Solutions and Solubility
Lesson 8
Vocabulary
• Solution: mixture of substances that are evenly
spread throughout each other; particles in a solution
are molecular in size.
• Solvent: part of a solution that is usually present in
the larger amount.
• Solute: part of a solution that is usually present in
the smaller amount.
• Dissolves: breaks up into the smallest particles of
that substance so that a solution forms.
• Dilute: a solution containing a relatively small quantity
of solute as compared with the amount of solvent.
Solutions
• Did you know that water in a lake, river,
ocean, rain, fish tanks, pools, etc is not
pure?
• Even though it looks pure, it is a
mixture of materials.
• Water becomes a mixture when
materials are added to it.
Other Examples of Mixtures
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Fruit salad
Soft drinks
Gravel
Chex mix
Can you think of other examples?
Vocabulary
• Solution – a homogeneous mixture that
looks like a single substance and has the
same properties throughout. It is made
up of two or more pure substances.
Solution
• Example:
This mixture is made up of water,
coffee, cream, hazelnut flavoring,
milk, and sugar. Once it is all mixed
together, it looks like a single
substance.
Coffee is an example of a solution.
I would like to order a
latte with whipped cream,
flavor shot of hazelnut,
skinny with low fat milk
and make it extra hot.
The cream, hazelnut, milk, and sugar
are called the solute because it is being
dissolved into the water. The water is
called the solvent because it is doing
the dissolving.
Soluble Substances
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Salt
Sugar
Powdered drink mix
Baking soda
Food coloring
Solutions
A substance that dissolves in water is
said to be soluble. For example, the
sugar and cream are said to be soluble
in water.
A substance that does not dissolve, is said
to be insoluble.
For example: water and oil do not mix.oilIt
is said to be insoluble.
water
Non-Soluble Substances
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Sand
Rocks
Paper clips
Rubber ball
Rice
Solutions
• A solution consists of a solute dissolved
in a solvent. The solute is always in
lesser quantity than the solvent.
• The solvent does the dissolving and is
always in greater quantity than the
solute.
Solute – green
particles
Solution
Solvent –
yellow liquid
Properties of Solutions
Solutions share certain properties.
1. The particles of solvent and solute in
solutions are spread evenly throughout the
mixture.
2. The particles of the solute are molecular in
size.
3. A solid solute can usually be separated from
a liquid solvent by physical means such as
evaporation.
Lets Experiment!
Objective: To observe the dissolving of a
solute in a solvent.
Materials:
clear drinking glass
powdered fruit drink
flat toothpick
Activity from: Chemistry for every kid.
Procedure
• Fill the clear glass with water.
• Select a flavor of powdered fruit drink
that has a dark color such as cherry,
grape, raspberry, etc.
• Use the wide end of a popsicle stick to
pick up a scoop of the powdered drink.
• Gently shake the powder over the glass
of water.
• Continue to add the powder until the
water becomes completely colored.
Results
• Streamers of color precipitate down through the
water. Precipitate means to fall downward.
• The crystals dissolve in the water as they fall.
Dissolving means that a substance breaks apart
into smaller and smaller particles and spreads
out evenly throughout the solvent. The
dissolving material, the solute, is the powdered
crystals and the solvent is the water. The
combination of a solute and a solvent produces
a liquid solution.
Problem
Your grandmother sent you a beautiful
ceramic hot chocolate mug for your
birthday. The mug was packed in the
Styrofoam peanuts (packing material).
Unfortunately the peanuts did not protect
the mug. How can you separate the
Styrofoam peanuts from the ceramic
shards?