Industrial Gases
By: Andrew Kubitschek, Andy Johnson VI, Ethan Richter
Industrial Gases
•
•
•
•
•
Industry
Commonly Used Basic Gases
Formulation
Environmental factors
Common Uses
Gas Industry
•
•
•
•
Industries net worth $17 billion
15 companies in Wisconsin
Employs about 60,000 American workers
Supplies products to industries that account for 42% of America’s Gross Domestic
Product
Source: http://www.americanchemistry.com/ProductsTechnology/Industrial-Gases/Industrial-Gases-Essential-Suppliers-to-the-US-Economy.pdf
How industrial gases are used
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Benefits patients in hospitals and at home
Helps clean the air
Creates cleaner transportation fuels
Helps purify water supplies
Enhances domestic energy production and efficiency
Powers space exploration
Ensures the safe transport and preservation of food
Enables advanced electronics
Commonly used basic gases
•
•
•
•
•
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Source:http://www.lindeus.com/internet.lg.lg.usa/en/images/Industrial%20gases%20in%20Chemistry138_7188.pdf
Oxygen and Hydrogen synthesis
http://scientificsentence.net/Chemistry/index.php?k
ey=yes&Integer=_electrolyse
Nitrogen Synthesis
• Air being around 78% nitrogen is a great place to get it.
• Air is then compressed and cooled, then transported to an insulated area
• The Nitrogen having a lower boiling point then the liquid oxygen is then
distilled out. Then compressed again without the oxygen.
http://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/education/ask/?quid=207
Carbon Monoxide Synthesis
• Producer gas: CO2 + C → 2 CO (ΔH = −221 kJ/mol)
• Water gas: H2O + C → H2 + CO (ΔH = +131 kJ/mol)
• By product of Metal oxides: MO + C → M + CO
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide#Industrial_production
Carbon Dioxide Synthesis
• Side product of the industrial production of ammonia and hydrogen.
• Side product of fuel combustion (not normally recovered)
• Product of breathing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide
Machinery
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O59GtNFJOGo
Reactions
Reactions 2
Making Industry Greener
•
•
•
•
Uses for oxygen in oil refineries.
A. Increased plant capacity.
B. Higher oxidation temperatures.
C. Reduced load on off-gas treatment systems due to lower concentration of
inert nitrogen.
• D. New plants can be built smaller.
Making industry Greener cont…
•
•
•
•
Hydrogen for oil refineries.
A. steam reforming of methane.
B. Gasification of oil refining residues and recovery from synthesis gas.
C. Recovery from refinery off-gases.
Common Uses
• Nitrogen
• Ammonia synthesis (NH3)
• Chemicals
• Oil and Gas Extraction (AOR)
• Electronics
• Primary Metals Manufacture
Common Uses
• Oxygen
• Primary Metals Production
• Chemicals and Gasification
• Medicine
• Oxyacetylene Welding
• C2H2 (g) + 5O2 (g)  4CO2 (g) + 2H2O(g) + ∆
Common Uses
• Hydrogen
• Ammonia synthesis (Haber process)
• Methanol manufacture
• (1) 2CH4 (g)+ ½ O2 (g)  CO (g) + CO2 (g) + 7H2 (synthesis gas)
• (2) CO (g) + CO2 (g) + 7H2  2CH3OH (g) + 2H2 (g) +H2O (g)
Common Uses
• Carbon Dioxide
• Food Industry
• Beverage Carbonation
• Oil and Gas Recovery
• Chemical Manufacture
References
• : http://www.americanchemistry.com/ProductsTechnology/Industrial-Gases/Industrial-GasesEssential-Suppliers-to-the-US-Economy.pdf
• www.lindeus.com/internet.lg.lg.usa/en/images/Industrial%20gases%20in%20Chemistry138_718
8.pdf
•
•
•
•
•
http://scientificsentence.net/Chemistry/index.php?key=yes&Integer=_electrolyse
http://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/education/ask/?quid=207
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide#Industrial_production
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O59GtNFJOGo