JOM KIMIA A1
L
O
A
D
PART 3
I
N
G
PART 3
WHAT YOU MUST
KNOW ABOUT
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 3
SKOR A1 : THE SCORE
To Score Paper 3 is To Tackle Paper 3
KAMAL ARIFFIN BIN SAAIM
SMK DATO’ BENTARA LUAR BATU PAHAT
e-mel : kamal_ariffin2006@yahoo.com
website: http://kemhawk.webs.com/
2
Past SPM Question Scoring
YEAR: 2005
PART 3
YEAR: 2006
No. 1
No. 2
YEAR: 2004
YEAR: 2007
No. 1
No. 2
YEAR: 2003
YEAR: 2008
No. 1
No. 2
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
3
Past SPM Question Scoring
PART 3
Scoring SPM Paper 3 2006
Question No. 1
Question No. 2
[Click button to see the question]
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
4
PART 3
SPM 2006 Question no. 1
Tips to write a good report:
1(a): Dapat mencatat suhu awal, suhu tertinggi dan
perubahan suhu dengan tepat.
Contoh jawapan:
Initial temperature
28 oC
Highest temperature
40 oC
Change in temperature
12 oC
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
5
PART 3
SPM 2006 Question no. 1
Tips to write a good report:
1(b): Dapat membina jadual yang mengandungi tiga
perkara berikut untuk kedua-dua eksperimen.
Contoh jawapan:
Eksperimen Suhu awal
I
II
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
28
T1
Suhu tertinggi Perubahan suhu
40
T2
T2
T3
6
PART 3
SPM 2006 Question no. 1
Tips to write a good report:
1(c): Dapat memberikan hipotesis dengan tepat.
Contoh jawapan:
Asid hidroklorik / kuat menghasilkan (haba
peneutralan) / (perubahan / kenaikan suhu)
yang lebih tinggi / rendah daripada asid
etanoik / lemah
Skor 3
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
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PART 3
SPM 2006 Question no. 1
Tips to write a good report:
1(c): Dapat memberikan hipotesis dengan kurang tepat.
Contoh jawapan:
Haba peneutralan asid hidroklorik dengan
natrium hidroksida adalah lebih tinggi
Daripada haba peneutralan asid etanoik
dengan natrium hidroksida
Skor 2
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
8
PART 3
SPM 2006 Question no. 1
Tips to write a good report:
1(c): Dapat memberikan idea hipotesis dengan betul.
Contoh jawapan:
Kenaikan suhu mempengaruhi nilai haba
peneutralan.
Skor 1
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
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SPM 2006 Question no. 1
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
1(d): Dapat meramal suhu dengan betul dalam julat
[
12 <
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
Ө
≤
15 ]
oC
10
SPM 2006 Question no. 1
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
1(e): Dapat menyatakan kegunaan langsung dengan
tepat mengapa suhu awal dan suhu tertinggi
perlu direkodkan.
Contoh jawapan:
Untuk mendapatkan perubahan / kenaikan /
perbezaan suhu.
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
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SPM 2006 Question no. 1
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
1(f): Dapat memberikan kaedah memperoleh
perubahan dengan betul
Contoh jawapan:
Suhu tertinggi – suhu awal //
Suhu akhir – suhu awal
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
12
SPM 2006 Question no. 1
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
1(g): Dapat menyatakan mana-mana 2 pemerhatian
dengan betul
Contoh jawapan:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cawan polistirena menjadi panas
Bacaan termometer meningkat
Tiada perubahan warna larutan
Bau asid etanoik hilang
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
13
SPM 2006 Question no. 1
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
1(h): Dapat memberikan mana-mana 3 pembolehubah
yang dimalarkan dengan tepat daripada senarai
berikut
Contoh jawapan:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Kepekatan (bahan tindak balas)
Isipadu (bahan tindak balas)
Bekas // cawan polistriena // cawan
Suhu persekitaran
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
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SPM 2006 Question no. 1
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
1(i)(i): Dapat memberikan definisi secara operasi
dengan tepat
Contoh jawapan:
1. Haba dibebaskan apabila 1 mol ion H+
bertindak balas dengan 1 mol ion OH- untuk
menghasilkan 1 mol air
2. Haba dibebaskan apabila 1 mol air dihasilkan
3. Haba yang dibebaskan per bilangan
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
15
SPM 2006 Question no. 1
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
1(i)(ii): Dapat menyatakan sebab yang tepat mengapa
nilai y lebih tinggi daripada nilai x
Contoh jawapan:
1. Perubahan suhu eksp. II / Y lebih tinggi
2. Eksp. II menggunakan asid kuat, asid etanoik
adalah asid lemah
3. HCl / asid hidroklorik adalah asid kuat,
adalah asid lemah
4. Perubahan suhu eksp. II lebih tinggi
berbanding eksp I
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
16
SPM 2006 Question no. 1
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
1(j): Dapat membuat pengelasan ketiga-tiga asid
dengan tepat
Contoh jawapan:
Nama Asid
Jenis asid
Asid etanoik
Lemah
Asid hidroklorik
Kuat
Asid metanoik
Lemah
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
17
SPM 2006 Question no. 2
Stretching
phases
Length of vulcanised
rubber
Length of
unvulcanised rubber
45 mm
45 mm
59 mm
60 mm
45 mm
50 mm
Before
During
After
Plan an experiment to compare one characteristic
shown in Diagram 2 for both types of rubber.
