Objective
Students will be able to compare and
contrast autotroph and hetertroph and
explain what ATP is.
8-1
Energy and Life
Saving for a Rainy Day
Suppose you earned extra money by having a parttime job. At first, you might be tempted to spend
all of the money, but then you decide to open a
bank account.
1. What are the benefits of having a bank account?
2. What do you have to do if you need some of this
money?
3. What might your body do when it has more
energy than it needs to carry out its activities?
4. What does your body do when it needs energy?
8-1 Vocabulary
ENERGY
Autotrophorganism that can get energy from
sunlight and use it to produce its own food;
also called a producer
________ and _______ are two examples
of autrotrophs that get _______ from
________.
Word bank:
the sun
energy
plants
animals
other animals
fungi
Think
Pair
Share
1) What is an autotroph need for energy?
2) Give an example of an autrotroph
Autotrophs need
_________.
An example of an
autotroph is ________
Together, explain what an autrotroph is.
Heterotrophorganism that obtains energy from the
foods it consumes; also called a consumer
A ___________ is a heterotroph; it needs
to ______ other ________ to get _______.
Think
Pair
Share
1) What does a heterotroph need for energy?
2)Give an example of a heterotroph
Heterotrophs need
_________.
An example of a
heterotroph is
________
Together, explain what a heterotroph is.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) –
chemical compounds that living things use
to store energy.
ATP acts like a __________ it stores
_______.
for
&
Think
Pair
Share
1) Describe ATP in ONE WORD
2) Describe a time when you used ATP.
ATP can be described
as __________
A time that I would
need ATP would be
________
Together, explain the function of ATP
8-1 Energy and Life
1. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
a. Autotrophs: organisms, like plants, that
use light energy from the sun to produce
their own food Because plants can “manufacture” their
own energy directly, they are self-sufficient.
b. Heterotrophs: organisms that obtain
energy from foods they consume
All other forms of life, such as humans, animals, insects and even
bacteria, depend on other living things for sustenance.
Think
Pair
Share
A) Discuss questions 1 &2 on your notes with
partner B
B) Discuss questions 3 & 4 with partner A
Question 1 & 2
Question 3 & 4
Together, explain what an autotroph is and a heterotroph.
Heterotroph or Autotroph?
8-1 Energy and Life
2. Chemical Energy and ATP
a. The cell’s activities are powered by
chemical fuels
i.
ATP is a compound that living things use to store
energy
ii. ADP is the compound used to store energy in cells
i. It can hold one more phosphate when energy is
needed
ii. Energy is released when ATP converts to ADP
Adenine
Ribose
3 Phosphate groups
Figure 8-3 Comparison of ADP and
ATP to a Battery
Section 8-1
ADP
ATP
Energy
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate
Partially
charged
battery
Go to
Section:
Energy
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Fully
charged
battery
Figure 8-3 Comparison of ADP and
ATP to a Battery
Section 8-1
ADP
ATP
Energy
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate
Partially
charged
battery
Go to
Section:
Energy
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Fully
charged
battery
8-1 Energy and Life
b. ATP and Glucose
a. Most cells only have a small amount of ATP,
enough to last for only a few seconds of
activity because it is not good for storing
large amounts of energy for long periods of
time
a. Glucose stores more than 90 times the
energy of a molecule of ATP
b. Cells can regenerate ATP from ADP as
needed by using the energy in
carbohydrates, like glucose
Think
Pair
Share
Describe a time when you use ATP?
I would use ATP when I ______________
Together, explain ATP.
Potato A: Tell your partner when you have used ATP.
Pota-toe B: Tell your partner what you heard them say
about when they used ATP.
You have 30 seconds!
Sentence Stem for POTA-TOE B:
I heard you say that you used ATP when
you____________
Pota-toe B: Tell your partner when you used ATP.
Potato A: Tell your partner what you heard them say
about when they used ATP.
You have 30 seconds!
Sentence Stem for POTATO A:
I heard you say that you used ATP when
you ____________
8-2 / 8-3
Photosynthesis:
An Overview
Ag Fact: Tonight is Report card Night, if
you bring your parents, you will receive
FFA activity Credit.
