Acids and Bases
Chapter 24
Acids…
• Definition: When an acid dissolves in
water, H+ ions (charger particles) are
formed
H+
Acids…
• H+ ions join with H2O to form
hydronium compounds
• H3O+
Acids…
• Properties of Acids:
• 1) tastes sour
QuickT ime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see t his picture.
Acids…
• Properties of Acids:
• 2) Corrosive- can eat away at metals
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Acids…
• Properties of Acids:
• 3) Can make special compounds called
INDICATORS change color.
• Litmus paper turns RED
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Acids…
• Properties of Acids:
• 4) Can burn skin
Acids…
•
•
•
•
•
•
Examples:
Citric acid in fruit
Lactic acid in milk
Acetic Acid in Vinegar
Stomach Acid
Battery acid….
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Acids…
• Dissociating (Breaking Up) in Water:
• HCl + H2O

H3O+ + Cl-
Acids…
• Strength
• Strong acids are substances that completely
dissociates in water to form as many H+ ions
as possible
BASES…
• Definition:
• Forms OH- (hydroxide) in water and accepts H+ ions
to make water
–OH-
BASES…
• Properties of Bases:
• 1) tastes bitter
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
BASES…
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• Properties of Bases:
• 2) NOT corrosive
• 3) Also reacts with indicators, LITMUS paper turns
BLUE
BASES…
• Properties of Bases:
• 4) Can burn skin
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
BASES…
• Properties of Bases:
• 5) Feels slippery
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
BASES…
• Examples:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bleach, ammonia
Borax
Eggs
Salt Water
Some medicines like milk of magnesia
Some other soaps
BASES…
• Dissociating (Breaking Up) in Water:
• NaOH + H2O

Na+ (aq) + OH-(aq)
• Aq = in water (Aqueous)
BASES…
• Strength:
• Completely dissociates in OH- ions
Fit these Examples
into the Acid/Base categories
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tomatoes
HNO3
Magnesium oxide Mg(OH)2
Oranges
HCl
Car battery
NaOH
Antacid
Bleach
Ammonia (NH3)
Italian Salad Dressing