Carbon Nanocapsules
The Application for Lighting
Dr. Haley H. Lu (盧鴻智 博士)
PhD from NTU Electro-Optical Engineering
R&D Director of TCY-Tech Power Energy Limited
The Emerging Trends of Lighting
Evolution of Lighting
Why LED ?
 Lower Energy Consumption
 consumes only 20~ 30% of incandescent lamps,
50% of halogen lamps.
 Longer Life Span
 50000 ~ 100000 hours (10-12 years)
 Lower Light Decay
 A well managed LED light has less than 5% light
decay after thousands of hours operation.
 Environmental Friendly
 No Filament – No Gas - No Mercury - No UV rays No Plumbum - No Hazardous Substance
Why LED ?
 Eye – Protective
 LED lighting is free from strobe flash lighting that
incandescent lamps and other lamps have.
 High Brightness
 A more vivid color of lighting, giving clearer
images than low brightness lamps
 Wide Color Temperatures
 Warm white, Cool White, RGB, Ranging from
2700K – 7000K
LED Key Factors
Key Factors of LED Lighting
 Constant Current Driver Technology
 Power Factor
 Efficiency
 Stability in static current driving
 Light Decay
 Maintenance of brightness at a longer period
 Heat Dissipation
 Maintaining LED junction temperature at low to
increase its lifespan
 Cost
 To be Economical in Mass Application
Heat Dissipation Issue Impacts
 LED operation temperature rise with 2 major impacts:
(1) Decrease luminance (LV)
(2) Decrease LED Lifespan
Luminance decrease example (For x-brand LED Chip):
While Tj is 25℃(typical ambient temp.), the luminance (LV) is 100%
Tj rises to 75℃ LV reduced to 93%
Tj reaches to 115℃ LV reduces to 85%
Tj reaches to 125℃ LV reduces to 83%
Tj reaches to 150℃ LV only 80%
LED Junction Temperature &
Lifespan Relationship
W
Lower Tj
30,000
Tj v.s. LED life time (hrs)
> 50,000
How to Disperse Excess Heat?
 Radiation/Convection;
 Passive/active energy transmission into immediate
environment
 Conduction;




External heat-sink: Copper “ladder” add-on frame
Internal heat-sink: (Copper-INVAR-Copper)
Thermally conductive substrate (non-metallic)
Thermally conductive insulated metal substrate (IMS)
Heat Dispersion by Heat Sink
Passive
Active
Disadvantage of Active Heat Sink
Expensive
Boggy
Disadvantage of Passive Heat Sink
Boggy
Depends on
Thermal Convection
Carbon Nanocapsules Solution
Traditional Coating Materials
Ceramic
Boron Nitride, BN
Silicon Carbide, SC
Normally, reducing 3~5 ℃
Carbon Nanocapsules (CNCs)
 A CNCs is made up of concentric layers of
polyhedral closed graphitic sheets, leaving a nanoscale cavity in its center.
 The size of the CNCs ranges from a few to several
tens of nanometers, roughly the same as the
diameters of multiwall carbon nanotubes.
 It can also be filled with metal, transitional metals or
rare earth elements to exhibit unique photonic,
magnetic and electrical properties and have
molecular structures that can be readily
functionalized for a variety of applications
Properties
 Structure: Multi-Graphene Layers
 Size: d = 10~60 nm
 Aspect ratio: 1~2
 Thermal Stability (O2): ＞600ºC
 Dispersion: Easy, after surface functionalized
(40mg/ml)
 Disperse in: both organic and water based
solvents/materials
 Radical Quenching Rate-(OH) (g/L)-1 s-1 : 1.16 × 108
 Electric Conductivity（RT）: 102 ~ 103 S/cm2
 Thermal Conductivity（RT）: ~1600 w/mk
Radiation Heat Dissipation
Technology for LED
Increasing The Radiative
Capability of Normal Heat Sink
Convection
Convection
Heat Sink
Heat Sink
Conduction
Conduction
Heat Source
Heat Source
Without Coating
With Coating
Traditional
vs CNCs Coating
 Aluminum Heat Sink
 Aluminum Thin Plate
(40%~60% of the BOM
cost)
 Boggy
with CNCs Coating
(30% of the BOM
Cost)
 Thinner
Or
 Different Design for
Higher Power
 Same Design for
Higher Power
Increasing The Radiative
Capability of Normal Heat Sink
Up to 96%
Heat Dissipation Improvement
by CNCs Coating
14 W LED Module
Font View
Rear View
With Coating
Without Coating
The Heat dispatching
efficiency is the same
Test Report
Test Report
Without Coating
With Coating
Comparison of
Conventional LED and Spiral Bulbs
Price
Luminous Efficiency
(lm/w)
Max Luminance (lm)
Spiral Bulbs
LED Lamps
1
2~3 ×
60~70
(Expensive)
70-80
(Power Consumption)
>1500
<800
(Not Brightness Enough)
Lifespan (hrs)
6,000
(Shorter Lifespan)
50,000
Does the LED Lamps have
50,000 Hours Lifespan Real ?
50,000 Hours Lifespan
LED Chip
Not LED Lamps
LED Lamps = Chip + Driver + Heatsink +
Parabolic Reflector + Lens +
Package
The 50,000 hours lifespan is estimated not REAL !
Do not be fooled!
LED Lamps Lifespan Estimation
Environmental Protection
Agency & Department of
Energy, USA
LM-80 Test Data
TM-21 Estimation Method
Test Time
: 6,000 ~10,000 hrs
Sampling Interval : 1,000 hrs
The real test is just about 1~1.5 years.
Consumer always say:
“ Why is the LED so easily broken?
Light Ripple
Non-high temperature
Traditional LED
LED Lamps Improvement
Without Coating
Luminous efficiency
(lm/w)
15W LED Lamps
Lamps Number
with Same
Luminance
Lifespan (hrs)
65
975 lm
With Coating
100
1500 lm
3
2
85,000
113,000
Product Excellence of
TCY-Tech’s CNCs Film
Hardness
(1~10)
10:Diamond
9:Corundum
8:Topaz
7:Quartz
6:Orthoclase
Film Thickness
95% 6-9H
100% 20µm
Excellent CNCs Film Technology !
Thank You ！
EMI Shielding Effect
Temperature Measurement
Phosphoric Glue
Silicon
Substrate
Heat Dissipation
Film
LED T1 T2 T3
Radiative Heat Transmission
 Thermal radiation is generated when heat from the
movement of charges in the material is converted to
electromagnetic radiation.
 No medium is necessary for radiation to occur, for it
is transferred by electromagnetic waves; radiation
takes place even in and through a perfect vacuum。
 Since the amount of emitted radiation increases with
increasing temperature, a net transfer of energy from
higher temperatures to lower temperatures results.
Comparison