Objective: I will be able to memorize
the photosynthesis equation
8-2 Interest Grabber Trapping Energy
Have you ever used a solar-powered calculator? No
matter where you go, as long as you have a light
source, the calculator works. You never have to put
batteries in it.
1. A solar-powered calculator uses solar cells that are found in
rows along the top of the calculator. Into what kind of energy
is the light energy converted so that the calculator works?
2. Recall that plants use light energy from the sun to make
food. Into what kind of energy is the light energy converted
by plants?
3. Most plants, no matter what size or shape they are, have
some parts that are green. Which parts of a plant are
usually green?
4. What does the green color have to do with the plant’s
ability to convert light energy into the energy found in the
food it makes?
8-2 Vocabulary
Photosynthesisprocess where plants use light energy to
convert water and carbon dioxide into
oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates
________ go through photosynthesis in
order to get ___________.
6CO2 + 6H2O
Light
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Think
Pair
Share
1) What do plants take in during photosynthesis?
2) What do plants give out after photosynthesis?
Plants take in _____
and ______.
Plants give out _____
and ______.
Together, explain photosynthesis equation
Pigmentlight-absorbing colored molecule
_________ is the pigment of my shirt.
_________ is the pigment in plants.
Chlorophyllpigment of plants; capture light energy
Chlorophyll absorbs all colors except
green. Green is reflected back and that is
why plants are green.
Think
Pair
Share
•Pigment Definition
•Pigment Sentence
•Chlorophyll Sentence
•Chlorophyll Definition
Together, compare and contrast pigment and chlorophyll
ThylakoidSaclike body in chloroplasts made of
photosynthetic membranes that contain
photosystems.
Thylakoids _______ the ______ of
sunlight.
Think
Pair
Share
1) Where are thylakoids found in?
2) What do they take in?
Thylakoids are found
in _____
Thylakoids take in
_______
Together, explain the what thylakoids do for the cholorplast
8-2/8-3 Photosynthesis Notes
1. The Photosynthesis Equation
a. Photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight
to convert carbon dioxide and water into
high-energy sugar and oxygen
i.
6C02 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 +602
 Chemically:
Green Plant
6C02 + 6H2O
( Carbon dioxide + Water
Light Energy
C6H12O6 +602
Sugar + Oxygen)
 Written:
“Six molecules of carbon dioxide plus six molecules of water combine in the
presence of a green plant and light energy to form one molecule of sugar and
six molecules of oxygen.”
Left Side Questions:
1) Explain photosynthesis
2) What are the reactants &
products of photosynthesis
Essential Question:
Explain the reactants and products in photosynthesis
Left Side Question #1
Potato A: Explain photosynthesis.
Pota-toe B: Tell your partner what you heard them say
about photosynthesis.
You have 30 seconds!
Sentence Stem for POTA-TOE B:
I heard you say that photosynthesis is
___________.
Left Side Question #2
Pota-toe B: Tell your partner the reactants & products in
photosynthesis.
Potato A: Tell your partner what you heard them say the
reactant and products are in photosynthesis.
You have 30 seconds!
Sentence Stem for POTATO A:
I heard you say that the reactants in
photosynthesis are _______.
I heard you say that the products in
photosynthesis are _______.
8-2/8-3 Photosynthesis
2. Light and Pigments
a. In addition to water and carbon dioxide,
photosynthesis requires light and chlorophyll, a
molecule in chloroplasts
b. Plants gather the sun’s energy with lightabsorbing molecules called pigments
a. The principal pigment is chlorophyll
b. Energy molecules released from the reaction
are ATP & NADPH
Figure 8-5 Chlorophyll Light
Absorption
Section 8-2
Absorption of Light by
Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a
V
Go to
Section:
B
G
YO
R
8-2/8-3 Photosynthesis
3. Inside a Chloroplast
a. Chloroplasts contain saclike
photosynthetic membranes call
thylakoids arranged in stacks
b. The thylakoids contain clusters of
chlorophyll and other pigments and
protein known as photosystems
c. There are two stages to photosynthesis
used to make glucose
i.
