Salvation History One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah Overview In this chapter you'll learn: 1. The "big picture" overview of Salvation History-which will be explored step-by-step later in the course 2. The definition of "covenant" and how it is the key concept that links the Old Testament stories to (a) (b) the mission of Christ and the continuing mission of the Catholic Church 3. How to understand the Genesis stories of creation 4. How fundamental Catholic doctrines on marriage and the family are logically based on a proper understanding of the covenant with Adam One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah Why study Bible history from the perspective of God's covenants with mankind? 1. With a better understanding of Scripture, today we as Catholics can enter into more fully the liturgical worship of the family of God, the Catholic Church. 2. The Old Testament can be understood as a sequence or series of covenants that God established down through the ages leading up the coming of Christ. One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah The Mind of the Church: The Old Testament is an indispensable part of Sacred Scripture. Its books are divinely inspired and retain a permanent value, for the Old Covenant has never been revoked. (CCC 121) One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah The Five Old Testament Covenants Old Testament Covenant Made with: Covenant included: Biblical reference: Number 1 Adam Family – the foundational covenant which all others spring Genesis 1:26 – 2:3 Number 2 Noah Household Genesis 9:8 - 17 Number 3 Abraham Tribe Genesis 12:1-3; 22:16 - 18 Number 4 Moses Nation Exodus 19:5-6; 3:4 - 10 Number 5 David Kingdom 2 Samuel 7:8 - 19 One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah How to understand "covenant" "Covenant" is NOT interchangeable with the word contract: "Contracts" exchange property, goods, and services; "covenants" exchange persons In a covenant you say, “I am yours, and you are mine." * Covenant creates what type of bond? A sacred family bond One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah In ancient Israel, there was no word for family. so it is suggested that the word used was covenant. One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah What is God doing in the series of covenants? He is "fathering” His family. He is trying to reunify this family, which has been broken by sin. When Jesus comes, He does NOT abolish the Old Covenant law, He completes and perfects it. One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah The Greek word for international is "Catholic.“ Jesus transforms David's national, political kingdom into an international, spiritual kingdom, which is the Catholic Church. One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah The Catholic Church is the sacramental family of God. It will accomplish what? The supernatural reunification of God's family. How the sacraments unite us in the Catholic family 1. Baptism gives us the family name of the Trinity which is the eternal, original family. 2. The Eucharist perfects and strengthens the family bond by feeding us the flesh and blood of Christ, the second Adam. 3. In the Church, we become adopted members of the Trinity as our family One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah Mind of the Church: God, infinitely perfect and blessed in himself, in a plan of sheer goodness freely created man to make him share in his own blessed life. For this reason, at every time and in every place, God draws close to man. He calls man to seek him, to know him, to love him with all his strength. He calls together all men, scattered and divided by sin, into the unity of his family, the Church. To accomplish this, when the fullness of time had come, God sent his Son as Redeemer and Savior. In his Son and through him, he invites men to become, in the Holy Spirit, his adopted children and thus heirs of his blessed life. (CCC 1) [God's] plan...unfolds in the work of creation, the whole history of salvation after the fall, and the missions of the Son and the Spirit, which are continued in the mission of the Church. (CCC 257) One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah The creation accounts—Genesis What is the Catholic teaching regarding the Bible? The Bible is inspired by God, meaning God is the principal author and the human authors are instruments that God uses. The Bible has no error even in the history that it teaches, but Hebrew/religious history is expressed differently than we do today. One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah Differences between Biblical history and modern Western history include: Western history is sequential or in chronological sequence. Hebrew (or "religious") history is elliptical, circular-not always in the order events occurred. Religious history uses symbols and figures to express the meaning behind historical events. Religious history uses different literary types (poetry, etc.). One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah Mind of the Church: "To interpret Scripture correctly, the reader must be attentive to what the human authors truly wanted to affirm and to what God wanted to reveal to us by their words. In order to discover the sacred authors' intention, the reader must take into account the conditions of their time and culture, the literary genres in use at that time, and the modes of feeling, speaking, and narrating then current." (CCC 109-110) One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah The Word of God: John 1:1-3 "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God; all things were made through him, and without him was not anything made that was made." Col 1:16-17 [In Jesus Christ] "all things were created, in heaven and on earth ... all things were created through him and for him. He is before all things, and in him all things hold together." One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah The Mind of the Church: The New Testament reveals that God created everything by the eternal Word, his beloved Son. (CCC 291) One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah The 6 Days of Creation Formless Empty Day 1 Day 4 Separate Light/Dark Create Sun, Moon, Stars