18
SPM 2006 Question no. 2
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
2(a). Tujuan : Dapat memberikan tujuan
eksperimen dengan tepat
i. Membandingkan/membezakan/mengkaji/
menentukan kekenyalan getah tervulkan
dengan getah tak tervulkan
ii. Menentukan sama ada getah tervulkan lebih
kenyal daripada getah tak tervulkan
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
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SPM 2006 Question no. 2
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
2(b). Pembolehubah / variable : Dapat menyatakan
ketiga-tiga pembolehubah dengan betul
Pemb. dimanipulasikan: Getah tervulkan dan
getah tak tervulkan // jenis getah
Pemb. bergerak balas: Perubahan panjang jalur
getah // pemanjangan getah // kekenyalan getah
Pemb. Dimalarkan: Panjang / saiz jalur getah //
pemberat // beban
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
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SPM 2006 Question no. 2
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
2(c). Hipotesis: Dapat menyatakan
ketiga-tiga pembolehubah dengan betul
Pemb. dimanipulasikan: Getah tervulkan dan
getah tak tervulkan // jenis getah
Pemb. bergerak balas: Perubahan panjang jalur
getah // pemanjangan getah // kekenyalan getah
Pemb. Dimalarkan: Panjang / saiz jalur getah //
pemberat // beban
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
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SPM 2006 Question no. 2
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
2(c). Hipotesis: Dapat menyatakan
ketiga-tiga pembolehubah dengan betul
Pemb. dimanipulasikan: Getah tervulkan dan
getah tak tervulkan // jenis getah
Pemb. bergerak balas: Perubahan panjang jalur
getah // pemanjangan getah // kekenyalan getah
Pemb. Dimalarkan: Panjang / saiz jalur getah //
pemberat // beban
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
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SPM 2006 Question no. 2
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
2(d). Bahan dan radas: Dapat menyatakan
bahan dan radas yang lengkap
Getah tervulkan, getah tak tervulkan
Klip
Pemberat (10 – 100)g
Kaki retort,
Pembaris jalur
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
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SPM 2006 Question no. 2
Tips to write a good report:
PART 3
2(e). Prosedur eksperimen:
1. Gantung jalur getah *tervulkan/(tak tervulkan)
2. Ukur panjang asal // ambil bacaan
3. Gantungkan pemberat
4. Ukur panjang getah
5. Tanggalkan pemberat voltmeter reading.
6. Ukur panjang getah
7. Ulang eksperimen menggunakan getah tak
tervulkan
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
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PART 3
SPM 2006 Question no. 2
Tips to write a good report:
2(e). Penjadualan data:
Manipulated
Variable
Jenis getah
Responding Variable
Panjang
asal /cm
Panjang semasa
pemberat
digantung /cm
Panjang setelah
pemberat
ditanggalkan /cm
Getah
tervulkan
Getah tak
tervulkan
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
25
Past SPM Question Scoring
PART 3
Scoring SPM Paper 3 2007
Question No. 1
Question No. 2
[Click button to see the question]
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
26
PART 3
SPM 2007 Question no. 1
Tips to write a good report:
1(a)(i) : Able to read all reading accurately to one
decimal point with unit.
Sample answer:
Experiment 1
28.0 oC
36.0 oC
Experiment II
29.0 oC
25.0 oC
Experiment III
27.0 oC
32.0 oC
Experiment IV
30.0 oC
27.0 oC
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
27
SPM 2007 Question no. 1
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
1(a)(ii) : Able to construct a table that contains the
following information.
