North Slope Training Cooperative
Respiratory Protection
Course No. NSTC-11
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Introductions
‣ Name
‣ Company
‣ Length of time in Alaska
‣ Experience relative to respiratory protection
‣ Experience on North Slope or other industrial
sites
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
2
Administration and Safety
‣ Emergency Procedures
‣ Breaks, Lunch
‣ Restrooms, Smoking
‣ Safety Minute
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
3
Goal
To introduce the key components of a
respiratory program and provide participants
with the knowledge and skills to identify and
protect against respiratory hazards on the job
and avoid personal injury.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
4
Course Objectives
‣ Participants will be able to:
‣ Explain the health hazards resulting from exposure
to hazardous airborne contaminants.
‣ Know how to reference 29 CFR 1910.134 and
Alaska Safety Handbooks for the requirements of a
Respiratory Protection Program.
‣ Select, use, and maintain the different types of
respirators used on the North Slope.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
5
Course Limitations
‣ This is an introductory course on respiratory
protection for authorized users.
‣ Additional site-specific training will be
required including the use of equipment
specific to your company and location.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
6
Respiratory Protection
Modules
‣ Module I: Introduction to Respiratory
Protection
‣ Module II: Air Purifying Respirator (APR)
‣ Module III: Self-Contained Breathing
Apparatus (SCBA)
‣ Module IV: Supplied Airline Respirator (SAR)
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
7
North Slope Training Cooperative
Module I: Introduction to
Respiratory Protection
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
8
Module I: Objectives
‣ Participants will be able to:
‣ List hazardous conditions that require the use of
respiratory protection.
‣ Apply appropriate control measures for hazardous
respiratory conditions.
‣ Explain the purpose and elements of a respiratory
protection program.
‣ Explain the responsibilities of the employer and
employees.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
9
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134
Respiratory Protection
‣ To ensure employees are protected from:
‣ inhaling airborne contaminants
‣ oxygen deficiencies.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
10
The Respiratory System
The lungs are moist and have a
large surface area so when
airborne contaminants are
inhaled, they stay in the tissue
or diffuse through the alveoli
into the blood where they are
carried to other organs.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
11
Breathing Air Composition
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
12
Acronyms & Definitions
PEL
Permissible Exposure Limit (OSHA)
TLV
Threshold Limit Value (ACGIH)
STEL
Short Term Exposure Limit (15 min x 4/day – with
one hour between exposure)
Ceiling
Maximum exposure not to be exceeded during
any part of the workday
IDLH
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health
TWA
Time Weighted Average (based on an hr/day;
40hr/wk; limits adjusted lower for longer work
days)
PPM
Parts Per Million
REL
Recommended Exposure Limit (NIOSH)
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
13
North Slope Training Cooperative
Respiratory Hazards
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
14
Types of Respiratory
Hazards
‣ Airborne contaminants
‣ Asphyxiates
‣ Inert gases (nitrogen, methane, argon)
‣ Chemicals (hydrogen sulfide, cyanide)
‣ Oxygen deficient atmospheres (<19.5%)
‣ Nitrogen or carbon dioxide enriched
atmospheres
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
15
Airborne Contaminants
‣ Dust, fibers: solid contaminants in the air
‣ Fog, smoke: layers of water droplets and/or
particulates in the air
‣ Fumes: decomposed, suspended metal solids
‣ Mist, sprays: aerosolized liquids
‣ Vapors: solids or liquids at their boiling point
‣ Gases: fluid substances that expand indefinitely
‣ Radionuclides: unstable radioactive atoms
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
16
Acute Exposure
Symptoms
‣ Eye, ear, throat, nose, lung and/or skin
irritation
‣ Dizziness
‣ Headache or “light-headed” feeling
‣ Shortness of breath; difficult breathing
‣ Unconsciousness
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
17
Chronic Exposure Effects
‣ Lung damage (black lung disease)
‣ Liver or kidney disease
‣ Disorder of the central nervous system
(CNS)
‣ Cancer
‣ Reproductive toxins
‣ Heart disorders
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
18
North Slope Training Cooperative
Hazard Control Measures
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
19
Types of Hazard Controls
‣ Engineering
‣ Administrative
‣ Personal Protective Equipment
BP ASH, page 39; ASH, page 1
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
20
Engineering Controls
‣ Ventilation
‣ Enclosure
‣ Process re-design
‣ Product substitution
BP ASH, page 39; ASH, page 1
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
21
Administrative Controls
‣ Job rotation
‣ Limiting work periods
‣ Work policies,
procedures, practices
‣ Time of day task is
performed
BP ASH, page 39; ASH, page 1
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
22
Personal Protective
Equipment
According to OSHA, 29
CFR1910.134, if engineering and
administrative controls are not
sufficient to prevent or reduce the
hazard, the employer must
implement a Respiratory
Protection Program e.g. the use of
respirators.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
23
North Slope Training Cooperative
Respiratory Protection
Program
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
24
Employer Responsibilities
Establish and maintain a written respiratory
protection program with a trained program
administrator
29 CFR 1910.134 (c)
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
25
Program Elements
‣ Procedures for respirator selection
‣ Medical evaluation of fitness for wearers
‣ Fit testing procedures for tight-fighting respirators
‣ Procedures for proper use of respirators
‣ Procedures to ensure adequate air qualify, quantity
and flow of breathing air for respirators
29 CFR 1910.134 (c)
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
26
Program Elements
‣ Procedures and schedules for
cleaning, disinfecting, storing,
inspecting, maintaining and
discarding respirators
‣ Employee training in respiratory
hazards
‣ Employee training in proper use
of respirators including donning
and doffing, and any limitations in
their use
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
29 CFR 1910.134 (c)
27
Medical Evaluation
‣ PLHCP approved
questionnaire and/or initial
physical examination
‣ Pulmonary function testing
may be required.