Day 2 Separate Waters Above/ Waters Below Day 5 Create Flying Creatures & Sea Creatures Day 3 Separate Water/Land (Plants) Day 6 Create Land Animals & Humans (Plants for Food) One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah DIGGING DEEPER - Church Doctrines that come from Genesis 1 . The Doctrine of Creation 2. The Doctrine of Man 3. The Doctrine of Marriage One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah I. The Doctrine of Creation Evolution vs. creation Can a Catholic believe in evolution? Yes Why? Because creation tells us where matter came from and evolution tells us how it developed to become what it is today. The "evolutionary" theories can't tell us the origin of matter, just how matter developed after it was created. One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah Mind of the Church: Wherefore, the magisterium of the Church does not forbid that the teaching of evolution be treated in accord with the present status of human disciplines and of theology, by investigations and disputations by learned men in both fields; insofar, of course, as the inquiry is concerned with the origin of the human body arising from already existing and living matter... (Pius XII, encyclical Humani generis (1950): DS 3896) God declares that all creation is very good. One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah Word of God: Genesis 1:31 "And God saw everything that he had made, and behold, it was very good." Therefore, it is wrong to believe that flesh is evil and just the spirit is good. In fact, God through Jesus Christ used our body to redeem us and restore us to relationship with Himself. One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah Mind of the Church: The human body shares in the dignity of "the image of God": it is a human body precisely because it is animated by a spiritual soul, and it is the whole human person that is intended to become, in the body of Christ, a temple of the Spirit: Man, though made of body and soul, is a unity... For this reason man may not despise his bodily life. Rather he is obliged to regard his body as good and to hold it in honor since God has created it and will raise it up on the last day. (CCC 364) One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah Word of God: Genesis 1:26-28 God said, "Let us make man in our image, after our likeness....So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. And God blessed them... Genesis 5:3 When Adam had lived 130 years, he had a son in his own likeness, in his own image and he named him Seth. Therefore, when God created us, He created us in a father-son relationship so we are truly children of God. What does "image and likeness" mean in Gen 5:3? To father a son. Therefore, when God created us, he created us in a father-son relationship, so we are truly children of God. One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah Why are there two creation stories? The two stories — Gen 1 and Gen 2 — are complementary First, God transforms the cosmos into a home and the creatures into His children (Genesis 1) Then, God fashions man into a married couple (Genesis 2) One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah Four truths the creation accounts in Genesis teach us 1. We learn that all human life has sacred dignity from pre-born to the natural end of life, because each person is formed in the image of God. Mind of the Church: Every human life, from the moment of conception until death, is sacred because the human person has been willed for its own sake in the image and likeness of the living and holy God. (CCC 2319) One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah 2. We learn that human labor has a certain value, because work is not a curse but a blessing. We work in imitation of God for six days and rest on the seventh. Mind of the Church; The sign of man's familiarity with God is that God places him in the garden. There he lives "to till it and keep it." Work is not yet a burden, but rather the collaboration of man and woman with God in perfecting the visible creation. (CCC 378) God's action is the model for human action. If God "rested and was refreshed" on the seventh day, man too ought to "rest" and should let others, especially the poor, "be refreshed." (CCC 2172). One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah 3. We learn the centrality of worship as a part of human nature. Mind of the Church: The celebration of Sunday observes the moral commandment inscribed by nature in the human heart to render to God an outward, visible, public, and regular worship "as a sign of his universal beneficence to all." (CCC 2176) 4. We learn that all mankind is one family of God. One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah III. The Doctrine of Marriage How many of the world's religions require "strict monogamy" (just 1 husband and 1 wife)? One -Christianity Marriage is divinely instituted — strict monogamy is rooted in the nature of man at the moment of our creation. Word of God: Genesis 1:27 So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. (28) And God blessed them, and God said to them, "Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the air and over every living thing that moves upon the earth." Genesis 2:24 Therefore a man leaves his father and his mother and cleaves to his wife, and they become one flesh. One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah Jesus was asked by the Pharisees about divorce and He made clear that marriage is indissoluble. Word of God; Matthew 19:3-6 And Pharisees came up to Him [Jesus] and tested Him by asking, "Is it lawful to divorce one's wife for any cause?" He answered, "Have you not read that he who made them from the beginning made them male and female, and said, 'For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh? So they are no longer two but one flesh. What therefore God has joined together, let not man put asunder." Marriage becomes indissoluble — meaning, permanent — when consummated with sexual intercourse. One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah Mind of the Church; The married couple forms "the intimate partnership of life and love established by the Creator and governed by his laws; it is rooted in the conjugal covenant, that is, in their irrevocable personal consent." Both give themselves definitively and totally to one another. They are no longer two; from now on they form one flesh. The covenant they freely contracted imposes on the spouses the obligation to preserve it as unique and indissoluble. (CCC 2364) Marriage has two purposes: 1. We are in a sense co-creators with God in the act of marriage, helping build up God's family. 