Smart Grid and Advanced
Applications
Wieslaw Jerry Olechiw
Vice President of International Sales &System Sales
Dranetz and Electrotek Concepts
Dan Sabin
Monitoring Application Systems Architect
Electrotek Concepts, Inc.
Smart Grid What does it mean.
•The Smart Grid includes a very wide range of technologies and
new initiatives.
– Renewables - Wind, solar, etc.
– Storage Capacity – pumped water storage, new battery
technologies.
– Electric Vehicles will create new loads at different times of
day and in residential, commercial and industrial locations.
– Smart metering for all residential consumers. Utilities begin
to monitor the use of energy and appliances in your home.
– Communication and data storage protocols – IEC61850,
Common Information Model, and more.
– A “self healing” highly reliable power grid, how do we get
there.
2
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Achieving Smart Grid Objectives
A Waterfall of Data
What devices are providing data?
•61850 Compliant Devices
•PQ Monitors
•Digital Fault Recorders
•Microprocessor Relays
•SCADA Systems
•Customer Smart Meters
•Demand and Energy Meters
•Operating Logs
•Recloser Controls
•Outage Management Systems
3
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Achieving Smart Grid Objectives
Data Integration
Where will the data be stored?
• Historian Databases; huge central
databases for all data storage and
processing.
• Federated Databases; queries into
databases without moving the
database into one central database.
– Power Quality Monitors
– Digital Fault Recorders
– Microprocessor Relays
– SCADA systems
– Demand and Energy Meters
– Operating Logs
4
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Achieving Smart Grid Objectives
Analysis
Data Needs to be Analyzed
•Compliance Reports
•Benchmarking
•Event Analysis
•Harmonic Distortion
•Voltage Fluctuations
How good is the quality of power being delivered?
5
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Achieving Smart Grid Objectives
Combining Operational Data
with Power Quality Data
Advanced Correlations
•By correlating data, power
quality issues can be reviewed
with relay and breaker
operation.
•The goal is to understand the
relationships to see what was
happened and how the grid
responded.
6
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Achieving Smart Grid Objectives
Corrective Action
Instructions can be developed for
grid operators on corrective action.
•Grid operators can
understand what is going on
with the grid.
•Planned action can be
established to minimize
disturbances to the grid.
7
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Achieving Smart Grid Objectives
Automation
Action Plans can be Automated
•Automation can be upgraded
to include the action plans
developed for improving grid
operations.
•A self healing grid becomes a
reality.
8
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Achieving Smart Grid Objectives
•Achieving Smart Grid
objectives sets the stage for a
new level of reliability and
security.
9
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Agenda
• Introduction
• Historical Perspective
• IEC 61850
• PQ Data Management: Integration of Data
• Case Studies
– Answer Modules
– Fault Location
– Using GIS to Visualize PQ Data
– Volt-Var Voltage Regulation
– Transformer Magnetizing Inrush
• Historian Database Integration
• Correlations of Power Quality and SCADA data
• Correlation with Digital Fault Recorder Events and E-mail Notification
• New PQView Projects
10
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Agenda
• Introduction
• Historical Perspective
• IEC 61850
• PQ Data Management: Integration of Data
• Case Studies
– Answer Modules
– Fault Location
– Using GIS to Visualize PQ Data
– Volt-Var Voltage Regulation
– Transformer Magnetizing Inrush
• Historian Database Integration
• Correlations of Power Quality and SCADA data
• Correlation with Digital Fault Recorder Events and E-mail Notification
• New PQView Projects
11
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Historical Perspective
•Proprietary Software
– Each manufacturer of equipment developed their own file
format for data management and analysis.
•Disconnected Communications
– The ability to share information was limited by the
communications technology used and the method by which each
vendor chose to use it.
12
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Historical Perspective
•Weak Software Standards
– Prior to PQDIF (Power Quality Data Interchange Format) there
were no defined standards
– COMTRADE IEEE C37.111-1999 file standards were weakly
defined.
– Distributed Network Protocol (DNP) standards developed out of
the manufacturers informally cooperating.
13
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Historical Perspective
•Disconnected Databases
– Databases were generated by each manufacturer and stored
separately.
•Disconnected Departments
– Each individual department assumed responsibility for their
data and of the data was not shared between the different
departments.
•Usage Limited to Compliance and Statistical Analysis
– Data was downloaded, archived and reviewed after an event
or disturbance occurred and not when events or
disturbances are actually occurring.