‣ Annual fit testing by medical
or company staff
29 CFR 1910.134 (e–f)
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
28
Medical Evaluation
‣An annual medical examination may be
required if there have been changes in an
employee’s medical condition such as:
‣ Facial scarring,
‣ Dental or cosmetic surgery,
‣ Changes in body weight,
‣ Increase in emotional stress.
29 CFR 1910.134 (e)
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
29
Potential Effects of
Respirator Usage
‣ Increase in respiratory and heart rate
‣ Increase in body temperature
‣ Psychological effect: claustrophobia
‣ Facial skin irritation
29 CFR 1910.134 (e)
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
30
Employee Responsibilities
‣ Check for proper fit, proper usage, and type
of respirator for the job.
‣ Inspect for defects, cleaning, maintenance,
and proper storage.
‣ Know what to do if a respirator malfunctions.
‣ Know the filter and cartridge change-out
schedules (BP ASH, page 23).
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
31
Employee Responsibilities
‣ Recognize signs and symptoms of overexposure.
‣ Recognize conditions that may limit or
prevent effective use of a respirator.
‣ ALWAYS REPORT any illness or discomfort
during or after tasks requiring use of a
respirator.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
32
Module I: Summary
‣ Engineering and administrative controls are
the preferred methods for eliminating
respiratory hazards.
‣ If respiratory protection is required, the
employer must:
‣ Have a written program
‣ Supply respirators
‣ Provide training
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
33
North Slope Training Cooperative
Module II: Air Purifying
Respirator (APR)
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
34
Module II: Objectives
‣ Participants will be able to:
‣
Describe the conditions requiring APR use.
‣
Describe the factors affecting APR filter/cartridge selection.
‣ Recognize the difference between disposable and reusable
respirators.
‣
Follow proper procedures for APR inspection, cleaning,
maintenance, & storage.
‣
Demonstrate the proper donning and doffing of an APR.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
35
North Slope Training Cooperative
What Is an APR?
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
36
APR Definition
An Air-Purifying
Respirator(APR) removes
specific air contaminants
by passing ambient air
(normal breathing air)
through an air-purifying
element.
OSHA 1910.134 (b)
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
37
Types of APR Respirators
‣ Half-mask respirators
‣ Full-face respirators
‣ Powered air purifying
respirators (PAPR)
‣ Disposable respirators
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
38
General APR
Requirements
‣ All respirators, filters, cartridges, and other
parts must be certified by NIOSH.
‣ All respirator parts must be of the same
manufacturer and specifically authorized in
the manufacturer’s instructions for your
specific model.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
39
APR Limitations
Air-purifying respirators cannot be used in any
situation that is 50x the PEL, oxygen-deficient
atmosphere (<19.5%), or in environments that
are immediately dangerous to life and health
(IDLH).
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
40
North Slope Training Cooperative
APR Selection Process
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
41
Selection Criteria
‣ Determine if there is a safe concentration of
O2 in the atmosphere.
‣ Identify the contaminant.
‣ Identify the concentration of the contaminant.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
42
Selection Criteria
‣ Determine if the contaminant has good warning
properties (e.g. smell, taste, irritation of eyes
and skin) at or below the PEL.
‣ Determine if there is a potential for an IDLH
atmosphere (oxygen deficient, high contaminant
contamination or flammability).