2. Marriage also has a "unitive" purpose, so the two become one flesh. One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah Summary The "Doctrine of Creation" teaches us that our bodies are good and that our sexual instincts can be harnessed to serve glorious ends. The "Doctrine of Marriage" teaches that we are created to be in an indissoluble covenant with our spouse and that the covenant is made by God to be fruitful. Contraception - violates God's blessing to "be fruitful and multiply" (Genesis 1:28 - above) All the Protestant denominations taught that contraception was wrong until only the last 70 years. One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah Mind of the Church; The regulation of births represents one of the aspects of responsible fatherhood and motherhood. Legitimate intentions on the part of the spouses do not justify recourse to morally unacceptable means (for example, direct sterilization or contraception). (CCC 2399) One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah The Church is also the family of God in the eternal, everlasting sense. Mary - our Mother Pope - our Holy Father Priests - sacramental father Saints - older brothers and sisters Eucharist - family table One Holy Family: From Adam to Noah Satan doesn't directly lie, but uses the truth in a deceptive way Satan emphasizes the negative in God's prohibition Satan twists meaning of the word “die” to refer to “physical” death when God meant “spiritual” death One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob Chapter Two - One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob In this chapter you'll learn: How the scope of the covenants gradually expands from Adam through Noah to Abraham The repercussions of repeated infidelity to the first (marital) covenant which continue to plague the Jews even today How the three promises made to Abraham will be fulfilled in the remaining covenants A thorough explanation of how the first 22 chapters of Genesis all fit together and are fulfilled with the coming of Jesus Christ One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob God's response to the Fall of Adam and Eve Word of God Genesis Chapter 3 - (14) The LORD God said to the serpent, "Because you have done this, cursed are you above all cattle, and above all wild animals; upon your belly you shall go, and dust you shall eat all the days of your life. (15) I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your seed and her seed; he shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise his heel." One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob The hinge on which the rest of salvation history will turn What are the two "seeds"? - The line of Satan is the line of Cain - The line of the woman is Seth Eve's firstborn is named Cain, who is the first Old Testament example of a "wicked firstborn" who succumbs to pride of place in the family. God will have to pass over the firstborn in order to get to the righteous son who will live out God's righteousness. One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob Cain kills Abel due to envy. - Jealousy is trying to get for yourself the same advantage someone else has; - Envy is trying to destroy the other person's advantage One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob Word of God Genesis Chapter 4 – (23) Lamech said to his wives: "Adah and Zillah, hear my voice; you wives of Lamech, hearken to what I say: I have slain a man for wounding me, a young man for striking me. (24) If Cain is avenged sevenfold, truly Lamech seventy-sevenfold." (23) This is the first example of bigamy in the Bible (24) Satan's family reaches its (a)completeness in Lamech. One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (25) And Adam knew his wife again, and she bore a son and called his name Seth, for she said, "God has appointed for me another child instead of Abel, for Cain slew him." (26) To Seth also a son was born, and he called his name Enosh. At that time men began to call upon the name of the LORD. (26) "to call upon the name" means worship.. The Hebrew word for name: "Shem." One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob The lines of Seth and Cain before the Flood Word of God Genesis Chapter 6 (1) When men began to multiply on the face of the ground, and daughters were born to them, (2) the sons of God saw that the daughters of men were fair; and they took to wife such of them as they chose. (3) Then the LORD said, "My spirit shall not abide in man for ever, for he is flesh, but his days shall be a hundred and twenty years." (4) The Nephilim were on the earth in those days, and also afterward, when the sons of God came in to the daughters of men, and they bore children to them. These were the mighty men that were of old, the men of renown. (4) In Hebrew, these are "men of Shem" (who are trying to make a "name" for themselves) One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob Who are the sons of God in Genesis 5? The Sethites The men of the line of Seth were marrying with the women of the line of Cain. The text also implies these marriages were polygamous. Marital infidelity in the Old Testament is what always brings God's curse God's judgment in this case is the flood. One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob The covenant with Noah Word of God Genesis Chapter 9 (8) Then God said to Noah and to his sons with him, (9) "Behold, I establish my covenant with you and your descendants after you, (10) and with every living creature that is with you, the birds, the cattle, and every beast of the earth with you, as many as came out of the ark. (11) I establish my covenant with you, that never again shall all flesh be cut off by the waters of a flood, and never again shall there be a flood to destroy the earth. (8-10) Covenant