Chapter 7
REVIEW
Cellular
respiration
Process/Procedures
2a) Why are plants called producers?
2b) How does photosynthesis connect sunlight to energy needs
of plants and animals? Answer using a paragraph or labeled
diagram.
3) Why did we show you the burning of food?
4a) What do burning foods give off?
4b) How is burning the food similar to what happens in cellular
respiration?
4c) Why do you think burning different foods produces different
results?
5) Energy Budget in figure 7.16 shows what?
6a) What do you notice about the amount of energy transferred
from one organism to another?
6b) Can you think of another example where energy budget
might be used? Describe how this energy budget might look.
(Example: household)
Process/Procedures
2a) Plants called producers: produce their own food
2b) Plants meet their energy needs by making sugars (photosynthesis).
Animals meet their energy needs by eating plants and animals that eat
plants
3) Burning food helps determine amount of kilocalories in food items
4a) Burning foods give off heat energy
4b)Similar to Cell Resp. because both process and release energy stored
in food
4c) Different food store different amounts of Energy
5) 7.16 shows how much energy is transferred from one group to another
6a) Notice amount of energy between organisms is progressively less
from one source to another
6b)Household: Energy comes in electrical/gas. From the power
company and light energy this energy would be given off as light or
heat
Reflect
and
Connect
1. Complete the following tasks to show your understanding of
the biosynthesis and breakdown process
a) Use a T-table to list examples of the biosynthesis and
breakdown processes. List three examples of each.
b) Describe in a few sentences why biosynthesis and
breakdown processes are important for all organisms
Biosynthesis
Breakdown
Photosynthesis
cell respiration
Formation starch
digestion
From glucose
Formation of proteins
From amino acids
breakdown of glucose from glycogen
Formation of muscles
From proteins
breakdown of fatty acids from fats into
food
1b. Biosynthesis and breakdown reactions important: provide
energy and organic molecules that organisms need for
maintenance and growth
Reflect and Connect
2a.Sketch a similar diagram for an herbivore (7.20). Include
organic molecules, energy, and biosynthesis and breakdown
processes such as digestion and cellular respiration.
2b.Write a caption for your diagram. Your caption should be one
or more sentences long and briefly describe important parts of
your diagram
ATP
herbivore
plants
digestion
Breakdown
of plants
Used for maintenance
and growth
Sugar (glucose)
Amino acids
Organic
biosynthesis
Fatty acids
molecules
herbivore
Reflect and Connect
3. Why can food be considered a fuel?
Food can be considered a fuel because it contains
Chemical Energy
4. Is it possible for animals to survive without plants? Why or why
not?
Animals cannot survive without plants because animals
cannot make their own chemical energy. They get their
energy by eating other organisms
REVIEW
TIME
Cellular Respiration
Occurs in the cytosol/ cytoplasm
and the mitochondria
Mitochondria
Cytosol: jelly like substance in the
cytoplasm
Mitochondria: "cellular power
house“, they generate most of
the cell's supply of (ATP), used as
a source of chemical energy
http://lifeofplant.blogspot.com/2011/05/cytosol.html
AEROBIC AND ANEROBIC
RESPIRATION
Aerobic Respiration
• Requires Oxygen
• Has three cycles
• Glycolysis
• Krebs's Cycle
• Electron Transport
Chain
• Produces up to 38 ATP
• Takes place: in
Cytosol/cytoplasm and
mitochondria
• Outputs: carbon dioxide,
oxygen, ATP, water
Anaerobic Respiration
• Requires NO Oxygen
• Has ONE cycle
• Glycolysis
• Fermentation/lactic
acid
• Produces up to 2 ATP
• Takes place: in
Cytosol/cytoplasm
• Outputs: ATP
Cellular respiration
• Occurs within all living things plants and animals
• Is essential for survival
• Is the process of breaking down glucose for energy
6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Photosynthesis equation.
C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
Cellular Respiration Equation
• Photosynthesis uses light energy and carbon dioxide and
produces glucose
• Cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide and water and
releases energy
• Reactants are: water and glucose
Cellular respiration
Stages of Cellular Respiration:
1. Glycolysis (Both anaerobic and aerobic)
a)Located in the cytoplasm (cytosol)
b)Produces ATP
2. Kreb’s Cycle
a)with oxygen only
b)Located in mitochondria
c) Produces ATP, NADH, CO2
3. Electron Transport
a)With oxygen only
b)Located in the mitochondria
c) Produces ATP, water
Glycolysis
•
•
•
•
First stage cellular respiration
Occurs Cytosol/cytoplasm
Input: glucose (6-carbon sugar)
Output: two molecules of pyruvate (3-carbon sugar), small amount
of ATP and NADH
Krebs Cycle
•
•
•
•
•
Second stage cellular respiration
Only if oxygen is present (aerobic)
Occurs Mitochondria
Input: pyruvate (glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide)
Output: Carbon dioxide, NADH, ATP
•
•
•
•
Third stage cellular respiration
Only if oxygen is present (aerobic)
Occurs Mitochondria
Input: NADH (H atoms separate into hydrogen atoms and electrons. Most
ATP generated. As hydrogen atoms combine with oxygen gas they make
water)
Output: Water, ATP
Electron Transport Chain
•
Anaerobic Respiration
• Anaerobic respiration: oxygen NOT
required
• Glucose: pyruvate and small amount of
ATP
• ATP production ends glycolysis
• Pyruvate is converted into other
molecules
• Lactic acid and fermentation causes
muscle soreness and fatigue in
http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch09/anaerobic.html
Biosynthesis
• ATP provides energy for biosynthesis reactions
in cells
• Biosynthesis reactions form larger, more
complex molecules from less-complex
molecules
• Such as the formation of starch from
glucose
• Biosynthesis helps organisms to grow and
maintain their structure
FOOD CHAIN
Producer: Produces own food (plants)
Consumer: Cannot produce own food (animals)
Herbivore: Eat plants only (deer)
Carnivore: Eats only animals (wolf)
Omnivore: Eats plants and animals (bear)
Heterotroph: Include herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, they obtain
energy from other organisms living or dead (animals and fungi)
Autotrophs: obtain energy from nonliving source (plants and bacteria)