Canadian Light Source Inc.
Our National Synchrotron Research Facility
University of Saskatchewan
www.lightsource.ca
Partnerships & Governance
National Synchrotron Research Institutes…
(academic, gov’t & industry collaboration)
Synchrotron Project
Canadian Light Source Inc.
(build, commission, & academic leadership)
(operate & develop additional beamlines)
USask Board of Governors
CLSI Board of Directors
University of Saskatchewan
Innovation at the speed of light…
Beautiful riverside campus in the heart of Canada…
20,000 students… City of Saskatoon (225,000)
Innovation Place successful bio-R&D park… national
leadership in bio-innovation & bio-informatics
National leader in diversity & comprehensive Life
Sciences research (ag, vet, bio-tech, enviro, health)
International leader in Agriculture, Bio-technology, &
Environmental research & teaching
Only global university campus with a dozen life sciences
research agencies, bio-R&D park, & a new synchrotron!
Innovation
Place
Campus map
N
USask
Campus
CLSI
How do Scientists find out about things?
What do you do to find out about anything?



Ask questions… ask a teacher… go to the library…
Experiment by touching, tasting, smelling, listening or
“looking around”
Seeing uses LIGHT… the brighter the light, the more detailed
the information available
Synchrotrons produce extremely brilliant light




allows advanced technology microscopes
providing molecular level images
extensive chemical information
characterize the nature & structure of materials
Why Synchrotron Analysis?
Molecular level details – extremely brilliant source of photons
 Orders of magnitude higher resolution (spatial & photon)
 Dynamic studies in pressure, temperature, pH, gas
Cost-effective – in-situ, time resolved studies, trace element
analysis
 Higher sample handling & data acquisition rates (smaller
crystals)
 Reduced sample prep. & intermediate chemistry processing
Unique alternative analysis techniques
 Protein crystallography; MEMS; aqueous/amorphous
 Speciation of heavy metals (such as in mine tailings)
Light lets you see!
Interaction of light with matter is very simple,
that’s why scientists use it.
How is light used to “look” at matter?
Light interacting with the surface of a sample does
one of three things. The light is…




Absorbed
Reflected or Scattered
Refracted into frequency sub-components
And more …
1.E+22
1.E+20
“Brightness”
Synchrotron
Light
1.E+18
Photons/sec/mm
2
1.E+16
1.E+14
Millions of times
brighter than
sunlight!
1.E+12
1.E+10
1.E+08
1.E+06
1.E+04
1895
1920
1940
1960
1980
2000
Electromagnetic Spectrum
millimetre
micron
angstrom
How are different types of light selected?
longer wavelengths (red)
are bent less than
shorter wavelengths (violet)
Much like a prism bends sunlight into its
different colours, beamlines select synchrotron
light into frequency components
Canadian Light Source Inc. Vision
To advance Canadian scientific and
industrial capabilities by operating the
Canadian Light Source facility as the
national synchrotron research and
development centre of excellence.
The Canadian Light Source Facility
Synchrotron Hall, Main Floor
Older Systems; Newer Facilities; & Pending
CLSI
USA x2 +1
Germany
ESRF
Sweden +1
Switzerland
Italy
UK & France
Spain
Japan +1
Taiwan
Korea
China
Australia
1. E-gun &
Linear Accelerator
Synchrotron
Operations
Electron Gun
Electron Gun
E-gun uses 220,000 V DC power to heat up a
tungsten oxide “button” which emits a
small stream of electrons into a vacuum
tube.
These electrons are sped up in the linear
accelerator to nearly the speed of light
using microwave technology.
1. E-gun &
Linear Accelerator
Synchrotron
Operations
2. Transfer Line
& Booster Ring
Transfer Line
Booster Ring
Booster Ring
The beam of electrons that enters the
booster ring is roughly the same thickness
as a human hair
In the booster ring microwaves further
accelerate the power of the electron stream
from 250 meV to 2900 meV (equivalent to 2
billion flashlight batteries)
1. E-gun &
Linear Accelerator
Synchrotron
Operations
2. Transfer Line
& Booster Ring
3. Storage Ring
Storage Ring
Storage Ring
The electrons circulate around the storage
ring where large magnets manipulate and
bend them
A natural result of these manipulations is
extremely brilliant light called …
Synchrotron Light
Synchrotron Magnets
From: Synchrotron Radiation Sources A Primer, H. Winick, 1994
1. E-gun &
Linear Accelerator
Synchrotron
Operations
2. Transfer Line
& Booster Ring
3. Storage Ring
4. Beamlines &
End Stations
Notional Beamline & End Station Layout
ASI
Beam Lines
Beams of synchrotron light are filtered to
select the appropriate wavelength to
answer specific questions.
Scientists can observe the interaction
between the light and the molecules in
samples.
Incredible amounts of data can be recorded
from these experiments.
Beamline pix
Brett Moldovan U of S/Cameco
First Light – photo taken Dec 9th
Applications
Advanced Materials
Hybrid materials Stress Transistors Foams



Coatings, fibers, polymers, tires, fuel cells,
pulp/paper, welding
IT, storage, semi-conductors, sensors
Micro-electrical-mechanical-optical-fluidic
systems (nano-enabling)
Materials… Antiwear Films
R–O
S
P
R–O
Zn
S
O–R
S
P
S
O–R
Zn Dialkyl dithiphosphate
(R = Alkyl or Aryl)
Decomposes on metal surfaces in sliding contact
ZDDP  Polyphosphates + Sulfides