made with Noah and the family under his authority One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob Genesis Chapter 9 (20) Noah was the first tiller of the soil. He planted a vineyard; (21) and he drank of the wine, and became drunk, and lay uncovered in his tent. (22) And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brothers outside. (23) Then Shem and Japheth took a garment, laid it upon both their shoulders, and walked backward and covered the nakedness of their father; their faces were turned away, and they did not see their father's nakedness. (24) When Noah awoke from his wine and knew what his youngest son had done to him, (25) he said, "Cursed be Canaan; a slave of slaves shall he be to his brothers." One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (22) "to look upon the nakedness" is a Hebrew idiom for incest (25) Canaan is the son resulting from Ham's incestuous union with his own mother This sort of incest was common as part of Canaanite religious worship and fertility cults. See Leviticus 18:7..." You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father, which is the nakedness of your mother; she is your mother, you shall not uncover her nakedness." Why did Ham do this? He was trying to overthrow his father. Throughout the Old Testament, if you want to topple your father, you sleep with his wife or his concubines. One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob The Land of Canaan Shem was Noah's righteous first-born son. The Promised Land that the Jews were supposed to enter was not supposed to be known as "Canaan." It was supposed to be Shem’s land. That's why God gives the Jews the order to take it back from the Canaanites. The sons of Ham are the nations that are the worst enemies of Israel: Egypt, Canaan, Assyria, Babylon, and the Philistines. One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob The Tower of Babel Word of God Genesis Chapter 11 (1) Now the whole earth had one language and few words. (2) And as men migrated from the east, they found a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there. (3) And they said to one another, "Come, let us make bricks, and burn them thoroughly." And they had brick for stone, and bitumen for mortar. (4) Then they said, "Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in the heavens, and let us make a name for ourselves, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth." (4) "make a 'Shem'" in Hebrew - meaning they are repudiating the crown prince, Noah's firstborn Shem One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob God's response to Babel: the "rescue mission" for the world Word of God Genesis Chapter 12 (1) Now the LORD said to Abram, "Go from your country and your kindred and your father's house to the land that I will show you. (2) And I will make of you a great nation, and I will bless you, and make your name great, so that you will be a blessing. (3) I will bless those who bless you, and him who curses you I will curse; and by you all the families of the earth shall bless themselves." (2) "make your 'Shem' great" in Hebrew One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob Three promises: (a) I will give you this land. (b) I will make your name great- in Hebrew means give you a dynasty. (c) I will make you a blessing for the whole world. One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob Next three covenants given to seal these promises: (a) Land given with the first covenant. (b) Great name, dynasty, or kingdom given with the second covenant. (c) Blessing of the entire world given with the third covenant. One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob Genesis 12: Abram's journeys of faith - Called from UR of the Chaldeans - Travels to Canaan - but famine forces him to leave - Goes down to Egypt. - Leaves Egypt enriched. One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob Genesis 13-14; Abram and Lot - Abram splits the land with Lot (Abraham's nephew) --- Lot takes the richest land - Lot is captured in a war, and Abram rescues him - Abram gives one-tenth of the booty to the priest-king of Salem, Melchizedek One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob Genesis 16: Abram's first offspring - Sarai's maid Hagar made pregnant by Abram - Son named Ishmael - This act - although Sarai encouraged it - violates the marriage covenant One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob Genesis 17: 2nd covenant and name change - 13 years later: God changes Abram's name to Abraham meaning "father of a vast multitude" and Sarai's name to Sarah meaning "Queen Mother" - God promises a son - Isaac, which means laughter - God gives Abraham the sign of the covenant: circumcision of all males One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob Genesis 18-19; Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah - Abraham negotiates to save the towns if he can find ten righteous people - Only Lot and his two daughters survive - Daughters then commit incest with him, resulting in sons, Ammon and Moab - They become the fathers of two more antiJewish ethnic groups One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob Genesis 21: Isaac - Isaac is born, and this finally divides Sarah and Hagar. Genesis 22: The test before the 3rd covenant Word of God Genesis 22 (1) After these things God tested Abraham, and said to him, "Abraham!" And he said, "Here am I." (2) He said, "Take your son, your only son Isaac, whom you love, and go to the land of Moriah, and offer him there as a burnt offering upon one of the mountains of which I shall tell you." (2) Isaac was probably in his teens' One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (3) So Abraham rose early in the morning, saddled his ass, and took two of his young men with him, and his son Isaac; and he cut the wood for the burnt offering, and arose and went to the place of which God had told him. (4) On the third day Abraham lifted up his eyes and saw the place afar off. (5) Then Abraham said to his young men, "Stay here with the ass; I and the lad will go yonder and worship, and come again to you." (5) This indicates Abraham may have had a trace of faith in his son's safety One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (3) So Abraham rose early in the morning, saddled his ass, and took two of his young men with him, and his son Isaac; and he cut the wood for the burnt offering, and arose and went to the place of which God had told him. (4) On the third day Abraham lifted up his eyes and saw the place afar off. (5) Then Abraham said to his young men, "Stay here with the ass; I and the lad will go yonder and worship, and come again to you.