Sample answer;
1. Heading in the table:
Experiment, Initial temperature,
Highest/Lowest temperature
2. Transfer all temperature reading from
(a)(i) correctly
3. With unit at heading
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
28
PART 3
SPM 2007 Question no. 1
Tips to write a good report:
Sample answer:
I/1
Initial
temperature
/oC
28.0
Highest / Lowest
temperature
/o C
36.0
II / 2
29.0
25.0
III / 3
27.0
32.0
IV / 4
30.0
27.0
Experiment
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
29
PART 3
SPM 2007 Question no. 1
Tips to write a good report:
1(a)(iii) : Able to make correct classification for the
four experiments.
Sample answer:
Exothermic reaction
Endothermic reaction
I
III
II
IV
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
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SPM 2007 Question no. 1
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
1(b)(i) : Able to give any three things correctly that
must be kept constant.
Sample answer:
1. volume of water
2. polystyrene cups
3. thermometers
4. mass of sodium hydroxide
5. reject: amount, quantity
6. size of cups
7. sodium hydroxide and water
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
31
SPM 2007 Question no. 1
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
1(b)(ii) :Able to state the hypothesis accurately
Sample answer:
1. The reaction between sodium hydroxide and
water is an exothermic / endothermic reaction.
2. The reaction between NaOH and water results
in increase/decrease in temperature.
3. When NaOH dissolves/added in water, it
increases/decreases in temperature/released
heat/absorbed heat
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
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SPM 2007 Question no. 1
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
1(c)(i) :Able to state;
Dropped/decreased 4 oC // - 4 oC // 29 – 25 oC
Able to state two correct reasons;
Sample answer:
1. Heat/energy is absorbed // Endothermic reaction
2. The energy in product is more than the energy in
reactants
3. The heat/energy absorbed during bond breaking
is greater than the heat/energy released during
the bond making.
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
33
SPM 2007 Question no. 1
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
1(c)(ii) : Able to give the operational definition accurately
by stating the following three information.
- The temperature decreases // The
temperature goes down/dropped
- Endothermic reaction
- Heat/energy absorbed
Sample answer:
The decrease in temperature shows that
endothermic reaction happens where
heat/energy is absorbed from the
surroundings
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
34
SPM 2007 Question no. 1
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
1(d) : Able to predict the three temperature readings
correctly.
Sample answer:
1. Sulphuric acid
2. Nitric acid
3. Ethanoic acid
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
37 oC
32 oC
28 – 31 oC
35
SPM 2007 Question no. 1
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
1(e)(i) : Able to state three correct observations.
Sample answer:
1. Final temperature is lower than the initial
temperature. // The temperature
decreases // Level of mercury decreases //
thermometer reading decreases.
2. Bubbles are release // effervescence.
3. The volume of the solution is greater/
increases // level of solution increases/
higher.
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
36
SPM 2007 Question no. 1
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
1(e)(ii) : Able to make an accurate inference based on the
chemical equations.
Sample answer:
(Endothermic reaction)/heat/energy is
absorbed) when hydrochloric acid/HCl with
sodium hydrogen carbonate/NaHCO3 to
produce sodium chloride/NaCl, carbon
dioxide/CO2 and water.
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
37
SPM 2007 Question no. 1
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
1(e)(iii) : Able to sketch the graph of the change of the
volume of CO2 gas against time by showing the
following three information;
1. The axes are labeled correctly
2. Correct unit
3. Curve on the graph shows the increase of
volume
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
38
SPM 2007 Question no. 1
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
Sample answer:
Volume of
CO2 / cm3
Time / minute
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
39
SPM 2007 Question no. 2
PART 3
Identify the factor that influences the differences in
the voltage.
Plan a laboratory experiment to construct an
electrochemical cell to determine one factor that
influences the differences in the voltage.
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
40
PART 3
SPM 2007 Question no. 2
Tips to write a good report:
1. Problem statement: Start with ‘Does …..’
Does the position of the two metals in
Electrochemistry Series affect the voltage?
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
41
PART 3
SPM 2007 Question no. 2
Tips to write a good report:
2. Aim: Find “Statement” from the question
To determine one factor that influences
the differences in the voltage
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
42
PART 3
SPM 2007 Question no. 2
Tips to write a good report:
3. Variables : Always given in the question.
Manipulated variable : Pairs of metals
Responding variables: Voltage
Constant variable
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
: Electrolyte /name
43
PART 3
SPM 2007 Question no. 2
Tips to write a good report:
4. Hypothesis : Manipulated + responding +
direction
The further the distance of the pair of metals
in the Electrochemical Series, the voltage
become greater.