‣ Determine if the contaminants will be absorbed
by a medium such as a charcoal filter.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
43
Selection Criteria
Select the appropriate mask and the filter or
cartridge based on:
‣ the specific contaminant,
‣ its concentration, and
‣ the Assigned Protection Factor (APF).
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
44
Assigned Protection
Factor (APF)
Half Mask with APF-10
Full Face with APF-50
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
45
Acronyms & Definitions
PEL
Permissible Exposure Limit (OSHA)
TLV
Threshold Limit Value (ACGIH)
STEL
Short Term Exposure Limit (15 min x 4/day – with
one hour between exposure)
Ceiling
Maximum exposure not to be exceeded during
any part of the workday
IDLH
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health
TWA
Time Weighted Average (based on hr/day; 40
hr/wk; limits adjusted lower for longer wk days)
PPM
Parts Per Million
REL
Recommended Exposure Limit (NIOSH)
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
46
Assigned Protection
Factor Chart
Type of
Respirator
Air-Purifying
Respirator
(APR)
Powered AirPurifying
Respirator
(PAPR)
LooseFull Face
fitting Face
Piece
Piece
Quarter
Masks
Half Mask
5
103
50
____
____
50
1000
25
29 CFR 1910.134 (d) (3) (i) (A)
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
47
North Slope Training Cooperative
APR Filters and Cartridges
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
48
Filter and Cartridge
Differences
Filters remove
particulates such as
dust, fumes, and mist.
Chemical
cartridges remove
gases and vapors.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
49
APR Filters
‣ Filters remove particulates such as dust,
fumes, mist, fog or smoke from the air.
‣ Particulates are solid and/or liquid particles
that are suspended in air.
‣ Particulates collect on the filter or in the
openings of the material.
‣ Filter materials include fiberglass, cellulose,
resins, and impregnated wool.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
50
Classes of Filters
‣ N - Series
‣ R - Series
‣ P - Series
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
51
N-Series Filters
‣ N = Not oil resistant or restricted to use in
those atmospheres free of oil aerosols
‣ May be used for any solid or liquid airborne
particulate hazard that does not contain oil
‣ Generally used and reused and are subject
only to considerations of hygiene, damage,
and increased breathing resistance
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
52
52
R-Series Filters
‣ R = Resistant to oil and intended for removal
of any particle including oil-based liquid
aerosol
‣ May be used for any solid or liquid airborne
hazard
‣ If the atmosphere contains oil, a filter should
only be used for a single shift or 8 hours of
continuous or intermittent use.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
53
P-Series Filters
‣ P = Oil proof and is intended for removal of
any airborne particulate including oil-based
liquid aerosols
‣ May be used for any solid or liquid
particulate airborne hazard
‣ NIOSH recommends that respirator
manufacturers establish time-use limitations
for P-series filters.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
54
APR Filter Chart
N-Series:
Not resistant to oil
N95
N99
N100
R-Series:
Resistant to oil
R95
R99
R100
P-Series:
Oil proof
P95
P99
P100
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
55
APR Cartridges
‣ Cartridges are used
when the
contaminant is a
gas or a vapor
‣ Different media in
cartridges remove
the gas and vapors
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
56
How a Cartridge Works
Adsorption
‣ Adsorption:
Attraction of
molecules that
removes organic
gases, vapors, and
acid gases.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Absorption
‣ Absorption:
Chemical reaction
that removes
chlorines, acid
gases, and other
contaminants.
Course Number NSTC-11
57
Cartridge Color Coding
Ammonia
Green
Organic Vapor (Solvents
Black
Acid Gas (Sulfuric Acid, for example)
White
Acid Gas and Organic Vapor
Yellow
Acid Gas, Ammonia & Organic Vapor
Brown
White &
Yellow
Chlorine
Multi-use Cartridge
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Gray
Course Number NSTC-11
58
Service Life
‣Service life is the length of
time a filter or cartridge will
work effectively depending
on the:
‣ Contaminant
‣ Concentration
Example of
3M Organic Vapor Cartridge
‣ Breathing rate/air flow
‣ Temperature and humidity
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
59
End of Service Life
Indicator (ESLI)
‣ Some cartridges are equipped with an end of
service life indicator that changes color as
the absorbent becomes saturated and warns
the user that cartridge use has expired.