14
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Historical Perspective
The challenge is changing the way electric
utilities manage their business.
15
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Agenda
• Introduction
• Historical Perspective
• IEC 61850
• PQ Data Management: Integration of Data
• Case Studies
– Answer Modules
– Fault Location
– Using GIS to Visualize PQ Data
– Volt-Var Voltage Regulation
– Transformer Magnetizing Inrush
• Historian Database Integration
• Correlations of Power Quality and SCADA data
• Correlation with Digital Fault Recorder Events and E-mail Notification
• New PQView Projects
16
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
IEC 61850
•The objectives set for the standard are:
– A single protocol for modeling data
– To provide the definition of basic methods for the transfer of
data, so that mapping to communication protocols can be
maintained well into the future.
– To promote the exchange of data between multiple
Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED’s) and systems.
– A common method/format for storing data.
– To define the testing requirements for equipment to meet
the standard.
17
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
IEC 61850
•Dranetz Example. Will support
• IEC61850-6. Configuration language for communication in
electrical substations related to IEDs
• IEC61850-7-1. Principles and models
• IEC61850-7-2. Abstract communication service interface
(ACSI)
• IEC61850-7-3. Common Data Classes
• IEC61850-7-4. Compatible logical node classes and data
classes
• IEC61850-8-1. Mappings to MMS
•Dranetz will use KEMA for third party certification to IEC6185010
18
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Agenda
• Introduction
• Historical Perspective
• IEC 61850
• PQ Data Management: Integration of Data
• Case Studies
– Answer Modules
– Fault Location
– Using GIS to Visualize PQ Data
– Volt-Var Voltage Regulation
– Transformer Magnetizing Inrush
• Historian Database Integration
• Correlations of Power Quality and SCADA data
• Correlation with Digital Fault Recorder Events and E-mail Notification
• New PQView Projects
19
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Overview of Data Integration
Download
Server for PQ
Monitors and
Phase Angle
Sensors
Web Service, IEEE PQDIF,
and Proprietary Files
PQView
Download Server
for Relays
SCADA
Servers
IEEE COMTRADE Files
SCADA Historian API
Download Server
for DFRs
PQView
Database
IEEE COMTRADE Files
Proprietary Files from Portable PQ Monitors
20
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Overview of Data Integration
IEC 61850
PQView
IEC61850
Historian
Database
IEC61850
PQView
Database
IEC61850
IEC61850
21
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Historian DataBase
22
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Road to the Smart Grid – ODM
Operational Data Manager
23
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Agenda
• Introduction
• Historical Perspective
• IEC 61850
• PQ Data Management: Integration of Data
• Case Studies
– Answer Modules
– Fault Location
– Using GIS to Visualize PQ Data
– Volt-Var Voltage Regulation
– Transformer Magnetizing Inrush
• Historian Database Integration
• Correlations of Power Quality and SCADA data
• Correlation with Digital Fault Recorder Events and E-mail Notification
• New PQView Projects
24
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Capacitor Switching Answer Module
•The Capacitor Switching Answer Module automatically identifies
capacitor switching transients and determines the direction
(upstream or downstream) from the monitoring point.
•The Answer Module allows you to answer the following questions
using PQView:
– Is the power quality event a capacitor switching transient?
– Does the capacitor event appear to be normal?
– Does the capacitor event appear to be magnified?
– Was the reactive power change on all three phases balanced?
– What was the reactive power change on each phase?
25
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Example of Answer Module Output
GREENWD - 2/26/2009 10:39:51.5630
Va
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Direction Downline
High
General
No Magnification
Normal
Balanced
-2224263
-2205492
-2239395
-6669149
Vc
Ia
Ib
Ic
Ires
20000
Voltage (V)
33
No
15242
60
31650
10000
0
-10000
-20000
2000
Current (A)
Event ID
GPS Synch
Event Base Voltage
Event Fund Frequency
Reference Cycle Number
System Event ID
Valid
M.E. RMS Variation
M.E. Interruption
Monitor Availability
Load Interruption
B1
B2
B3
Capacitor Directivity
Capacitor Directivity Confidence
Capacitor General
Capacitor Magnification
Capacitor Normal
Capacitor Q Balance
Capacitor Q Delta A
Capacitor Q Delta B
Capacitor Q Delta C
Capacitor Q Delta Total
Vb
1000
0
-1000
-2000
0.00
0.05
Electrotek/EPRI
0.10
Time (s)
0.15
PQView®
26
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Example of Answer Module Output
27
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Sag Directivity Answer Module
•One of the most common power quality problems are voltage sags,
which are also known as voltage dips or rms voltage variations.
