student mounted to a total contribution of € 30.800 for 44 PhD students. The Faculty of Social Sciences of Leiden University attributes an annual amount of € 18.150. The Foundation for the Enhancement of Data Theory donated an amount of € 600 for the winner of the IOPS Best Paper Award. Expenses Above the estimate of 2010 , IOPS spent € 2.800 on course instructor fees for the following two courses: - Optimization & numerical methods in statistics (€ 1.200) - Analysis of measurement instruments (€ 1.600) 115 IOPS annual report 2009 7.2 Summary of receipts and expenditures in 2010 7.3 Balance sheet 2010 116 7 Finances 117