‣ Manufacturers also provide complimentary
online change-out or recommended service
life information for individual cartridges.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
60
North Slope Training Cooperative
APR Inspection, Cleaning
and Storage
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
61
Respirator Inspection
Checklist
‣ Appropriate filters or cartridges
‣ Loss of elasticity, cracks, splits in face-piece
‣ Damaged straps
‣ Broken or loose connector
‣ Missing parts
‣ Dirty or damaged valves
‣ General cleanliness
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
62
Cleaning and Sanitizing an
APR
‣ Remove filters/cartridges and
discard them
‣ Disassemble respirator into
components
‣ Prepare cleaning solution
‣ Wash components and rinse
completely
‣ Air dry in a clean area
‣ Reassemble and store properly
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
63
Storing Respirators
Proper storage means protection against:
‣ Dust
‣ Harmful illumination
‣ Heat
‣ Extreme cold
‣ Excessive moisture
‣ Damaging chemicals
‣ Deformity
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
64
North Slope Training Cooperative
Fitting, Donning and
Doffing the APR
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
65
Types of Fit Testing
‣ Qualitative fit testing determines the integrity
of the face-piece seal based on the response
of the wearer to an irritant such as smoke or
banana oil.
‣ Quantitative fit testing uses testing
equipment to determine a numerical rating
for the integrity of the face-piece seal.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
66
Considerations for Fit
Testing
‣ Facial hair (ASH, page 15; BP ASH, page 40)
‣ Facial structure or conditions
‣ Eye glasses
‣ Verbal communication
‣ Hazardous atmospheres
‣ Low and high temperatures
29 CFR 1910.134 (f)
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
67
How an APR Works
Air inhaled
Air inhaled
Air exhaled
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
68
User Seal Check
‣ Positive Pressure Seal Check
‣ Cover exhalation valve w/palm; blow out
gently
‣ Negative Pressure Seal Check
‣ Cover openings of the filters w/palms;
breathe in collapsing face-piece
‣ If there are air leaks, reposition face-piece
and/or adjust tension on head-harness
and repeat checks.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
69
Donning an APR
‣ Remove personal eyewear
‣ Position chin
‣ Align narrow portion of the face-piece
‣ Position head-harness
‣ Fasten neck strap (half mask respirators)
‣ Adjust head-harness straps
‣ Check to be sure face-piece stays positioned
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
70
Doffing an APR
‣ Go to a decontamination area
‣ Remove personal eyewear and disconnect
neck strap (half mask)
‣ Loosen head-harness and lift away facepiece
‣ Loosen all straps for ease of future donning
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
71
North Slope Training Cooperative
APR Exercises and
Summary
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
72
Exercise I: Disassembling
and Inspecting an APR
‣
Cleanliness
‣
Head-harness
‣ Face-piece
‣
Nose-cup
‣
Inhalation valve connectors
‣
Inhalation valve discs
‣
Exhalation valve seat
‣ Exhalation valve discs and cover
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
73
Exercise II: Assembling an
APR
‣ Reassemble the APR by reversing the
disassembly sequence.
‣ Identify, select, and attach the proper
filters/cartridges to the inhalation connectors.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
74
Exercise III: Donning and
Doffing
‣ Remove personal eyewear
‣ Position chin
‣ Position head-harness
‣ Fasten the neck strap (half mask respirators)
‣ Remove and adjust head-harness straps, if necessary
‣ Position face-piece
‣ Conduct positive and negative pressure seal checks
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
75
Module II: Summary
‣ Knowing the types of APR, filters/ cartridges and
the factors affecting selection and use, may mean
life or death.
‣ Knowing the proper donning, doffing, maintenance,
and storage procedures for APRs insures your
safety.
‣ If an employer cannot identify or reasonably
estimate the employee exposure, the atmosphere
is considered IDLH and not fit for APRs.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
76
North Slope Training Cooperative
Module III: Self-Contained
Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
77
Module III: Objectives
‣ Participants will be able to:
‣ Describe conditions requiring an SCBA, its
advantages and limitations.
‣ Describe SCBA types, operations, and
components.
‣ Demonstrate the proper SCBA inspection,
maintenance, cleaning and storage.
‣ Demonstrate the proper donning and doffing of an
SCBA and the method for changing an air cylinder.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
78
What Is an SCBA?
‣ An SCBA is a “self
contained” breathing device
that provides breathable air
in a hazardous environment.
‣ SCBAs are worn by workers
in an IDLH or potentially
IDLH conditions.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
79
Hazardous Environments
‣ Oxygen deficient atmosphere (<19.5%)
‣ Oxygen enriched atmosphere (>23.5%)
‣ Contaminants with no warning properties (smell,
taste, eye or skin irritation)
‣ Greater than 50x times PEL or IDLH conditions
‣ Due to fumes, gases or vapors
‣ Unknown concentration of contaminants (e.g. CO)
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
80
SCBA
Advantages
SCBA
Limitations
Portable supply of
breathing air
Bulky and heavy
Permits less restricted
travel distance and
mobility
Limited air supply limits travel
distance and time
Highest protection
factor
Cylinder change-out required
as part of pre-planning
Full face protection
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
81
North Slope Training Cooperative
SCBA Classifications and
Components
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
82
SCBA Classifications
‣ Open Circuit: air is not recycled; type used
on the North Slope
‣ Negative Demand Pressure
‣ Positive Pressure Demand
‣ Closed Circuit: air is recycled; used primarily
in mining industry and not on the North
Slope
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
83
Open Circuit Operation
‣ Compressed breathing air is carried in a cylinder
on the user’s back.