“ (5) This indicates Abraham may have had a trace of faith in his son's safety One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (6) And Abraham took the wood of the burnt offering, and laid it on Isaac his son; and he took in his hand the fire and the knife. So they went both of them together. (7) And Isaac said to his father Abraham, "My father!" And he said, "Here am I, my son." He said, "Behold, the fire and the wood; but where is the lamb for a burnt offering?" (8) Abraham said, "God will provide himself the lamb for a burnt offering, my son." So they went both of them together. (8) In Hebrew “Yahweh jaera” One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (9) When they came to the place of which God had told him, Abraham built an altar there, and laid the wood in order, and bound Isaac his son, and laid him on the altar, upon the wood. (10) Then Abraham put forth his hand, and took the knife to slay his son. (11) But the angel of the LORD called to him from heaven, and said, "Abraham, Abraham!" And he said, "Here am I." (12) He said, "Do not lay your hand on the lad or do anything to him; for now I know that you fear God, seeing you have not withheld your son, your only son, from me." (13) And Abraham lifted up his eyes and looked, and behold, behind him was a ram, caught in a thicket by his horns; and Abraham went and took the ram, and offered it up as a burnt offering instead of his son. (14) So Abraham called the name of that place The LORD will provide; as it is said to this day, "On the mount of the LORD it shall be provided." (14) Moriah is in Jerusalem – the new name formed by the combination of “jaera” and Salem:” 2 Chronicles 3:1: “Then Solomon began to build the house of the Lord in Jerusalem on Mount Moriah…” One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob 15) And the angel of the LORD called to Abraham a second time from heaven, (16) and said, "By myself I have sworn, says the LORD, because you have done this, and have not withheld your son, your only son, (17) I will indeed bless you, and I will multiply your descendants as the stars of heaven and as the sand which is on the seashore. And your descendants shall possess the gate of their enemies, (18) and by your descendants shall all the nations of the earth bless themselves, because you have obeyed my voice." (16-18) God raises the 3rd promise to the level of covenant One Holy Tribe: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob Why would God do this - ask Abraham to sacrifice his only beloved son? Because He is blessing us in a way that the world will never recognize - Jesus was crucified in the same mountain range as Isaac was offered - Jesus took upon himself the curse of the oath in order to unleash the blessing for the whole world which God promised One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi In this chapter you'll learn: 1. How the Israelites wound up in Egypt in slavery 2. The significance of the plagues God sent upon Egypt 3. The parallels between the life of Moses and the life of Jesus-and why Jesus is the "new Moses" How did the children of Israel become slaves in the land of Egypt? Had this exile been foretold? Gen 15:13 13Then the LORD said to Abram, ‘Know this for certain, that your offspring shall be aliens in a land that is not theirs, and shall be slaves there, and they shall be oppressed for four hundred years; What had God promised Abram? Gen 17:8 8And I will give to you, and to your offspring after you, the land where you are now an alien, all the land of Canaan, for a perpetual holding; and I will be their God.’ What did God promise Abram concerning his descendants? 14but I will bring judgement on the nation that they serve, and afterwards they shall come out with great possessions. 15As for yourself, you shall go to your ancestors in peace; you shall be buried in a good old age. 16And they shall come back here in the fourth generation; for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet complete.’ Did Abraham’s great-grandson Joseph expect the Israelites’ exodus from Egypt? Hebrew 11:22 22By faith Joseph, at the end of his life, made mention of the exodus of the Israelites and gave instructions about his burial. Where did the Israelites live in Egypt? Gen 47:27 27 Thus Israel settled in the land of Egypt, in the region of Goshen; and they gained possessions in it, and were fruitful and multiplied exceedingly. Ex 8:22 22But on that day I will set apart the land of Goshen, where my people live, so that no swarms of flies shall be there, that you may know that I the LORD am in this land. What was the condition of the Hebrews in Egypt? Ex 1:8-14 8 Now a new king arose over Egypt, who did not know Joseph. 9He said to his people, ‘Look, the Israelite people are more numerous and more powerful than we. 10Come, let us deal shrewdly with them, or they will increase and, in the event of war, join our enemies and fight against us and escape from the land.’ 11Therefore they set taskmasters over them to oppress them with forced labour. They built supply cities, Pithom and Rameses, for Pharaoh. 12But the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and spread, so that the Egyptians came to dread the Israelites. 13The Egyptians became ruthless in imposing tasks on the Israelites, 14and made their lives bitter with hard service in mortar and brick and in every kind of field labour. They were ruthless in all the tasks that they imposed on them. What did the Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, decree about the birth of baby boys? Ex 1:15-22 15 The king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives, one of whom was named Shiphrah and the other Puah, 16‘When you act as midwives to the Hebrew women, and see them on the birthstool, if it is a boy, kill him; but if it is a girl, she shall live.’ 17But the midwives feared God; they did not do as the king of Egypt commanded them, but they let the boys live. 18So the king of Egypt summoned the midwives and said to them, ‘Why have you done this, and allowed the boys to live?’ 19The midwives said to Pharaoh, ‘Because the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women; for they are vigorous and give birth before the midwife comes to them.’ 20So God dealt well with the midwives; and the people multiplied and became very strong. 