STORAGE
MANAGEMENT
Introduction to Information Storage
and Management
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LECTURE 1
Introduction to Information Storage
and Management
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Intorduction to information
storage technology:
Review data creation and the
amount of data being created
and understand the value of
data to a business
Upon completion of this lecture, you will be
able to:
 Describe the importance of information to
individuals and to businesses
 Define data and information
 Discuss the categories of data
 Describe the storage architectures and their
evolution
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and Management
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
“Digital universe – The Information Explosion”
◦ 21st Century is information era
◦ Information is being created at ever increasing rate
◦ Information has become critical for success

We live in an on-command, on-demand world
◦ Example: Social networking sites, e-mails, video and
photo sharing website, online shopping, search
engines etc

Information management is a big challenge
◦ Organization seek to Store
Protect
Leverage the information optimally
Introduction to Information Storage
and Management
Optimize
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“Collection of raw facts from which conclusions may be drawn”

Most data is being
converted into a digital
format
◦ Driven by user demand
◦ Facilitated by
 Increase in data processing
capabilities

Photo
Book
New and cheaper peripherals
 Lower cost and increased speed of
storage
 Affordable and faster networks

Video
Letter
01010101010
10101011010
00010101011
01010101010
10101010101
01010101010
Digital Data
Who creates data?
◦ Individuals
◦ Businesses
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
Data can be categorized as either structured or unstructured
data
◦ Structured:
 Data Bases
 Spread Sheets
E-Mail Attachments
◦ Unstructured




Forms
Images
Audio
Movies
X-Rays
Manuals
Images
Over 80% of enterprise
Information is unstructured

Check
Forms
Contracts
PDFs
Unstructured (80%)
Instant Messages
Documents
Web Pages
Rich Media
Invoices
Audio Video
Structured (20%)
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Rows and Columns
and Management
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
What do individuals/businesses
do with the data they collect?
◦ They turn it into “information”
◦ “Information is the intelligence
and knowledge derived from
data”

Businesses analyze raw data in
order to identify meaningful
trends
◦ For example:
 Buying habits and patterns of
customers
 Health history of patients

Virtuous cycle of information
◦ Information begets information
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Centralized information
storage and processing
Network
Wired
Network
Wireless
Wireless
Wired
Accessing
Uploading
information
information
Creators of
Users of
information
Information
Demand for more
Information
Virtuous cycle of information
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
Creating a competitive advantage
◦ Identifying new business opportunities
 Buying/spending patterns
 Internet stores, retail stores, supermarkets
 Customer satisfaction/service
 Tracking shipments, and deliveries
◦ Identifying patterns that lead to changes in existing business
 Reduced cost
 Just-in-time inventory, eliminating over-stocking of products, optimizing shipment
and delivery
 New services
 Security alerts for “stolen” credit card purchases
 Targeted marketing campaigns
 Communicate to bank customers with high account balances about a special savings
plan
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



Data created by individuals/businesses must be stored for further
processing
Type of storage used is based on the type of data and the rate at
which it is created and used
Examples:
◦ Individuals: Digital camera, Cell phone, DVD’s, Hard disk
◦ Businesses: Hard disk, external disk arrays, tape library
Storage model: An evolution
◦ Centralized: mainframe computers
◦ Decentralized: Client – server model (Data spread across many
servers)
◦ Centralized: Storage Networking (Hugh respositories)
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LAN
FC SAN
Multi Protocol
Router
IP SAN
RAID Array
SAN / NAS
JBOD
Internal DAS
Time
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Key points covered in this lesson:
 Importance of information
 Data, information and storage
 Categories of data
 Storage architectures and their evolution
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 Challenges
in Data
Storage and Management
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and Management
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Upon completion of this lecture, you will be able
to:
 List the five core elements of a data center
infrastructure
 Describe the requirements of storage systems
for optimally supporting business activities
 Explain the importance of Information Lifecycle
Management
 List the activities in developing the ILM strategy
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




Applications
Databases – Database Management System
(DBMS) and the physical and logical storage
of data
Servers/Operating systems
Networks (LAN and SAN)
Storage arrays
Data Center Infrastructure
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Server
Storage Area
Network
Client
Storage
Array
Local Area
Network
Application
User
Interface
OS and
DBMS
Database
Consider an order processing system consisting of:
 Application for order entry
 Database Management System (DBMS) to store customer and product
information
 Server/Operating System (OS) on which the application and database
programs are run
 Networks that provide
◦ Connectivity between Clients and the Application/Database Server (LAN)
◦ Connectivity between the Server and the Storage system (SAN)

