CHAPTER 3.1
MIXTURES
Their Uses
Mechanical Mixtures
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Has more than one type of particle
You can see the different substances in mechanical
mixtures.
Ex. Concrete
Other examples?
Solutions
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When two or more substances combine to form a
mixture that is uniform (looks the same
throughout)
Appears to contain only one kind of particle.
Examples: Shampoo and syrup.
Other examples?
Parts of Solutions
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Solute- is the substance that dissolves
Solvent- is the substance in which the solute
dissolves.
Solute and solvent combine to form a solution.
There is usually less solute than solvent in a
solution.
Iced tea - Crystals (solute or solvent?)
- Water (solute or solvent?)
Concentration
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Describes the amount of solute in a solution (what
is solute again??)
seen on the label of many products
Shown in many ways:
 g/L
most common which means mass of solute in 1L of
the solution
Solubility
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Describes how easily a solute will dissolve in a
solvent to make a solution
Soluble: when a substance will dissolve in a
solvent.
Insoluble: when a substance will NOT dissolve in
a solvent
Miscible vs. Immiscible
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Miscible: is capable of being mixed.
 Ex.
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Milk and water.
Immiscible: incapable of being mixed.
 Ex.
Fuel (gasoline) and water are immiscible
 Ex. Water and oil
Mixtures and Solutions
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Matter is made up of pure substances and mixtures
Pure substances are made up of elements and
compounds
Mixtures are made up of mechanical mixtures and
solutions.
Matter
Pure
Substance
element
compound
Mixture
mechanical
mixture
Organization of Matter
Flowchart
solution
Review: To remember solute vs. solvent
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Solute- the substance that dissolves
 Usually
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less of
Solvent- the substance that does the dissolves
 Usually
more of
Another Hint: “u” in solute comes before “v”
in solvent so your going to put solute in the
solvent. Solvent dissolves the solute.
Other Trick… use if you want
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Remembering Solute vs. Solvent:
 Solute
(6 letters long)
 Solvent (7 letters long)
 The solute is shorter/smaller/less of, if there is less of it,
it will dissolve
Purifying Water
Water treatment plants
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One method; add alum to impure water, bacteria
and dirt stick to alum and sink. Therefore easily
separated.
Another step uses a charcoal filter to remove
dissolved impurities
Lastly adding chlorine, kills any of the bacteria that
are still present.
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They are now using UV light to kill bacteria
Distillation
Distillation is a way to get clean water.
 Process in which water is boiled and the steam
is collected and it condenses to form pure water.
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Solar water
distiller
Separating Mixtures
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4 Main ways to separate mixtures:
 Straining
 ie.
(separation by size)
Using filter paper
 Using
a magnet (separates iron parts)
 Evaporation (sugar and water)
 Dissolving (sugar and sand)
Practice
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Page 44
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