GASS™-2040
Gas
Analysis
Sampling
Systems
PERMA PURE
2040-001
GASS-2040
•
New product introduction at AWMA
•
Combines capabilities of Probe / Mini-GASS™ and
GASS™-II systems
•
Can be mounted anywhere, including directly on
stack flange with optional integral sample probe
•
Most complete sample conditioning system on
the market
•
GASS-II discontinued, all other GASS systems
still available
PERMA PURE
2040-002
The General Problem
Gas analysis for Emissions or Process Monitoring involves
three steps:
1. Sampling
2. Conditioning
Samples are typically:
Hot
Analyzers require samples to be: Cool
3. Analysis
Wet
Dirty
Dry
Clean
Sample conditioning receives little attention,
but is often the most difficult step of the three.
PERMA PURE
2040-003
Sampling Methods
1. In-situ analysis
2. Extraction
a. Wet (filtered only)
b. Dilution
c. Drying
1) Absorption
2) Condensation
3) Selective permeation
PERMA PURE
2040-004
Typical Problems in Gas Samples
Gases
• Rarely a problem
Liquids
• Water
• Acid mists (sulfuric acid)
Solids
• Ammonia salts
• Excessive particulates
PERMA PURE
2040-005
Water Problems
•
Clogging or damage to analyzers or components
•
Requirement for heated lines or analyzers
•
Long calibration times due to adsorption/desorption
•
Interference in infrared (or other) measurements
•
Loss of water-soluble analytes
•
Participation in unwanted chemical reactions
PERMA PURE
2040-006
Sulfur Dioxide Solubility in Water
SO2 Solubility (ml SO2/100 ml H2O)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Temperature (Deg. C)
PERMA PURE
2040-007
Sulfur Dioxide Solubility in Water
Temperature
Degree C
SO2 Solubility in H2O
ml SO2 / 100 ml H2O
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
79.8
77.2
74.7
72.2
69.8
67.5
65.2
63.0
60.8
58.7
56.6
54.7
52.7
50.8
49.0
47.3
45.6
43.9
Degree C
SO2 Solubility in H2O
ml SO2 / 100 ml H2O
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
35
40
90
100
42.4
40.8
39.4
38.0
36.8
35.3
34.0
32.8
31.6
30.4
29.3
28.2
27.2
22.5
18.8
2.1
.0
Temperature
PERMA PURE
2040-008
Unwanted Reactions
1. Formation of Sulfuric Acid
a. 2SO2 + O2  2SO3
SO3 + H2O  H2SO4
b. NO2 + SO2 + H2O
 H2SO4 + NO
2. Formation of Ammonia Salts
a. NH3 + SO2 + H2O
 NH4HSO3
b. NH3 + SO3 + H2O
 NH4HSO4
PERMA PURE
2040-009
Acid Mist Problems
• Mists are very corrosive, viscous,
clogging
• Difficult to remove; slow to coalesce
into sizeable droplets when cooled
• Special coalescing filters helpful
PERMA PURE
2040-010
Ammonia Salts Problems
Present special problems
• Ammonia is gas, passes through probe filter
• Forms clogs if allowed to cool, react with
SO2 or SO3 and H2O to form ammonium salts
• Requires special absorbents to remove
ammonia before cooling to prevent clogs
PERMA PURE
2040-011
Excessive Particulates
Easiest to solve
• Probe filter with heated blowback
• Secondary filter with finer porosity
• Inertial bypass filters if necessary
PERMA PURE
2040-012
The Solution
GASS™-2040 Gas Analysis Sampling Systems
• Retain water-soluble analytes (HCl, SO2, NOX)
• Achieve low final sample dew points (down to -25oC)
• Accept high sample flow rates (up to 25 L/minute)
• Accommodate nearly any sample (customized)
• Eliminate heated sample lines (stack mounting)
PERMA PURE
2040-013
™
GASS -2040 Gas Analysis Sampling System
PERMA PURE
2040-014
™
GASS -2040 Overview
• Stainless steel NEMA-4X enclosure
• Integral probe with heated filter and blowback
• Hastelloy heat exchanger
• Coalescing/particulate filter with automatic drain
• Ammonia scrubber(s)
• Wide range of dryers, double dryers
• PLC with Ethernet for remote control
• Safety interlocks and alarms
• Sample pump, other options to customize system
PERMA PURE
2040-015
Integral Probe, Filter and Blowback
PERMA PURE
2040-016
Integral Probe, Filter and Blowback
• Range of probe lengths and materials
Directly connected, no heated line
• Probe filter stainless steel or glasscoated
Temperature controlled by PLC
Avoids losses of analytes in filter
• Blowback heated, closely coupled
Blowback timing controlled by PLC
Avoids condensation during blowback
PERMA PURE
2040-017
Coalescing / Particulate Filter and Drain
PERMA PURE
2040-018
Coalescing / Particulate Filter
PERMA PURE
2040-019
Coalescing / Particulate Filter
PERMA PURE
2040-020
Coalescing / Particulate Filter
• Two-layer, coalescing and particle
element
Temperature controlled by PLC
Removes particles >0.1 micron and mists
• Hastelloy heat exchanger
Improves acid mist removal
• Available in stainless steel or PVDF Kynar
Corrosion resistant
®
PERMA PURE
2040-021
Automatic Drain
PERMA PURE
2040-022
Automatic Drain
• Coalesced liquid removed by eductor
Drain timing controlled by PLC
Reliable, no peristaltic pump
• Eductor entirely PTFE Teflon®
Full corrosion resistance
• Teflon check valve
Positive seal when not operating
PERMA PURE
2040-023
Ammonia Scrubber
PERMA PURE
2040-024
Ammonia Scrubber
PERMA PURE
2040-025
Ammonia Scrubber
PERMA PURE
2040-026
Ammonia Scrubber
• Proprietary scrubbing media
Long-lasting, selective for ammonia
• No tools needed for media replacement
Easy maintenance
• Stainless steel with stainless steel shell
or polysulfone shell for visibility
Corrosion resistant
PERMA PURE
2040-027
®
Nafion Gas Dryer
PERMA PURE
2040-028
NAFION Chemical Structure
®
[ (CF2
CF2 )m
CF
CF2 ]
n
O
CF2
CF
WHEN:
m = 5 to 13.5
n = ca 1,000
z = 1,2,3...