Storage Array – database is stored on physical disks in the storage array
Data Center Infrastructure
Server
Client
Storage Area
Network
Storage
Array
Local Area
Network
Application
User
Interface

OS and
DBMS
Database
A customer order is entered via the Application User Interface on
a client
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Storage
Array
Server
Client
Storage Area
Network
Local Area
Network
OS and
DBMS


Database
A customer order is entered via the Application User Interface on
a client
The client accesses the server over a Local Area Network
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Storage
Array
Server
Client
Storage Area
Network
Local Area
Network
O/S and
DBMS

Database
A DBMS uses the operating system on the server to read and
write this data to the physical location on a disk
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Storage
Array
Server
Client
Storage Area
Network
Local Area
Network
O/S and
DBMS


Database
A DBMS uses the operating system on the server to read and
write this data to the physical location on disk
A dedicated Storage Area Network provides the communication
link between the server and the storage array, and transports the
read/write commands and data between the server and the
storage array
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Storage
Array
Server
Client
Storage Area
Network
Local Area
Network
Database



A DBMS uses the operating system on the server to read and
write this data to the physical location on disk
A Network provides the communication link between the client
and the server, and transports the read/write commands and
data between the server and the storage array
A storage array receives the read/write commands and data from
the server and performs the necessary operations to store the
data on the physical disks
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




The application should be optimized for fast
interaction with the DBMS
The tables in the database should be constructed
with care so the number of read/write operations
can be minimized
The server should have sufficient CPU and
memory resources to satisfy application and
DBMS needs
The different networks should provide fast
communication between client and server, as well
as server and storage array
The storage array should service the read/write
requests from the server for optimal performance
Data Center Infrastructure
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When the DBMS receives a request from the
application:
 It first searches the server memory; if data is
found there, the operation takes about a
millisecond
 If not, it uses the operating system to request the
data from the storage array
 Dedicated high speed networks transport this
request to the storage array
 Intelligent storage arrays can deliver the
requested data within a few milliseconds, and are
typically configured to protect data in the event
of drive failures
Data Center Infrastructure
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Availability
Security
Data Integrity
Manageability
Capacity
Performance
Scalability
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
Exploding digital universe
◦ Multifold increase of information growth

Increasing dependency on information
◦ The strategic use of information plays

Changing value of information
◦ Information that is valuable today may become less
important tomorrow.
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Constraints include:
 Cost
 Physical environment
 Maintenance and support
 Compliance – regulatory and legal
 Hardware and software infrastructure
 Interoperability and compatibility
Data Center Infrastructure
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Data Center management activities include:
 Provisioning/Capacity/Resource Planning
 Monitoring
 Reporting
Data Center Infrastructure
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

Data Storage Infrastructure
Information Lifecycle
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Protect
New
order
Process
order
Deliver
order
Warranty
claim
Time
Value
Fulfilled
order
Create
Access
Aged
data
Migrate
Warranty
Voided
Archive
Dispose
A proactive strategy that enables an IT organization
to effectively manage the data throughout its lifecycle
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Policy-based Alignment of Storage Infrastructure with Data Value
AUTOMATED
Classify
data /
applications
based on
business rules
Implement
policies with
information
management
tools
Integrated
management
of storage
environment
Organize
storage
resources to
align with data
classes
FLEXIBLE
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
Improved utilization
◦ Tiered storage platforms

Simplified management
◦ Processes, tools and automation

Simplified backup and recovery
◦ A wider range of options to balance the need for business
continuity

Maintaining compliance
◦ Knowledge of what data needs to be protected for what length
of time

Lower Total Cost of Ownership
◦ By aligning the infrastructure and management costs with
information value
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Key points covered in this lesson:
 The five core elements of a Data Center
infrastructure
 Key requirements of storage systems to support
business activities, as well as some of the
constraints
 ILM strategy
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Importance
Characteristics
Activities in developing ILM strategy
IML implementation
Benefits of ILM
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Key points covered in this Chapter:
 Importance of data, information, and storage
infrastructure
 Types of data, its value, and key management
requirements of a storage system
 Evolution of storage architectures
 Core elements of a data center
 Importance of the ILM strategy
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