Voltage sags can be caused by multiple by internal events such as
the start-up of a large load or by a fault on the power system
itself,.
•The Sag Directivity Answer Module detects a voltage sag event,
identifies its characteristics and determines the direction of its
location relative to the monitoring point.
28
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Substation DataNode 61000 - 2/2/2003 17:10:28.1136
Va
Vb
Vc
Ia
Ib
Ic
860
No
7446
60
0
461
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
2
Direction Downline
Substation
Rain
Rain
5000
0
-5000
-10000
1000
Current (A)
Event ID
GPS Synch
Event Base Voltage
Event Fund Frequency
Reference Cycle Number
System Event ID
Valid
M.E. RMS Variation
M.E. Interruption
Monitor Availability
Load Interruption
B1
B2
B3
Count of Phases with Voltage Sag
Sag Directivity
Source Code
Weather
Weather
Voltage (V)
10000
500
0
-500
-1000
-0.05
Electrotek/EPRI
0
0.05
Time (s)
0.10
PQView®
Agenda
• Introduction
• Historical Perspective
• IEC 61850
• PQ Data Management: Integration of Data
• Case Studies
– Answer Modules
– Fault Location
– Using GIS to Visualize PQ Data
– Volt-Var Voltage Regulation
– Transformer Magnetizing Inrush
• Historian Database Integration
• Correlations of Power Quality and SCADA data
• Correlation with Digital Fault Recorder Events and E-mail Notification
• New PQView Projects
30
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Automatic Bus Fault Analysis
•The Reactance to Fault impedance and fault duration are
calculated from waveforms captured by power quality monitors
and microprocessor relays at area substations.
•PQView also integrates relay digital status values that indicate
which disturbance detection points were triggered by an event.
PQView also indicates which channel(s) triggered the operation of
a circuit breaker.
•The e-mail notification and web reports produced by PQView
assist operators in determining the source and location of the
fault that caused the area substation bus to trip out; thus ensuring
more rapid restoration of the area substation bus section when
the root cause is a feeder fault and overcurrent trip of the bus.
31
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Components of a Fault Location System
•Fault Measurements
– Fault waveforms from power quality monitors,
microprocessor relays, or digital fault recorders
– Optional: Digital status values from microprocessor relays
– Optional: Status values from circuit breaker or reclosers
•Fault Identification and Calculation Module
– Provided by PQView’s Reactance to Fault Add-in Module
•Up-to-Date Distribution Circuit Power Flow Models
– CYME CYMDIST, GL Industrial Group/Stoner Software®
SynerGEE
•GIS Information for Visualization
32
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Example Single-Phase Fault
I0 = 2kA
Total Current
I0 = 4x2 kA = 8kA
I0 = 2kA
I0 = 8kA
I0 = 2kA
IA
I0 = 2kA
VA
Voltage Drop
33
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Fault Locating Process
PQ Meter
Captures
Waveforms
Feeder Trips
due to Fault
PQView
Calculates
Reactance
Match Reactance
To Feeder Model
Single-Phase Fault Evolves
Single-Phase
into Two-Phase
Fault Evolves into Two-Phase
Vb
Voltage (kV)
20
0
Va Ia
Vb
Ib
Vc
Ic Ia
Ib
Ic
15.0
Visual
Fault
Locator
12.5
0
-5
0.00
0.05
Current (kA)
-20
XTF
17.5
10.0
5
Current (kA)
Vc
3
Reactance (ohms)
Voltage (kV)
Va
10.0
2
1
7.5
Dispatch
Crews
5.0
2.5
1B
0.10
Time (s)
2.195
2AB
2.216
0.15
0.05
EPRI/Electrotek
34
0.10
Time
(s)
PQView®
0.15
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Relay RTF Website
35
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Fault Location Performance
Distance between Estimated Fault Location and Actual Fault Location
Reactance-to-Fault Method, All Monitored Faults in 2009
12% >10 Manholes
6% 5 to 10 Manholes
7% 3 to 5 Manholes
Within 1 Section Length 57%
18% 1 to 3 Manholes
Con Edison®
PQView®
36
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Agenda
• Introduction
• Historical Perspective
• IEC 61850
• PQ Data Management: Integration of Data
• Case Studies
– Answer Modules
– Fault Location
– Using GIS to Visualize PQ Data
– Volt-Var Voltage Regulation
– Transformer Magnetizing Inrush