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
44
PART 3
SPM 2007 Question no. 2
Tips to write a good report:
5. Materials and apparatus :
List all the materials and apparatus that
involves,
Aluminium, zinc, copper,
beaker, voltmeter, wires, sand paper, the
copper(II) sulphate solution (any suitable),
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
45
PART 3
Tips:
Name at least three metals below than Ca in
ECS
If use K, Na, Ca : score1
If use any acid as electrolyte, the molarities is
less than 1.0 mol dm-3
If use concentrated/bench/molarity greater
than 1.0 moldm-3 : score1
No need to state the volume and the
concentration of the electrolyte. If you do make
sure it suitable/accurate.
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
46
PART 3
SPM 2007 Question no. 2
Tips to write a good report:
6. Procedures: use simple sentences, passive or
active voice, use keywords, sequence
Key word:
pour, dip, connect, record, repeat, stir,
heated, observe, measure, add, put into,
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
47
PART 3
Not Suggested Answers:
6. Procedures: use simple sentences, passive or
active voice, use keywords, sequence
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
48
PART 3
Suggested Answers:
1. Pour the copper sulphate into a beaker.
2. Clean aluminium and copper with sand
paper.
3. Dip aluminium and copper into the solution.
4. Connect it to the voltmeter // complete the
circuit.
5. Record the voltmeter reading.
6. Repeat steps 1-5 / experiment by substituting
aluminium with zinc / one metal for another.
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
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PART 3
SPM 2007 Question no. 2
Tips to write a good report:
7. Tabulation: heading for manipulated and
responding variables,
Responding
Manipulated
units,
Variable
Variable
Pairs of metal
Voltage (V)
Aluminium and copper
HOME
Zinc and copper
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
Max: Score 2
50
Past SPM Question Scoring
PART 3
Scoring SPM Paper 3 2008
Question No. 1
Question No. 2
[Click button to see the question]
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
51
SPM 2008 Question no. 1
PART 3
Tips to write a good report:
1(a) : Able to state the relationship correctly between
the manipulated variable and the responding
variable.
Sample answer:
Acid coagulated latex while alkali does not
coagulate the latex.
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
52
SPM 2008 Question no. 1
PART 4
Tips to write a good report:
1(b) : Able to state the time taken in Set I and Set II
accurately with correct unit.
Sample answer:
Set I : 5 minutes // 300 second // 0.03 hours
Set II: 360 minutes // 21600 seconds // 6 hours
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
53
PART 4
SPM 2008 Question no. 1
Tips to write a good report:
1(c) : Able to construct a table to record the time
taken for Set I and Set III of experiment that
contains:
1. Correct titles
2. Readings and units
Sample answer:
Set
Time taken /minutes
I
5
III
360
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
Or
Set
Time taken
I
5 minutes
III
6 hours
54
SPM 2008 Question no. 1
PART 4
Tips to write a good report:
1(d): Able to state all correct observations, one from
each set.
Sample answer:
Set I : 1.
2.
Set II: 1.
2.
3.
Set III: 1.
2.
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
Latex coagulates
A solid lump is formed
Latex does not coagulate
No change
Liquid
Latex coagulates
Solid lump is formed
55
SPM 2008 Question no. 1
PART 4
Tips to write a good report:
1(e): Able to state the correct operational definition
for coagulation of latex correctly.
Sample answer:
Latex becomes solid when acid is added //
Latex becomes solid when exposed to air
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
56
SPM 2008 Question no. 1
PART 4
Tips to write a good report:
1(f): Able to state all three variables correctly
Sample answer:
Manipulated variable: Ethanoic acid / Acid ,
Ammonia solution / Alkali
Responding Variable: Coagulate/Does not coagulate//
Time taken for coagulation
Constant Variable:
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
Volume of latex/acid/(ammonia
solution)/alkali//latex//
temperature
57
SPM 2008 Question no. 1
PART 4
Tips to write a good report:
1(g)(i) : Able to state the observation correctly
Sample answer:
Latex coagulate //
Latex becomes white //
Latex is solidified
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
58
SPM 2008 Question no. 1
PART 4
Tips to write a good report:
1(g)(ii) : Able to give both explanations correctly
Sample answer:
1. Ammonia is neutralized //
OH- ions reacted with H+ ions
2. Acid / H+ ions neutralized (negative
charged) / (protein membrane)
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
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SPM 2008 Question no. 1
PART 4
Tips to write a good report:
1(h) : Able to explain the following aspects correctly
1. The presence of bacteria
2. Bacteria produce acid
Sample answer:
Bacteria produce acid / H+ ions.