x = 1 to 13
CF3
Z
O
CF2
CF2
SO3 H ● [H2O]X
PERMA PURE
2040-029
NAFION Gas Dryer Principle
PERMA PURE
2040-030
NAFION Dryer Schematic
PERMA PURE
2040-031
PD-Series Polytube Dryers
PERMA PURE
2040-032
NAFION Selectivity
• Nafion permeation selectivity is based on
chemical reactivity, not size
• Only compounds that chemically associate with
sulfonic acid permeate through Nafion
• Bases associate with sulfonic acid and permeate
through Nafion
• Very few bases are gases at typical operating
temperatures, so very few compounds permeate
PERMA PURE
2040-033
Effect on Analytes
• Removes water directly as water vapor.
No condensate forms to dissolve analytes.
• Removes compounds with hydroxyl groups (-OH)
H2O, some organics
• Retains important compounds
O2, O3, CO, CO2, NOX, SO2, SO3, H2S, Hg, HCl
PERMA PURE
2040-034
PD-Series Performance Chart
12”
24”
48”
DEWPOINT (oC)
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
-45
-50
PD-50T ...0
PD-100T ...0
PD-200T ...0
MODEL
72”
1
2
4
2
4
8
3
4 5 6
7
8
9 10
6
8 10 12 14 16 18 20
12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
FLOW (liters/min.)
PERMA PURE
2040-035
Low Final Dew Points
• Dew point as low as -45oC can be achieved.
• Dew point of -10oC to -25oC is typical.
• Performance is a function of dryer size
and sample flow rate.
• Analytical results and reliability improved
by reducing water interferences.
• Acid mist problems overcome.
PERMA PURE
2040-036
PLC
PERMA PURE
2040-037
PLC
• Digital selection of operating conditions
Precise control of operating parameters
• Standard unit, easy programming
Easy maintenance and updating
• Optional Ethernet connection
Remote control and data display
PERMA PURE
2040-038
Optional Heatless Dryer
PERMA PURE
2040-039
Optional Heatless Dryer
PERMA PURE
2040-040
Optional Heatless Dryer
PERMA PURE
2040-041
Optional Heatless Dryer
• Steady supply of dry air for system use
Continuous 60 L/min. to -45ºC dewpoint
• No line pressure surges
Inactive canister repressurized before reuse
• Very reliable with no maintenance
Electronic switching, permanent springloaded molecular sieve
PERMA PURE
2040-042
Optional Sample Pump
PERMA PURE
2040-043
Optional Sample Pump
• Pump head mounted in heated zone
Prevents sample condensation
• Pump motor mounted in unheated zone
Improves pump reliability
• Pump head stainless steel or Teflon
Corrosion-resistant, long life
• Sample transported under pressure
Avoids contamination from minor leaks
PERMA PURE
2040-044
GASS-2040 Options
• Integral Probe
• Dryer Sizes
• Probe Filter
• Purge Heatless Dryer
• Blowback
• Ethernet Connection
• Bypass Filter
• X- or Z-Purge
• Coalescing Filter
• Kynar® Fittings
• Automatic Drain
• Sample Pump
• Ammonia Scrubbers
• Purge Eductor
PERMA PURE
2040-045
Summation
™
• GASS -2040 combines all necessary
sampling and conditioning in one package
•Proven technology, years of experience
• Opportunity to eliminate heated lines
• Many options; buy only what is needed
• Smaller systems available for less
demanding applications
PERMA PURE
2040-046