• Historian Database Integration
• Correlations of Power Quality and SCADA data
• Correlation with Digital Fault Recorder Events and E-mail Notification
• New PQView Projects
37
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Electrotek GIS Fault Visualizer:
UI Mockup feature review (aerial view)
Station, Line, and fault
selection controls
Interactive map
(use mouse to
pan & zoom)
Actual fault
pushpin (red)
Estimated fault pushpin (green) and
associated tooltip (tooltip pops up when
hovering over the pushpin)
Map imagery
control and
current mouse
position
Line sections not
involved in fault
(orange)
Estimated fault
line sections
(magenta)
Controls to navigate to and
show a specific address on the
map
Details on the currently
selected fault
Link to show the event associated
with the fault in a separate
WebPQView browser window
38
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Electrotek GIS Fault Visualizer:
UI Mockup (street view)
39
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Agenda
• Introduction
• Historical Perspective
• IEC 61850
• PQ Data Management: Integration of Data
• Case Studies
– Answer Modules
– Fault Location
– Using GIS to Visualize PQ Data
– Volt-Var Voltage Regulation
– Transformer Magnetizing Inrush
• Historian Database Integration
• Correlations of Power Quality and SCADA data
• Correlation with Digital Fault Recorder Events and E-mail Notification
• New PQView Projects
40
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Topology of an Area Substation
41
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Area Substation Intelligent Devices
• Power Quality Monitors, Microprocessor Relays, RTU’s
MPR
TR #1
TR #2
TR #3
TR #4
PQ
PQ
PQ
TR #5
MPR
42
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Area Substation SCADA Data
•RTU/EMS Systems Provides Data including:
– Station and Network Loading
– Breaker Change of Status
– Power Transformers Status
Energy Management System
• MW
• Mvar
• kV
• Tap Position
• Power Factor
•Data Updated in PI Historian every two seconds
5s
60s
43
5s
1h
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Linking PQView and PI Together
PI Server
PiSlicer
Library
PI SDK
PQView PQ
Data Manager
PiSlicer
PQView
Database
Con Edison
Electric Operations
PI System
44
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Area Substation Voltage Control
Area Substation Voltage Control
•MW Load Versus Voltage Schedule
– Tolerance based on time of day and day of week
•Range of Values across Transformers Operated in Parallel
– Tap Position Spread
– Reactive Power Balance
45
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Area Substation Voltage Control
Methods of Controlling Area Substation Voltage
•Voltage Var Control (VVC)
•Local Tap Changer Control System
•Manual Adjustment of Transformer Taps
46
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Area Substation Voltage Control
Area Substation Load versus Voltage Schedule
Station A
Scheduled Voltage
Max Voltage
Min Voltage
HGLODWX
13.6
kV
13.5
13.4
13.3
13.2
MW
250
200
150
9 Sat
Jul 2011
Con Edison®
10 Sun
11 Mon
12 Tue
13 Wed
14 Thu
15 Fri
16 Sat
Time
PQView®
47
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
24 Hour Regulation Plots
1.005
FULTON NETWORK MASTERPOINT PQNODE PRE CVO VERSUS POST CVO THREE PHASE
AVERAGE RMS HOURLY VOLTAGE BASED UPON TWO WEEKS OF PRE AND POST DATA
1
Three Phase Average RMS Per Unit Voltage
0.995
0.99
0.985
0.98
0.975
0.97
0.965
0.96
0.955
0.95
0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00
Hour of Day
Pre CVO
48
Post CVO
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Histogram Charts
with Relative and Cumulative Probability
FUV1651M - V RMS A, V RMS B, V RMS C
From 2/13/2011 to 2/27/2011
RP
CP
100%
8%
7%
80%
5%
60%
4%
40%
3%
2%
FUV1651M - V RMS A, V RMS B, V RMS C
From 3/13/2011 to 3/27/2011
20%
1%
0%
Con Edison Power Quality
RP
Count
0%
CP
100%
8%
7%
80%
6%
5%
60%
CP
12057
Min
0.9575
0.99
1.00
Avg
0.9726
Avg[V RMS A] (pu), Avg[V RMS B] (pu), Avg[V RMS C] (pu)
Max
0.9959
Range
0.03847
PQView®
St Dev
0.004707
Avg +3 St Dev 0.9867
Avg -3 St Dev 0.9585
CP00.5
0.9608
CP01
0.9616
CP05
0.9644
CP25
0.9694
CP50
0.9727
CP75
0.9761
CP95
0.9798
CP99
0.9825