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
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SPM 2008 Question no. 1
PART 4
Tips to write a good report:
1(i)(i) :Able to compare correctly by referring to
(time frame) / concentration of H+ ions
Sample answer:
The concentrations /number/amount/quantity
of H+ ions in Set I is higher // [vice versa]
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
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PART 4
SPM 2008 Question no. 1
Tips to write a good report:
1(i)(ii) :Able to classify all the four substances
correctly
Sample answer:
Can coagulate
latex
Nitric acid
Methanoic acid
Total marks: 33
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
Cannot coagulate
latex
Potassium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide
Home
62
SPM 2008 Question no. 2
PART 3
Statement 1
Lithium, Li, moves slowly at random on the surface of the water
with a little fizzing.
The water then turns red litmus paper to blue
Statement 2
Sodium, Na, moves rapidly at random on the surface of the
water with a ‘hissing’ sound.
The water then turns red litmus paper to blue.
Statement 3
Potassium, K, moves very rapidly at random on the surface of
the water. It ignites with a lilac flame with a ‘pop’ and a ‘hissing’
sound. The water then turns red litmus paper to blue.
Plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the
reactivity of lithium, sodium and potassium with
water.
63
PART 3
SPM 2008 Question no. 2
Tips to write a good report:
a. Aim: Find from the question
Plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the
reactivity of lithium, sodium and potassium with
water.
Sample answer:
To investigate the reactivity of Group 1
elements/lithium, sodium and potassium with
water
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
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PART 3
SPM 2008 Question no. 2
Tips to write a good report:
b. Variables : Always given in the question.
Plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the
reactivity of lithium, sodium and potassium with water.
Sample answer:
Manipulated Variable: Elements of Group 1
Responding Variable : Reactivity
Constant Variable
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
: Temperature /
size of alkali metal
65
PART 3
SPM 2008 Question no. 2
Tips to write a good report:
c. Hypothesis: Relationship between the
manipulated variable and the
responding variable with direction.
Sample answer:
(The lower/higher position of metal in) / (going
down/up) Group 1, the more reactive is the metal
in reaction with water.
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
66
PART 3
SPM 2008 Question no. 2
Tips to write a good report:
d. List of substances and apparatus:
Complete list of substances and apparatus.
Sample answer:
Substances: Lithium, sodium, potassium, water
Apparatus : Water trough/basin/pale/tray/tank,
knife, forceps, filter paper,
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 4541/3
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PART 3
SPM 2008 Question no. 2
Tips to write a good report:
e. Procedure : List all the steps correctly
Sample answer:
1. Fill the water trough with water
2. Cut piece of lithium using a knife and forceps
3. Dry the lithium using filter paper
4. Place the lithium on the surface of water
5. Record all the changes / observation
6. Repeat (step 1 to 5) / experiment using
sodium and potassium
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PART 3
SPM 2008 Question no. 2
Tips to write a good report:
e. Procedure : List all the steps correctly
Sample answer:
1. Fill the water trough with water
2. Cut piece of lithium using a knife and forceps
3. Dry the lithium using filter paper
4. Place the lithium on the surface of water
5. Record all the changes / observation
6. Repeat (step 1 to 5) / experiment using
sodium and potassium
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PART 3
SPM 2008 Question no. 2
Tips to write a good report:
e. Tabulation of data:
Tabulate the data with the following aspects
1. Correct titles
2. Complete list of elements
Responding
Sample answer:
Manipulated
Variable
Max: Score 2
Element
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
Variable
Observation/Reactivity
HOME
70
MASTERING PAPER 3 : THE SCORE
Know to SCORE, sure to MASTER Paper 3
PART 3
PART 3
MASTERING PAPER 3 : THE SCORE
END OF PART 3
Thank You
KAMAL ARIFFIN BIN SAAIM
SMK DATO’ BENTARA LUAR BATU PAHAT
mel : kamal_ariffin2006@yahoo.com
website: http://kemhawk.webs.com/
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