21And because the midwives feared God, he gave them families. 22Then Pharaoh commanded all his people, ‘Every boy that is born to the Hebrews* you shall throw into the Nile, but you shall let every girl live.’ What did one set of courageous parents do? How was their baby saved? Hebrews 11:23 23 By faith Moses was hidden by his parents for three months after his birth, because they saw that the child was beautiful; and they were not afraid of the king’s edict.* Ex 2:5-9 5 The daughter of Pharaoh came down to bathe at the river, while her attendants walked beside the river. She saw the basket among the reeds and sent her maid to bring it. 6When she opened it, she saw the child. He was crying, and she took pity on him. ‘This must be one of the Hebrews’ children,’ she said. 7Then his sister said to Pharaoh’s daughter, ‘Shall I go and get you a nurse from the Hebrew women to nurse the child for you?’ 8Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, ‘Yes.’ So the girl went and called the child’s mother. 9Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, ‘Take this child and nurse it for me, and I will give you your wages.’ So the woman took the child and nursed it. One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi God fathers his family through covenants 1. The three stages of Biblical history Stage Name Comments Stage 1:Natural Stage Religion built upon Nature: * The father is priest, prophet, & king * First-born is successor* Family is both church and state Stage 2: "Levitical" or Starts with the Mosaic Covenantsometimes called legal phase * Priesthood stripped away from fathers and sons and given to the tribe of Levi * Lasts over a thousand years * A "bureaucratic" interim arrangement Stage 3: "Age of Grace" or sometimes called "Evangelical" Age Not dependent on Sacrifices Dietary restrictions * Instead, the sacraments binds God’s family One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi Continuation of Covenant with Abraham Isaac married Rebekah and had two sons. The oldest named Esau and the other Jacob. At the very moment they are conceived, God says, "Two nations are in your womb, and two peoples, born of you, shall be divided; the one shall be stronger than the other, the elder shall serve the younger." (Genesis 25:23) The power of the blessing: Whoever has the blessing will stand in relation to his brothers like a father. With Rebekah's help Jacob tricks Isaac and gets the blessing but was it so treacherous? One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi Word of God Genesis Chapter 25 (29) Once when Jacob was boiling pottage, Esau came in from the field, and he was famished. (30) And Esau said to Jacob, "Let me eat some of that red pottage, for I am famished!"... (31) Jacob said, "First sell me your birthright." (32) Esau said, "I am about to die; of what use is a birthright to me?" (33) Jacob said, "Swear to me first." So he swore to him, and sold his birthright to Jacob. (34) Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage of lentils and he ate and drank, and rose and went his way. Thus Esau despised his birthright. Esau had already legally sold his birthright-the blessing—to Jacob! One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi Jacob escapes from his brother's wrath up to the North Jacob is tricked by Uncle Laban in which bride he gets on his wedding night. Finally, Jacob marries the woman he wants named Rachel - and returns and reconciles with Esau One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi Joseph Up to the time they returned to Israel, Rachel had been barren, unable to bear children. In Israel, Rachel gives birth to Joseph. One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi The "coat of many colors" Jacob gives Joseph a coat, which shows his favouritism towards this first-born son of Rachel, the wife he truly wanted, it's a mantle of the father's authority Joseph's older brothers scheme to kill him, but instead sell him as a slave. Joseph ends up the slave of Potiphar - one of the most powerful men in Egypt - and he impresses Potiphar Unfortunately, Potiphar's wife accuses Joseph of rape. Joseph is thrown in prison - but is released when he interprets the Pharaoh's dream. One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi Joseph-powerful in Egypt Joseph is made prime minister, and he stores up grain in preparation for famine His ten half-brothers come to Egypt to get food from the prime minister and don't recognize him. Eventually, Joseph gets his entire family down to Egypt - and the pharaoh gives them Goshen, the best real estate Joseph gets more land by trading food for land throughout the famine! One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi The Book of EXODUS Word of God Exodus Chapter 1 (6) Then Joseph died, and all his brothers, and all that generation. (7) But the descendants of Israel were fruitful and increased greatly; they multiplied and grew exceedingly strong; so that the land was filled with them. (8) Now there arose a new king over Egypt, who did not know Joseph. (8) "Know" is a covenant term -- "Yadah" in Hebrew, meaning he refuses family relations with the Jews One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi (9) And he said to his people, "Behold, the people of Israel are too many and too mighty for us. (10) Come, let us deal shrewdly with them, lest they multiply, and, if war befall us, they join our enemies and fight against us and escape from the land." (15) Then the king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives, one of whom was named Shiphrah and the other Puah, One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi (16) "When you serve as midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them upon the birth-stool, if it is a son, you shall kill him; but if it is a daughter, she shall live." (17) But the midwives feared God, and did not do as the king of Egypt commanded them, but let the male children live. (16) Why kill the male children - why not the females, too?