CP99.5
0.9839
SI Range
0.003374
RP
RP
6%
CP
Count
12096
Min
0.9816
Avg
0.9958
Max
1.008
Range
0.02673
St Dev
0.004690
Avg +3 St Dev 1.010
Avg -3 St Dev 0.9817
CP00.5
0.9844
CP01
0.9853
CP05
0.9875
CP25
0.9925
CP50
0.9960
CP75
0.9992
CP95
1.003
CP99
1.005
CP99.5
1.005
SI Range
0.003372
4%
40%
3%
2%
20%
1%
0%
0%
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
Avg[V RMS A] (pu), Avg[V RMS B] (pu), Avg[V RMS C] (pu)
Con Edison Power Quality
49
PQView®
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Development of Control Charts
Substation
13KV Bus PT’s
Madison Square
Network Masterpoint
Spot Network
Paralleling Bus
Madison Square Network
50
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Voltage Control Results
51
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Voltage Control Results
52
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Development of Data Federation Tool
StationSPeC
53
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
StationSPeC Challenges
• StationSPeC allows us to analyze data from different monitoring systems in
different PQView databases with different sampling rates
– DataNodes and PQNodes programmed to record a sample once every 10
minutes
– PI saves SCADA analog values using a swinging door compression method
– PI saves breaker operations as discrete events
• Not all values are stored directly in either PI or PQView. Some are derived at
analysis time:
– Which of the station’s five transformers are in service at a given moment
in time
– The percentage of a week that a capacitor is in service
– Tap positions are stored in compressed form in PI, but we need to
quantize the positions through a decompression technique
54
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Area Substation Voltage Control
Voltage Control and Optimization
•Process Control Tool Development
– Control Variables
• Voltage Deviation from Schedule
• Range of Tap positions on Parallel Transformers
• Range of Mvar Load on Parallel Transformers
– Apply control chart methods to develop upper and lower
control limits
55
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Simple Application of Statistical
Process Control (SPC) Methods
•Each Monday, derive weekly average and standard deviation
values for the control variables
– At the same time, create weekly summary reports for
distribution via e-mail and on the company intranet
56
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Simple Application of Statistical
Process Control (SPC) Methods
•When analyzing a week for statistical process control, derive
upper control limit (UCL) and lower control limits (LCL) value
that compare the average and standard deviation for the past
week to the average and standard deviations of the eight weeks
prior to the past week.
Avgn 1  Avgn  2  ...Avgn 8
StDevn 1  StDevn  2  ...StDevn 8
3
8
8
Avgn 1  Avgn  2  ...Avgn 8
StDevn 1  StDevn  2  ...StDevn 8
LCLn 
3
8
8
Avg  WeeklyAverageof ControlledVariable
StDev  WeeklyAverageof ControlledVariable
UCLn 
n  T he week being analyzed
57
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Development of Control Charts
Voltage Deviation
Substation A
Station PI.LE1VOLT
Scheduled Voltage
Max Voltage
Min Voltage
SCADA Voltage Deviation
Voltage Deviation LCL
Voltage Deviation UCL
LE1LODWX
14.0
kV
13.8
13.6
13.4
V
200
0
-200
Process Control
Violation
5.01% UCL-LCL
5 Sun
Jun 2011
6 Mon
7 Tue
8 Wed
9 Thu
MAN-CMVM
CMVM-VVC
VVC-MAN
100
VVC-MAN
MAN-VVC
VVC-MAN
MAN-VVC
VVC-MAN
MAN-CMVM
CMVM-MAN
MAN-VVC
VVC-CMVM
CMVM-MAN
150
VVC
MW
200
10 Fri
11 Sat
12 Sun
Time
Con Edison®
PQView®
58
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Development of Control Charts
Voltage Deviation
Substation B
Station PI.ARVOLT
Scheduled Voltage
Max Voltage
Min Voltage
SCADA Voltage Deviation
Voltage Deviation LCL
Voltage Deviation UCL
ARLODWX
13.4
kV
13.2
13.0
12.8
12.6
0
V
-200
-400
-600
Process Control
Violation
3.28% UCL-LCL
100
60
40
VVC
MW
80
5 Sun
Jun 2011
6 Mon
7 Tue
8 Wed
9 Thu
10 Fri
11 Sat
12 Sun
Time
Con Edison®
PQView®
59
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Development of Control Charts
Tap Position Spread
Station C
Station PI.MHVOLT
MHTT1.MX
MHTT2.MX
MHTT3.MX