‣ Air passes through a regulator, is inhaled by the
user, and then exhaled from the system.
‣ Positive demand pressure is set to maintain a
small amount of pressure inside the face-piece.
‣ Air is available in 30, 45, 60 minute cylinders
which are pressurized at either 2216, 3000 or
4500 psi.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
84
Open Circuit SCBA
Components
‣ Face-piece
‣ Backpack assembly
‣ Air-flow regulator
assembly
‣ Air cylinder
MSA AirHawk Industrial SCBA
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
85
SCBA Face-piece
‣ Flexible rubber or silicon mask
‣ Head harness with adjustable
straps
‣ ANSI approved full face lens
for eye protection
‣ Exhalation valve
‣ May have speaking diaphragm
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
86
SCBA Backpack
Assembly
Air cylinder
Harness with
adjustable
straps
Chest Gauge w/
alarm
Air hose
Regulator
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
87
Mask Mounted Regulator
(MMR)
Two-stage regulator
Chest Gauge w/ Alarm
MSA Industrial AirHawk
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
88
SCBA Regulator
Assembly
‣ Regulator with pressure reducing valve
‣ Pressure gauge and pressure hose
‣ Low pressure alarm(s) (whistle, bell or
vibration)
‣ Mainline valve (manual or automatic)
‣ Emergency by-pass valve (manual or
automatic
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
89
89
Types of Regulators
Single Stage
‣ One stage for changing
the air from the cylinder
pressure (psi) to the
face-piece at 17.9 psi.
‣ Regulator has to be
manually operated.
‣ If regulator fails, have to
manually switch to the
emergency by-pass
valve.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Two Stage
‣ Two stages for changing
the air from the cylinder
pressure (psi) to the
face-piece at 17.9 psi.
‣ Once the cylinder is
turned on, the two-stage
regulator system will
automatically change the
pressure and switch to
the emergency by-pass
when needed.
Course Number NSTC-11
90
Grade D Breathing Air
‣The SCBA system uses, at a minimum,
“Grade D” breathing air provided from a
compressed air cylinder that is designed to be
carried by the user.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
91
SCBA Air Cylinders
‣ Low Pressure 2216 psi (normally up to 30
minutes)
‣ High Pressure 4500 psi (up to 60 minutes)
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
92
Factors Affecting Use
Time
‣ Physical condition of user
‣ Degree of physical exertion
‣ Emotional stress
‣ Condition of the breathing apparatus
‣ Cylinder pressure before use
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
93
North Slope Training Cooperative
Inspection, Cleaning, and
Maintenance
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
94
Inspection of the
Components
‣Inspections must be done monthly, before
and after each use.
‣ Face-piece
‣ Backpack assembly
‣ Regulator
‣ Air cylinder
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
95
Inspection — Face-piece
‣ Inspections must be
done before and after
each use and monthly.
‣ Check the exhalation
valve.
‣ Check the rubber facepiece and lens.
‣ Check the harness and
straps.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
96
Inspection — Backpack
Assembly
‣ Check straps for fraying and
damage.
‣ Be sure straps are fully
extended.
‣ Check for missing parts or
buckles.
‣ Check cylinder hold-down strap.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
97
Inspection — Regulator
‣ Make sure the emergency
bypass is in correct
position.
‣ Check the high pressure
hose and connections.
‣ Inspect the gauge.
‣ Check the alarm.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
98
Inspection — Air Cylinder
‣ Check for full cylinder
pressure.
‣ Check for proper
pressure (psi).
‣ Check the hydrostatic
test date.
‣ Inspect for damage.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
99
Cleaning
‣ Clean, disinfect, and store face-piece.
‣ Wipe down entire SCBA.
‣ Replace low cylinders.
‣ Reassemble SCBA.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
100
Maintenance and Storage
‣ Immediately tag and remove
defective units from service.
‣ Replace cylinders when they
become low.
‣ Store units properly.
‣ Record the inspection date
and finding(s).
