SIMPLE: Stable Increased
Throughput Multi-hop Link Efficient
Protocol For WBANs
Qaisar Nadeem
Department of Electrical Engineering
Comsats Institute of Information Technology
Islamabad
Sep 07, 2013
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 Introduction
 Motivation
 Mathematical Formulation of the Problem
 Node deployment
 SIMPLE: Stable Increased Throughput Multi-hop Link
Efficient Protocol For WBANs
 Initial phase
 Selection of forwarder
 Scheduling
 Radio Parameters
 Simulation Results
 Path Loss Model
 Conclusion
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
WBAN is sub-field of WSNs

The primary target applications of WBANs are medical health-care services

WBANs offer early detection/treatment of diseases, thereby reducing health-care costs

WBANs capture accurate and quantitative data from a variety of sensors (e.g., temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, etc.)

Sensors are placed on the human body or in the body
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Motivation

Nodes in WBANs are required to operate under strict resource Constraints

Impossible to replace batteries

Frequent recharging procedure is one of the main obstacles in WBANs

Porting routing solutions from WSNs to WBANs is problematic due to the different network architectures and operating conditions

Efficient routing solutions should be designed specifically for WBANs
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
Let N is the set of nodes, f is the forwarder node and sink S

C is the capacity of the wireless link

The data generated by sensors is denoted by d is
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Problem Formulation: Minimum
Energy Consumption
 Objective Function
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Problem Formulation: Minimum
Energy Consumption
 Subject to:
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Problem Formulation: Throughput
Maximization

Let E i is the total available energy

E min is minimum residual energy below which nodes stop transmitting

Z i is a 0-1 integer

The wireless channel capacity is represented by C
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Problem Formulation: Throughput
Maximization
 Objective Function
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Problem Formulation: Throughput
Maximization
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SIMPLE: Stable Increased Throughput Multi-hop
Link Efficient Protocol For Wireless Body Area
Networks (WBANs)
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SIMPLE: Stable Increased Throughput
Multi-hop Link Efficient Protocol For
WBAN
 Initial Phase
 Selection of Forwarder Node
 Scheduling
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Initial Phase

Sink broadcasts its location through short information packet

Sensor nodes store the location of sink

Each sensor transmits short information packet to sink which contains node ID, its residual energy and location

Sink broadcasts information to all sensors
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Selection of Forwarder Node

Minimum cost function value is used to select optimal data forwarder

A node with high residual energy and less distance to sink has minimum cost function
Cost Function (i) = distance (i) /Residual Energy (i) (5)

Cost function value ensures new forwarder in each round
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Scheduling

Forwarder node assigns TDMA schedule to its children node

Children nodes transmit their data in allocated time slot

TDMA scheduling saves energy of sensor nodes.
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Energy Parameters
 Two commercially available transceivers [3]
Energy equation
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iM-SIMPLE: Improved Stable
Increased Throughput Multi-hop Link
Efficient Protocol For WBAN
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Network lifetime
 Increase in stability period due to appropriate selection of forwarder node in each round

Balanced energy consumption among all nodes in stable region

Chain formation in M-ATTEMPT causes nodes to deplete more energy
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Residual Energy
 Nodes utilize less energy in stability period

Nodes consume energy faster in unstable region
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
Throughput is the number of packets received successfully at sink

More alive nodes contribute towards higher network throughput
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
Multi-hop topology minimizes the Path loss

Direct distant communication causes maximum path loss
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 Path Loss is the difference between transmitted power and received power
Where,
PL = Path loss d = Distance between transmitter and receiver do = Reference distance n = Path loss coefficient
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 Stable and high throughput routing protocol for
WBANs
 A node with minimum cost function is selected as forwarder
 Cost function is based on residual energy of nodes and its distance from sink
 Node with high residual energy and less distance to sink has minimum value of cost function
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Questions
Thank you!
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1: J. Elias and A. Mehaoua, “Energy-aware topology design for wireless body area networks,” in Communications (ICC), 2012
IEEE International Conference on, pp. 34093410, IEEE, 2012
2: N. Ababneh, N. Timmons, and J. Morrison, “Cross-layer optimization protocol for guaranteed data streaming over wireless body area networks,” in Wireless Communications and
Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), 2012 8th
International, pp. 118123, IEEE, 2012.
3: Reusens, Elisabeth, et al. ”Characterization of on-body communication channel and energy efficient topology design for wireless body area networks.” Information Technology in
Biomedicine, IEEE Transactions on 13.6 (2009): 933-945.
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