MHTT4.MX
Tap Range
Tap Range UCL
MHLODWX
kV
13.6
13.4
13.2
UCL – 5 Taps
13.0
5
Taps
0
-5
-10
-15
120
MW
100
80
60
40
5 Sun
Jun 2011
6 Mon
7 Tue
8 Wed
9 Thu
10 Fri
11 Sat
12 Sun
Time
Con Edison®
PQView®
60
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Development of Control Charts
Reactive Power Balance
Station D
Station PI.TCVOLT
TCLODWX
TCRT1.MX
TCRT2.MX
TCRT3.MX
TCRT4.MX
13.6
kV
13.5
13.4
13.3
70
MW
60
50
40
Mvar
5
0
-5
-10
5 Sun
Jun 2011
6 Mon
7 Tue
8 Wed
9 Thu
10 Fri
11 Sat
12 Sun
Time
Con Edison®
PQView®
61
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Development of Control Charts
Reactive Power Balance
Station D
Station PI.TCVOLT
TCLODWX
Mvar Range
Mvar Range UCL
13.6
kV
13.5
13.4
13.3
70
MW
60
50
40
Mvar
Process Control
6
5
Violations
UCL – 4 MVAR
4
3
2
1
0
5 Sun
Jun 2011
6 Mon
7 Tue
8 Wed
9 Thu
10 Fri
11 Sat
12 Sun
Time
Con Edison®
PQView®
62
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Area Substation Weekly Report
Voltage Regulation Control
Each cell is interactive. When you double-click on a cell, you see the
five-minute samples for that week in an interactive window.
63
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
SPC Assessment in Weekly Reports
•In the current version of the automated software, a week is
considered compliant if the average value of a controlled
variable is within the limits defined by the LCL and UCL values.
•The final version will use other control tests as well:
– Percentage of samples for a week within the LCL and UCL
limits
– A specified number of consecutive samples out of the control
limit ranges
•At present, the control limits for a given week are currently
determined by analyzing the eight weeks prior to that week.
64
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
0%
Reg Ctrl Mode VVC
65
Reg Ctrl Mode CMVM
Sherman Creek
West 110th Street 1
West 42nd Street 2
Pleasantville
Rockview
Newtown
Parkchester 2
East 36th Street
West 110th Street 2
Trade Center 1
Granite Hill
Leonard Street 2
Avenue A
East 75th Street
Hell Gate
Leonard Street 1
West 50th Street
East 179th Street
Corona 2
Woodrow
Cherry Street
West 65th Street 1
Seaport 2
East 63rd Street 1
Brownsville 1
West 19th St
North Queens
Corona 1
Harrison
East 63rd Street 2
West 42nd Street 1
Elmsford 2
Willowbrook
Fresh Kills
Cedar Street
Astor
Buchanan
Washington Street
Brownsville 2
White Plains
Greenwood
Water Street
Plymouth Street
Bruckner
West 65th Street 2
Wainwright
Seaport 1
Parkview
Parkchester 1
Ossinning
Murray Hill
Mott Haven
Millwood West
Jamaica
Grasslands
Glendale
East 40th Street 2
East 40th Street 1
East 29th Street
Bensonhurst 2
Bensonhurst 1
Area Substation
Voltage Control Summary
• Regulation Control Mode Performance Across the Area Substation
Population for one Week
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
Reg Ctrl Mode Man
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Area Substation Weekly Report
Power Factor Summary
66
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Area Substation Weekly Report
Tap Changer Summary
67
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
0
0
Parkview
68
East 63rd Street 1
Leonard Street 1
East 63rd Street 2
Leonard Street 2
West 19th St
West 50th Street
West 110th Street 1
Cherry Street
West 65th Street 2
West 65th Street 1
Seaport 1
Corona 1
Seaport 2
West 42nd Street 1
Sherman Creek
Water Street
West 42nd Street 2
Parkchester 2
Brownsville 1
Avenue A
Brownsville 2
Trade Center 1
Fox Hills
East 75th Street
Greenwood
Bensonhurst 1
Plymouth Street
West 110th Street 2
Hell Gate
Granite Hill
Glendale
Buchanan
Jamaica
North Queens
Wainwright
Corona 2
Elmsford 2
East 40th Street 2
East 179th Street
Washington Street
Murray Hill
Bensonhurst 2
Bruckner
East 36th Street
Astor
Cedar Street
Harrison
East 40th Street 1
Fresh Kills
Parkchester 1
Newtown
Millwood West
Willowbrook
Rockview
Woodrow
East 29th Street
Ossinning
White Plains
•Tap
Operations
on parallel
transformers
Grasslands
•Tap Range
among
parallel
transformers
Mott Haven
Area Substation Tap Changer Summary
40
900
800
35
700
30
600
25
500
20
400
15
300
10
200
100
5
Tap
Avg3 Ops Tap Range
Max
Tap 4 Ops
OpsRangeTap
1 Ops Min Tap 2Tap
TapRange