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
101
North Slope Training Cooperative
Donning an SCBA
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
102
Donning Methods
Back Assembly, Regulator, and Air Cylinder
‣ “Sling or Coat” method
‣ “Over-the-Head” method
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
103
Donning: Sling or Coat
Method
‣ Remove the face
piece from the
case.
‣ Check that the
cylinder is full.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
104
Don the Backpack
‣ Reach inside right
shoulder strap and grasp
the pressure gauge.
‣ Slide left arm through left
shoulder strap.
‣ Bend forward slightly to
rest apparatus on your
back.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
105
Adjust the Straps
 Buckle the chest
strap.
 Fasten the waist
strap and pull it tight
for a snug fit.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
106
Adjust the Straps
‣ As you straighten
up, pull the
shoulder strap tabs
out.
‣ Adjust the unit for a
comfortable fit.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
107
Adjust the Straps
‣ Shoulder straps and
waist straps must
lay flat and be
tucked in across the
body.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
108
Perform a Functional Test
‣ Grasp maskmounted regulator
and push top
release buttons.
‣ Be sure that the red
by-pass knob is
fully closed
(clockwise).
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
109
Perform a Functional Test
‣ Reach behind and fully
open the cylinder valve.
‣ Listen for the whistle to
sound briefly. As the
pressure rises, the
alarm sounds
automatically
indicating it is
functional.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
110
Perform a Functional Test
‣ Check that no air flows
from regulator. If it
does, repeat steps 1
and 2.
‣ As the pressure rises,
the alarm sounds
automatically
indicating it is
functional.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
111
Perform a Functional Test
‣ To check for bypass
operation, turn red
knob counterclockwise and listen
for air flow.
‣ Turn clockwise to
stop flow.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
112
Perform a Leak Test
‣ Reach behind and close
the cylinder valve. Watch
the pressure gauge.
‣ If pressure drops more
than 100 psig in 10
seconds, there is a leak.
‣ Do not use the apparatus
until the leak is found and
corrected.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
113
Perform a Leak Test
‣ Turn the bypass knob slightly
to slowly bleed off pressure
until gauge needle drops
below 550 psig (low pressure
cylinder) or 1125 psig (high
pressure cylinder).
‣ The whistle will sound and
continue sounding until
pressure is <200 psig. Close
bypass fully.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
114
Don the Face-piece
‣ Fully extend facepiece straps so the
tab ends are at the
buckles.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
115
Don the Face-piece
‣ Don the face-piece
by first putting your
chin in the chin cup.
‣ Pull the head
harness completely
over your head
making sure all
straps lay flat.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
116
Don the Face-piece
‣ Tighten lower (neck)
straps first by pulling them
straight back, not out.
‣ Tighten temple straps the
same way.
‣ Push head harness pad to
back of head; retighten
straps if necessary.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
117
Check the Fit
‣ Check the fit by holding
the palm of your hand over
the inlet connection and
inhale. Hold your breath
for 10 seconds.
‣ The face-piece should
collapse and stay
collapsed against your
face. If it doesn’t, readjust
and test again.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
118
Check the Fit
‣ To check the exhalation
valve, take a deep breath
and hold it.
‣ Block the inlet connection
and exhale.
‣ If the valve is stuck, you
may feel a heavy rush of
air around the face-piece.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
119
Install the MMR
‣ Grasp and orient the
regulator so the red bypass
knob is facing the right.
‣ Insert the regulator into the
face-piece adaptor.
‣ Check for proper
engagement by pulling on
the regulator. Inhale sharply
to start the flow of air.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
120
Donning: Over-the-Head
‣ Open air cylinder valve (fully
open).
‣ Be sure you are strong
enough to lift the cylinder
and harness over your
head.
‣ Let SCBA slide slowly
through your hands into
place on your back.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
121
Donning: Over-the-Head
‣ Lean slightly forward.
‣ Connect chest strap.
‣ Adjust shoulder straps.
‣ Fasten and adjust
waist strap.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
122
North Slope Training Cooperative
Doffing an SCBA
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
123
Release the Regulator
‣ Grasp the regulator
and push the
release buttons.
‣ Pull the regulator
down and out of the
face-piece.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
124
Shut Down the Pressure
‣ Close cylinder valve
fully.
‣ Open bypass to release
system pressure.
‣ Close bypass and stow
regular with bypass
knob facing right in
stand-by-belt mount.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
125
Remove the Harness
‣ Loosen the facepiece straps and
pull up and away
from your face.
‣ Disconnect the belt
buckle and chest
strap.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
126
Remove the Harness
‣ Loosen the shoulder straps by
grasping the release tabs and
pushing them out and away
from the body.
