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7.3
The periodic table is a map of the elements.
The periodic table has distinct regions.
reactive
metal
nonmetal
metalloid
radioactivity
Three regions are metals, metalloids, and nonmetals.
VISUALIZATION
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Watch how a radioactive
element decays over time.
half-life
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
7.2
Elements make up the periodic table.
Elements can be organized by similarities.
Groups of elements have similar properties.
atomic mass
Elements in a period have varying properties.
periodic table
group
period
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
7.1
Atoms are the smallest form of elements.
All matter is made of the atoms of approximately 100 elements.
proton
Atoms of elements contain
protons,
neutron
neutrons,
and electrons.
proton
nucleus
electron
nucleus
atomic number
atomic mass number
isotope
neutron
electron cloud
ion
CHAPTER
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SIMULATION
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Build a model of an atom.
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9.3
Chemical reactions involve energy changes.
• Different bonds contain different amounts of energy.
• In an exothermic reaction, more energy is released than
added.
• In an endothermic reaction, more energy is added than
released.
VISUALIZATION
bond energy
exothermic reaction
endothermic reaction
photosynthesis
View examples of
endothermic and
exothermic reactions.
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11.3
Carbon-based molecules are life’s building blocks.
There are four main types of carbon-based molecules in
living things.
carbohydrate
lipid
protein
Carbohydrates
•sugars and
starches
•energy for
cells
•plant cell walls
Lipids
Proteins
•fats and oils
•strings of amino
acids
•DNA and RNA
• used for
structure,
transport,
immune system,
enzymes
•code for amino
acids
•energy for cells
•cell
membranes
Nucleic Acids
enzyme
nucleic acid
•genetic code
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
11.2
Carbon-based molecules have many structures.
Carbon can form chains
and rings.
organic compound
inorganic compound
polymer
isomer
VISUALIZATION
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Observe and rotate threedimensional models of carbonbased molecules.
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8.2
Chemical bonds hold compounds together.
• Chemical bonds between atoms involve electrons.
• Atoms can transfer electrons.
ionic bond
• Atoms can share electrons.
covalent bond
• Chemical bonds give all materials their structure.
molecule
polar covalent bond
VISUALIZATON
Examine how electrons move
in a polar covalent molecule.
VISUALIZATION
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Watch an animation showing
ionic and covalent bonding.
CHAPTER
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OUTLINE
12.2
Earth rotates on a tilted axis and orbits the Sun.
Earth’s rotation in sunlight
causes day and night.
The changing angles of
sunlight on Earth cause
seasons.
axis of rotation
revolution
season
equinox
solstice
VISUALIZATION
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Find out how sunlight
affects the temperature in
different places at
different times of year.
CHAPTER
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OUTLINE
1.1
An object in motion changes position.
Position is measured from a reference point.
Motion is measured relative to an observer.
position
reference point
motion
VISUALIZATION
Learn how your motion
makes a difference in
what you observe.
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
2.1
Forces change motion.
Newton's first law
Objects at rest remain at rest, and objects in motion
remain in motion with the same velocity, unless
acted upon by an unbalanced force.
force
net force
Newton's first law
inertia
SIMULATION
Change the sizes and
directions of forces on an
object and predict how it
will move.
CHAPTER
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SECTION
OUTLINE
2.2
Force and mass determine acceleration.
Newton's second law
The acceleration of an object increases with
increased force and decreases with increased mass,
and is in the same direction as the force.
Newton's second law
centripetal force
SIMULATION
Explore Newton’s second
law.
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1.2
Speed measures how fast position changes.
• Speed is how fast positions change with time.
speed
velocity
00:00
Speed
=
distance
time
00:02
vector
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
distance
SECTION
OUTLINE
1.3
Acceleration measures how fast velocity changes.
acceleration
VISUALIZATION
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acceleration of an object
changes its motion.
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6.2
Temperature depends on particle movement.
• All particles in matter have kinetic energy.
• Temperature is the measurement of the average kinetic
energy of particles in an object.
• Temperature is commonly measured on the Fahrenheit or
Celsius scales.
• Particles in a warmer substance have a greater average
kinetic energy than particles in a cooler substance.
kinetic theory of matter
temperature
thermometer
VISUALIZATION
Explore how temperature
affects the speed of
particles.
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