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Summary
Federation of PQ Monitors with a SCADA Historian for Regulation Assessment
• Tool for Regulation Assessment
• Integrates several data sources and analysis tools
– IEDs & SCADA & Historian
– Scalable
– Expandable
• Tool Provides:
– Automation of Statistical Process Control Techniques
• Identifies when regulation process is “out of control”
– Potential for more precise voltage optimization for real and reactive
power conservation
– More precise information for advancement of asset management
techniques
69
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
EPRI Voltage Optimization Field Trial Results
(2010)
70
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Agenda
• Introduction
• Historical Perspective
• IEC 61850
• PQ Data Management: Integration of Data
• Case Studies
– Answer Modules
– Fault Location
– Using GIS to Visualize PQ Data
– Volt-Var Voltage Regulation
– Transformer Magnetizing Inrush
• Historian Database Integration
• Correlations of Power Quality and SCADA data
• Correlation with Digital Fault Recorder Events and E-mail Notification
• New PQView Projects
71
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Transformer Magnetizing Inrush
•Con Edison uses the term “Cut-In Open-Auto” or CIOA to
describe a feeder that trips immediately upon re-energization.
•A CIOA could be caused by the same or a new fault or by inrush
current.
•If there is no fault, the feeder can be reenergized quickly,
reducing stress and risk to a network.
•In 2007, Con Edison asked Electrotek to enhance the
functionality in PQView to detect inrush current and
differentiate it from fault current.
•Today operators receive an e-mail notifying them is a breaker
can be closed again as inrush current tripped the breaker on
reclosing.
72
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Real Fault
Fault Current versus Inrush Current
E36THST - 12/16/2006 22:42:25.0650
Va
Vb
Vc
Ia
Ib
Ic
In
I res
Event
Inrush
Current (A)
Voltage (V)
10000
5000
0
-5000
-10000
4000
2000
0
-2000
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
EPRI/El ec trotek
0.10
T ime (s )
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
PQView®
73
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Agenda
• Introduction
• Historical Perspective
• IEC 61850
• PQ Data Management: Integration of Data
• Case Studies
– Answer Modules
– Fault Location
– Using GIS to Visualize PQ Data
– Volt-Var Voltage Regulation
– Transformer Magnetizing Inrush
• Historian Database Integration
• Correlations of Power Quality and SCADA data
• Correlation with Digital Fault Recorder Events and E-mail Notification
• New PQView Projects
74
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
PI Data Integration
PI Tag
Bkr Trip
SDG&E Condition Based Maintenance
CBM Visualization and Reporting
76
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Example Correlation
Single-Phase Distribution Fault Event
BENSH1 - 3/12/2009 08:25:55.5630
Va
Vb
Vc
Ia
Ib
Ic
Voltage (V)
20000
O peration
Point NameBNBX21W . DX
T ime Stamp3/ 12/2009 08:25:56. 0126
Value
B_HURST 1 BKR 21W (10B66)
Description CLO SE-T RIP
10000
0
-10000
-20000
Current (A)
2000
0
-2000
0
Electrotek/EPRI
2
Event ID = 510113
77
4
6
Time (c)
8
10
PQView®
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Example Correlation
Multiple Breaker Trips due to Substation Fault
PKCHEST1 - 3/2/2009 02:18:28.1250
Va
Point NamePKBX33E.DX
T ime Stamp3/ 2/2009 02:18:31. 0241
Value
PARK_CH1 BKR 33E
Description CLO SE-T RIP
Vc
Ia
Ib
Ic
10000
7X78
7X81
Voltage (V)
O perations
Point NamePKBX32E.DX
T ime Stamp3/ 2/2009 02:18:31. 0241
Value
PARK_CH1 BKR 32E
Description CLO SE-T RIP
Vb
15000
5000
0
-5000
-10000
Point NamePKBX3BT .DX
T ime Stamp3/ 2/2009 02:18:31. 0241
Value
PARK_CH1 BKR 3BT
Description CLO SE-T RIP
Point NamePKBX7T R.DX
T ime Stamp3/ 2/2009 02:18:31. 0242
Value
PARK_CH1 BKR 7T R
Description CLO SE-T RIP
Current (A)
Point NamePKBX3T R.DX
T ime Stamp3/ 2/2009 02:18:31. 0242
Value
PARK_CH1 BKR 3T R
Description CLO SE-T RIP
-15000
10000
5000
38X03
0
-5000
7X24
-10000
0
Electrotek/EPRI
2
Event ID = 460896
78
4
6
Time (c)
8
10
PQView®
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Agenda