‣ Slip your left arm out of the
shoulder strap first, then
remove the harness while
grasping the right shoulder
strap and the pressure gauge.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
127
North Slope Training Cooperative
Guidelines for Safe
Operation
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
128
Emergency Operation
‣ In an emergency situation
when you need additional
air,
‣ Slightly open the
emergency by-pass valve
and adjust the rate of flow
to your comfort.
‣ Leave the area immediately
and go to safety.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
129
Changing the Air Cylinder
‣ Change the cylinder in a safe atmosphere
‣ Helper obtains full air cylinder
‣ User leans forward
‣ Helper closes air cylinder
‣ Helper disconnects high pressure hose from
cylinder
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
130
Changing the Air Cylinder
‣ Helper releases cylinder hold down clamp
and removes cylinder
‣ Helper replaces with full cylinder
‣ Helper connects high pressure hose
‣ Helper opens air cylinder (fully)
‣ Helper checks air pressure on regulator and
reports to user
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
131
General Safety
‣ Maintain good physical condition
‣ Know your limitations
‣ Ensure SCBA is operating properly
‣ Work efficiently to conserve air
‣ Always maintain communications with
another person
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
132
General Safety
‣ Never remove face-piece when in a
contaminated area.
‣ Make sure the backpack is secure.
‣ Immediately report malfunctions.
‣ If you use the emergency bypass, immediately
go to a safe area.
‣ If required, special prescription lens inserts can
be mounted inside the face-piece.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
133
Module III: Summary
‣ Knowing when to wear, how to wear and the
advantages and limitations of a SCBA puts
you in control of your safety.
‣ Proper inspection, cleaning, maintenance and
storage of a SCBA ensures proper function.
‣ Practice the general safety considerations for
SCBA use and follow the manufacturer’s
recommendations.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
134
North Slope Training Cooperative
Module IV: Supplied
Airline Respirator (SAR)
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
135
Module IV: Objectives
‣ Participants will be able to:
‣ Explain what a Supplied Airline Respirator
(SAR) is and describe its major components.
‣ Verify and determine the air source supply.
‣ Identify conditions requiring an SAR.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
136
Module IV: Objectives
‣ Participants will be able to:
‣ Identify advantages & limitations of an SAR.
‣ Demonstrate donning and doffing the SAR.
‣ Demonstrate proper pre-operation inspection,
maintenance, cleaning and storage of an
SAR.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
137
What is an SAR System?
‣ A high pressure system providing clean
breathing air, Grade D or better
‣ Pumped by an air compressor or a bank of
air cylinders, under pressure, through a hose
to a mask assembly
‣ A source of breathing air not designed to be
carried by the user
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
138
What Is an SAR System?
Face-piece or hood
Compressor
w/connecting hoses
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
139
Conditions Requiring an
SAR
Supplied Air Respirators are worn by workers
in hazardous conditions
‣ Cleaning oil storage tanks
‣ Painting with isocyanates
‣ Confined space with a limited work area
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
140
North Slope Training Cooperative
SAR Configurations
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
141
Configuration Types
‣ Demand (Negative Pressure): admits
breathing air to the face-piece only when a
negative pressure is created by inhalation
‣ Pressure-Demand (Positive Pressure): admits
breathing air to the face-piece when the
positive pressure is reduced by inhalation
‣ Constant flow: provides a continuous flow of
breathing air to the face-piece
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
142
Demand and PressureDemand SARs
‣ A Demand and Pressure Demand SAR is
similar to a Demand or Pressure-Demand
Open Circuit SCBA because breathing air is
supplied through a small diameter hose.
‣ Because air pressure in the hose is limited to
125 psi, the regulator is a single stage
reduction.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
143
Continuous Flow SAR
‣ Maintains air flow at all times, rather than on
demand
‣ In place of a demand or pressure-demand
regulator, an air flow control valve or orifice
partially controls the air flow
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
144
Continuous Flow SAR
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
145
North Slope Training Cooperative
Air Compressors and
Cylinders
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
146
OSHA Standards
The OSHA standards for air compressors and
breathing air cylinders are defined in 29 CFR
1910.134 (i)(1-9).
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
147
Air Compressors
‣ Must prevent entry of contaminated air.
‣ Must deliver specific pressure to face-piece
at certain pressures and hose length.
‣ Must have breathing couplings that are
incompatible with outlets for other worksite
air or gas systems so no asphyxiating
substance can be introduced into breathing
air lines.
29 CFR 1910.134 (i)
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
148
Air Compressors
‣ Must minimize moisture content so dew point
at 1 atmosphere pressure is 10 degrees F
(5.56 C) below the ambient temperature.
‣ Must have a “change date” tag maintained at
the compressor.