* Because the Hebrew women will marry Egyptians - and then the land will pass back to the Egyptians (17) Hebrew midwives don't cooperate and Moses is successfully hidden One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi Covenant with Moses Moses has to escape Egypt after killing an Egyptian taskmaster He settles down to be a shepherd, marrying Zipporah, a Midianite woman (Midianites are relatives of Abraham) One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi The Burning Bush God narrows down the family line: Word of God Exodus Chapter 3 (1) Now Moses was keeping the flock of his father-in-law, Jethro, the priest of Midian; and he led his flock to the west side of the wilderness, and came to Horeb, the mountain of God. (2) And the angel of the LORD appeared to him in a flame of fire out of the midst of a bush; and he looked, and lo, the bush was burning, yet it was not consumed. (3) And Moses said, "I will turn aside and see this great sight, why the bush is not burnt." (4) When the LORD saw that he turned aside to see, God called to him out of the bush, "Moses, Moses!" And he said, "Here am I." (5) Then he said, "Do not come near; put off your shoes from your feet, for the place on which you are standing is holy ground." One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi (6) And he said, "I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob." (12) He said, "But I will be with you; and this shall be the sign for you, that I have sent you: when you have brought forth the people out of Egypt, you shall serve God upon this mountain." (13) Then Moses said to God, "If I come to the people of Israel and say to them, "The God of your fathers has sent me to you,' and they ask me, "What is his name? What shall I say to them?" (14) God said to Moses, "I AM WHO I AM." And he said, "Say this to the people of Israel, "I AM has sent me to you.'" One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi (18) And they will hearken to your voice; and you and the elders of Israel shall go to the king of Egypt and say to him, "The LORD, the God of the Hebrews, has met with us; and now, we pray you, let us go a three days' journey into the wilderness, that we may sacrifice to the LORD our God.' (19) I know that the king of Egypt will not let you go unless compelled by a mighty hand. (20) So I will stretch out my hand and smite Egypt with all the wonders which I will do in it; after that he will let you go. (18) Initial request is: A three day journey into the wilderness. NOT to be freed from slavery! One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi Exodus 4: (2) The LORD said to him, "What is that in your hand?" He said, "A rod." (3) And he said, "Cast it on the ground." So he cast it on the ground, and it became a serpent; and Moses fled from it. (3) The rod or staff is a symbol of authority The serpent is a symbol of evil. (4) But the LORD said to Moses, "Put out your hand, and take it by the tail" — so he put out his hand and caught it, and it became a rod in his hand — (4) This shows that Moses has dominion over evil . One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi (5) "that they may believe that the LORD, the God of their fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has appeared to you." (6) Again, the LORD said to him, "Put your hand into your bosom." And he put his hand into his bosom; and when he took it out, behold, his hand was leprous, as white as snow. (7) Then God said, "Put your hand back into your bosom." So he put his hand back into his bosom; and when he took it out, behold, it was restored like the rest of his flesh. (5-7) Sin is constantly being compared to leprosy; when the Israelites come out of Egypt, they will no longer be in sin, but will be the children of God One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi (8) "If they will not believe you," God said, "or heed the first sign, they may believe the latter sign. (10) But Moses said to the LORD, "Oh, my Lord, I am not eloquent, either heretofore or since thou hast spoken to thy servant; but I am slow of speech and of tongue." (11) Then the LORD said to him, "Who has made man's mouth? Who makes him dumb, or deaf, or seeing, or blind? Is it not I, the LORD? (12) Now therefore go, and I will be with your mouth and teach you what you shall speak." (13) But he said, "Oh, my Lord, send, I pray, some other person." (14) Then the anger of the LORD was kindled against Moses and One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi he said, "Is there not Aaron, your brother, the Levite? I know that he can speak well; and behold, he is coming out to meet you, and when he sees you he will be glad in his heart. (15) And you shall speak to him and put the words in his mouth; and I will be with your mouth and with his mouth, and will teach you what you shall do. (16) He shall speak for you to the people; and he shall be a mouth for you, and you shall be to him as God. (22) And you shall say to Pharaoh, Thus says the LORD, Israel is my first-born son 23) and I say to you, "Let my son go that he is to be a role-model, a priest like the first-may serve me"; if you refuse to let him go, born behold, I will slay your firstborn son. (22) This means that other nations are like God's younger children – Israel is to be a role-model, a priest like the firstborn One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi Exodus 4:24: God tries to kill Moses - why? 4:24 At a lodging place on the way the LORD met him and sought to kill him. Because Moses is a covenant breaker The Midianites and Arab Muslims today practice circumcision - but at puberty (13 years), not when God specified for the Jews: at 8 days Moses' son had not been circumcised, so Zipporah did it quickly One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi Exodus 7: What is the meaning behind the plagues? God is slaying the gods of Egypt. The people in Goshen (the Israelites) are completely protected from all the plagues