• Introduction
• Historical Perspective
• IEC 61850
• PQ Data Management: Integration of Data
• Case Studies
– Answer Modules
– Fault Location
– Using GIS to Visualize PQ Data
– Volt-Var Voltage Regulation
– Transformer Magnetizing Inrush
• Historian Database Integration
• Correlations of Power Quality and SCADA data
• Correlation with Digital Fault Recorder Events and E-mail Notification
• New PQView Projects
79
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Digital Fault Recorders
•Minimum and maximum rms values of voltage and current,
along with overcurrent duration in cycles, are available for all
channels in an email notification
•The email notification is set to trigger if current on any channel
exceeds 1500 A
•Correlation with breaker tags in OSIsoft® PI System® Historian is
completed not via digital status changes but rather via changes
in analog values
80
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Email Fault Notification
81
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
W72 Line Trip - Email Notification
Station / Timestamp
All Channels
Min/Max RMS Values
82
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
W72 Line Trip - Email Notification
W72 Trip Out
83
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
W72 Line Trip – Max RMS Values
84
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Agenda
• Introduction
• Historical Perspective
• PQ Data Management: Integration of Data
• IEC 61850
• Case Studies
– Answer Modules
– Fault Location
– Using GIS to Visualize PQ Data
– Volt-Var Voltage Regulation
– Transformer Magnetizing Inrush
• Historian Database Integration
• Correlations of Power Quality and SCADA data
• Correlation with Digital Fault Recorder Events and E-mail Notification
• New PQView Projects
85
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
New PQView Project
Incipient (Coming soon) Fault Location Functionality
•Recurring Short duration faults, less than ¼ cycle in duration
have been an indication of a potential fault occurring.
•By capturing the fault waveform and performing a Reactance to
fault calculation corrective action may be taken to prevent the
fault from occurring
86
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
New PQView Projects
•Incipient (Coming Soon) Fault Location Functionality
Va
Vb
Vc
Ia
Voltage (V)
20000
10000
Reactance-to-Fault: 2.6 ohms
0
-10000
Va
-20000
500
Voltage (V)
0
-500
-1000
-1500
Vc
Ia
Ib
Ic
10000
0
-10000
-2000
-2500
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
Time (c)
-20000
3000
1.5
2000
1.0
Current (A)
Current (A)
Vb
20000
2.0
1000
0
-1000
-2000
-3000
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Time (c)
87
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
New PQView Projects
Partial Discharge Detection
•Plans to integrate devices in PQView that provide partial
discharge measurements.
– Partial discharge is localized dielectric breakdown of cable
that is detectable before a cable failure that results in a fault.
– Detection of which cable sections are demonstrating
measurable partial discharge is a goal to proactively replace
cables before they fail and increase the risk to a network’s
reliability
88
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
New PQView Projects
Steady State Voltage Regulation
•Voltage Schedule Application
– Assesses Difference between Recorded Voltage versus
“Scheduled Voltage”
• Based on time of day, day of week, and recorded
megawatts
– Transformer Balance of MW and Mvar
– Tap Setting Uniformity
89
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
Conclusions
• The implementation of Smart Grid Programs will result in a very
large amount of data to be stored in a database.
• To achieve better Power Quality and Reliability the analysis and
correlations will need to be explored.
•The results from the analysis will then become the basis for
future automation efforts to establishing a “Self Healing” power
grid.
90
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.
PQView.com
•Technical information.
•Register for a Trial Version.
•Download instructions.
•Everything you need to know is there.
91
© 2011 Electrotek Concepts, Inc. All rights reserved.