‣ Must have suitable in-line purifying sorbent
beds and filters to further ensure breathing air
quality.
29 CFR 1910.134 (i) (5)
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
149
Air Compressors
‣ Non oil-lubricated, CO levels in the breathing
air should not exceed 10 ppm.
‣ Oil-lubricated compressors will have high
temperature and/or CO alarms.
29 CFR 1910.134 (i) (6-7)
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
150
Breather Box
‣ Breathing air is processed
through the compressor and
is filtered by the breather
box which maintains the air
at a Grade D or better level.
‣ Alarms will sound if the air
falls below the prescribed
level for Grade D air.
29 CFR 1910.134 (i) (6-7)
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
151
Air Cylinders
‣ Must be tested and maintained to meet DOT
(49CFR Part 173 and 178) standards.
‣ Must have a certificate of analysis from the
supplier that the air meets Grade D
requirements.
29 CFR 1910.134 (i) (4) (i-ii)
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
152
Air Cylinders
‣ Moisture content in the cylinder should not
exceed a dew point of -50 degrees F at 1
atmosphere pressure.
‣ The system must be equipped with a
pressure gauge and one-way check valves
between cylinders.
29 CFR 1910.134 (i) (4) (iii)
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
153
Escape Respirator
‣ A respirator intended to
be used only for
emergency exit.
‣ Respirators provided for
escape from IDLH
atmospheres shall be
NIOSH-certified for the
atmosphere in which they
will be used.
29 CFR 1910.134 (d) (2) (ii)
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
154
State of Alaska Standards
(1) Station a competent employee outside of
the work area to monitor and attend the
compressor and other equipment that supplies
air.
OR
(2) Employ a compressed air system that
includes alarms for compressor failure and
overheating.
8AAC 61.1030
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
155
North Slope Training Cooperative
SAR Hose Line and
Connectors
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
156
Hose Line and Connectors
‣ NIOSH 42 CFR 84 specifies that pressure
shall not exceed 125 psi at the point where
the hose attaches to the air supply.
‣ Hose length cannot exceed 300’ total with a
maximum of three 100 ft. sections.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
157
Hose Line and Connectors
‣ Hose connectors come in multiple styles.
‣ Inspect connectors for dirt, smudge or oily
contamination, and clean if needed.
‣ Tape the connector securely to avoid
unlocking.
‣ Only place quick connectors at the respirator
and air source ends of the hose.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
158
North Slope Training Cooperative
SAR Considerations
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
159
SAR
Advantages
SAR
Limitations
Can work for long, continuous
periods
Loss of the air source (kink in hose,
compressor failure, depletion of air in
cylinder = loss of protection )
Minimal breathing resistance
Potential for CO buildup; can’t be use in
IDLH conditions
Minimal discomfort
System air pressures determine number of
workers and hose lengths
Light weight
Wearer’s mobility restricted; hoses
cumbersome
Low bulk
Potential for connecting to the wrong air
source
Moderate initial cost
Dry air flow may cause throat irritations
Less fogging
Air purification depends on filtration system
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
160
General Safety
‣ Prior to wearing a SAR, workers must pass
their medical evaluation.
‣ Workers must receive
‣ Training in proper SAR use and selection.
‣ Training on SAR inspection, cleaning and
storage.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
161
General Safety
‣ SAR users require annual refresher training
‣ Worker personal safety
‣ Protection of worker’s head and neck
‣ Environmental conditions
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
162
North Slope Training Cooperative
SAR Exercises and
Summary
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
163
Exercise I: Pre-Operation
Inspection
‣ Apply air hoses
‣ Quick connect couplers
‣ Air supply
‣ Emergency escape air
cylinder
‣ Face-piece assembly
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
164
Exercise II: Donning the
SAR
‣ Put on the harness
‣ Adjust the head strap
‣ Adjust the face-piece
‣ Connect the regulator to the face piece
‣ Walk down the system to verify the airline
hose is connected to the air source.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
165
Exercise III: Doffing the
SAR
‣ Safe environment
‣ Compressor and pressure
‣ Head straps
‣ Face-piece
‣ Respirator supply hose from filtration system
‣ Airline hose
‣ Harness
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
166
Module IV: Summary
‣ Know the conditions, advantages and
limitations requiring an SAR.
‣ Know all the components and how an SAR
functions.
‣ Know the steps for donning, doffing,
inspection, cleaning, maintenance and
storage of an SAR.
©1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.
Course Number NSTC-11
167
North Slope Training Cooperative
Respiratory Protection
Course No. NSTC-11
© 1997-2010 North Slope Training Cooperative—revised 2010. All rights reserved.