Anti-wear & Anti-oxidant
Reduces friction, wear & corrosion
Improving environmental additives of lubricants
Materials… Anti-wear Films
Low earth orbit is a
harsh environment.
Synchrotrons help
research chemistry for
self-healing satellite
coatings (Phosphorus
based coating react with
atomic Oxygen to form a
glass film)
Materials… Better Paints
Airplanes last longer with
higher quality paints
DND
Synchrotron research can
assist in designing paints &
coatings that reduce corrosion
Heiney & Butera, DND
Materials…Nano-technology
Can micro-machines make our lives
better?
Sandia National Labs
UW-Madison
Applications
Environmental Geo-chemistry
Earth Sciences Geology



Bio-availability, foods, stability analysis,
industrial processing
Oil tribology, corrosion, soils in situ,
fingerprinting, energy
Remediation assessments, mining, waste
management
Environmental…
What is the nature of heavy metals in mine tailings?
Arsenic?
Lead?
Synchrotron light can
analyze exact forms of
heavy metals, to
demonstrate stability or
bio-availability, & the
potential to leach into
ground water
Selenium?
Brett Moldovan U of S/Cameco
… Clean-up!
Applications
Life Sciences & Pharmaceutical
Health Agriculture Biotech



Designer molecules for next generation drugs
Biomedical imaging; cell chemistry; implantable
devices
Genome & proteomics; treatment therapies
“Biology of Systems”
Function of Protein Molecules in Cells
ESRF
Hemoglobin Studies
Thousands of atoms in hemoglobin
molecules “communicate” with each other,
using vibrational energy – to know when to
“drop off” or “pick up” oxygen molecules
STCC Foundation Press
Functionality of Proteins; Proteomics
Overactive PCK protein
increases glucose production
in diabetes
Carbohydrate binding protein
used to identify O-type blood
Dr Gerald Audette, USask
Applications in Plant Sciences
Study of structure and function of plant
proteins
 Analyzing structural and chemical features
in plants and grain.
 Distribution patterns of minerals in healthy
and sick plants
 Chemistry of toxic elements in plants

Protein Crystallography – Bt proteins
Spruce budworm
Choristoneura fumiferana
Spruce budworm, the most important spruce
defoliator in Canada and the Northern USA
can be killed with Cry1Aa Bt endotoxin protein
Grochulski and Masson 2003
Chemical Composition of Barley
Barley (Harrington 2000-BI-704)
1510 cm-1 lignan
1650 cm-1 amide I
1180-1000 cm-1 total CHO
1246 cm-1 cellulose
1738 cm-1 lipid (C=O ester)
Light Microscope False Colour
Image
Intensity Map
SSIADF
3D
Intensity Map
IR Spectra
Individual Spot
False Colour Scale
Yu et al. 2003. J. Agric. Food Chem.
51: 6062-6067
Disease Resistance: Take-All
Results: Mn2+ in clear
agar, Mn4+ around dark
infected roots
Schulze et al., 1995
Medical Imaging in Europe
Original patient chair for
diagnostic, cellular scans,
& full-body treatments,
at ESRF in France
ESRF
Synchrotron Medical Imaging
X-ray Techniques of a Mouse Alveoli
SPring-8
Human Finger 900
Apparent Absorption
Energy = 20keV
Apparent Refraction
Dr. William Thomlinson, CLS
Initial Capital Funding – $140.9M
“New capital” portion of $173.5M total project value
Ontario
7%
Sask
18%
Alberta
7%
UofS
4%
City of
Saskatoon,
Sask Power,
Boehringer
Ingelheim,
UofA, UWO
4%
NRC/NRCan
6%
Canada
Western Diversification
16%
CFI
40%
CLSI types of “Customer Access”
Peer Reviewed Access (by project or block time)
Academic
Academic
self-serve; including
beamteam members
fee-for-service
Funded by Granting Councils
$$
Data
Consumables,
travel, admin
Academic Access
infers
“Intent to Publish”
First-come-first-served
Commercial
Collaborations
Commercial
Proprietary
academic, gov’t, industry
Funding Sources Reviewed
May also recover operations
costs & some overheads
(case-by-case formulae…)
Full cost recoverable
Fee-for-service price,
quick-response, dedicated
“FedEx” turn-key model
Collaborations
intend to selectively publish,
with some controls
(IP & processes in agreements)
Fully Confidential;
IP Owned by industry;
“buying photons”…
up to turn-key services
Follow-up Opportunities
Encourage national & international participation



BC, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario, Québec (others pending)
Suggest technical questions, & research abstracts
Distribute promotional brochures, web site referals
Invite to presentations, conferences, seminars




Technical & specialist briefings by arrangement
Consider possibilities for “demonstration science” & training
Join a Beamteam, or the Users Advisory Committee (UAC)
Encourage visits to CLSI… Annual Users Meeting in November
Stay informed… www.lightsource.ca
Sign-up to receive CLSI e-newsletter
Educational Outreach
Place synchrotron science “on the agenda”
Web development
 Curriculum linkages (multi-disciplinary)
 Competitions & recognition
 Science projects option list; mentors
 Classroom materials
 Demonstration animations
 Saskatoon Science Centre

Caffeine Molecule
C8H10N4O
2
Canadian Light Source Inc.
Our National Synchrotron Research Facility
University of Saskatchewan
www.lightsource.ca