One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi Exodus 8:25: Pharaoh offers to let Israel go to sacrifice 8:25 Then Pharaoh called Moses and Aaron, and said, "Go, sacrifice to your God within the land." Why is this unacceptable? Because they have to sacrifice three animals (cattle, goats and sheep), all three of which were were revered and worshipped as divinities in the Egyptian religion. God wants Israel to make a clear break with Egyptian idolatry, like a drunk must make a break with drinking by smashing a bottle of booze One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi The tenth plague: the death of the political gods of Egypt Pharaoh was considered to be divine and his first-born son was divinized in a ceremony The first-born represented, in a sense, the political gods of Egypt Therefore, the death of the first-born created a power vacuum. Moses gives instruction for the Passover to protect the Israelite When the Israelites leave, the Egyptians are pressured into giving up all the gold and silver in exchange of the years of slavery. One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi Exodus 19:4-6 A nation of priests Word of God Exodus 19 (4) You have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I bore you on eagles' wings and brought you to myself. 5) Now therefore, if you will obey my voice and keep my covenant, you shall be my own possession among all peoples; for all the earth is mine, (6) and you shall be to me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation. To prepare themselves, God asks that they abstain from sex for 3 days. But, they didn't do this, so they send Moses up the mountain alone. One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi Exodus 24: Moses and the elders "eat and drink with God" Every family was to be a church and every father a priest - if only they would trust and obey and forsake the gods of Egypt Exodus 32 tells us that they did not forsake these gods While Moses is on the mountain, Aaron has them make a golden calf. The Apis cult in Egypt worshipped a calf! Afterward, they got up to indulge in revelry, which is a Hebrew cliche for a sexual orgy, just like the Egyptians after worshipping Apis This was an utter renunciation of true religion and faith in God Moses mediates with God so the people are not destroyed One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi Word of God Exodus 32: (19) And as soon as he came near the camp and saw the calf and the dancing, Moses' anger burned hot, and he threw the tables out of his hands and broke them at the foot of the mountain. (20) And he took the calf which they had made, and burnt it with fire, and ground it to powder, and scattered it upon the water, and made the people of Israel drink it…(26) then Moses stood in the gate of the camp, and said, "Who is on the LORD'S side? (26) The first-born sons - who would not be alive if not for the Passover - are silent One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi Come to me." And all the sons of Levi gathered themselves together to him. (27) And he said to them, "Thus says the LORD God of Israel, 'Put every man his sword on his side, and go to and fro from gate to gate throughout the camp, and slay every man his brother, and every man his companion, and every man his neighbor.'" (28) And the sons of Levi did according to the word of Moses; and there fell of the people that day about three thousand men. (29) And Moses said, "Today you have ordained yourselves for the service of the LORD, each one at the cost of his son and of his brother, that he may bestow a blessing upon you this day." (29) All twelve tribes were systematically and instantly defrocked and laicized, dispensed from the priesthood One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi Before the Golden Calf: All the animal sacrifices and all of the dietary regulations seem not to have been required. After the Golden Calf: Every day they have to be sacrificing sheep, cattle, and goats because they had to continually renounce the gods of Egypt One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi Two laws now exist for Israel: Leviticus - which is the priestly code which requires all kinds of purification and strict morality. Deuteronomy - which is given to the twelve tribes. God allows the 12 tribes, but not the Levites, to divorce. Deuteronomy contains all kinds of concessions and compromises The original purpose of God was delayed until New Testament times when the priesthood of all believers was again proclaimed (see 1 Peter 2:9, Rev 1:6, and Rev 5:10) Catholics believe in the priesthood of all believers through Baptism. One Holy Nation: Moses, Aaron, Levi Jesus as the New Moses Jesus' life follows the pattern we see for Moses and Israel: Moses & Israel Jesus Moses—Almost killed at birth Herod almost killed at birth Israel-enslaved in Egypt Escapes to Egypt Israel-God's first-born son God's first-born Son Israel-brought through Red Sea Baptized in Jordan Israel-40 years in the desert;Moses-40 days fasting on Mt Sinai Fasted 40 days in the wilderness Moses-took 12 chiefs for 12 tribes & 70 Elders Took 12 apostles to rule the 12 tribes & 70 other disciples (Luke 10) Passover lamb must be eaten His body must be eaten One Holy Kingdom: David and Solomon In this chapter you'll learn: 1. The Biblical foundations for the Catholic Doctrine of the Kingdom of Christ 2. How and why the Kingdom of Israel arose and the three prohibitions Solomon violated to cause its downfall 3. The key components of the Davidic Covenant and how they apply today as God fathers his family through covenants One Holy Kingdom: David and Solomon One Holy Kingdom: David and Solomon One Holy Kingdom: David and Solomon One Holy Kingdom: David and Solomon One Holy Kingdom: David and Solomon One Holy Kingdom: David and Solomon One Holy Kingdom: David and Solomon One Holy Kingdom: David and Solomon One Holy Kingdom: David and Solomon One Holy Kingdom: David and Solomon One Holy Kingdom: David and Solomon One Holy Kingdom: David and Solomon One Holy Kingdom: David and Solomon One Holy Kingdom: David and Solomon One Holy Kingdom: David and Solomon One Holy Kingdom: David and Solomon One Holy Kingdom: David and Solomon One Holy Church: Jesus and the Apostles