Light-dependent reactions: take place in the
thylakoid
ii. Light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle): takes
place in the stroma, outside the thylakoid
Left Side Questions:
3) Explain what is found inside
the choroloplast
4) Describe the two stages of
photosynthesis
Essential Question:
What organelle collects the sun’s energy?
Left Side Question #4
Potato A: Describe one of the photosynthesis stages.
Pota-toe B: Tell your partner what you heard them say
about that photosynthesis stage.
You have 30 seconds!
Sentence Stem for POTA-TOE B:
I heard you say that ___________.
Left Side Question #4
Pota-toe B : Describe the other photosynthesis stage.
Potato A: Tell your partner what you heard them say
about that photosynthesis stage.
You have 30 seconds!
Sentence Stem for Potato A:
I heard you say that ___________.
Photosynthesis: Reactants and
Products
Section 8-2
Light Energy
Chloroplast
CO2 + H2O
Go to
Section:
Sugars + O2
8-3
Light-Dependent Reactions
& Calvin Cycle
Question of the day: What are the
products of photosynthesis?
Objective: I will be able to list the two
main steps of photosynthesis and the
location of the two main steps
8-3 Vocabulary
Stromaarea outside the thylakoid membranes in
chloroplasts
The stroma is the _______ outside the
_________ membranes. The Calvin
Cycle takes place here.
Think
Pair
Share
1) Where is the stroma found in?
2) What process do they help with?
Stomas are found in
_____
They help with
_______
Together, explain the what stromas do for the cholorplast
NADP+ (Nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide) –
carrier molecules that transfer high-energy
electrons from chlorophyll to other
molecules.
NADP+ carries high - _______ electrons
to ________ molecules.
Ex: Moving coal from a
fireplace/campfire. You wouldn’t use
your hands, you would use a bucket to
carry the coals (NADP+ is the bucket)
Think
Pair
Share
1) Describe NADP in ONE WORD.
NADP can be described as _____
Together, explain the similarities between ATP and NADP
Light-dependent reactionreactions of photosynthesis that use
energy from light to produce ATP and
NADPH
Light- dependent reaction needs
________ to work. It takes place in the
__________.
Think
Pair
Share
1) Where does Light-Dependent Reactions take
place?
Light Dependent Reactions take place in the
__________
Together, identify where light dependent reactions take place.
ATP synthaselarge protein that uses energy from H+
ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group
together to produce ATP
ADP + P = ATP
ATP
ADP
ENERGY
Think
Pair
Share
1) How do you make ADP into ATP?
ADP is made into ATP by _____________.
Together, explain how ADP is converted into ATP.
Calvin Cyclereactions of photosynthesis in which
energy from ATP and NADPH is used to
build high-energy compounds such as
sugars.
Calvin Cycle happens in the _________ of
the chloroplast. It makes _______.
Think
Pair
Share
1) Where does Light Dependent Reactions occur
in?
2) Where does the Calvin Cycle happen in?
Light-dependent
reaction happens in
the _______.
Calvin Cycle
happens in the
_______.
Together, identify where the Calvin Cycle and Light Dependent
Reaction Occur in..
8-3 Light-dependent Reactions
1. Light-Dependent Reactions
a. Light dependent reactions
produce oxygen gas and convert
ADP into energy carrier ATP
a. Water is split to produce H+ and
O2 (oxygen)
b. Light energy is converted into
chemical bond energy (ATP and
NADPH)
Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An
Overview
Section 8-3
H2O
Light
Chloroplast
NADP+
Chloroplast
ADP + P
LightDependent
Reactions
ATP
NADPH
O2
Go to
Section:
8-3 Calvin Cycle
2. The Calvin Cycle
CO2 Enters the Cycle
a.The Calvin Cycle uses energy from the lightdependent reactions to make sugars
b.As photosynthesis continues, the Calvin Cycle
runs, producing sugars while removing carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere
Energy Input
ChloropIast
5-Carbon
Molecules
Regenerated
6-Carbon Sugar
Produced
Sugars and other compounds
Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An
Overview
Section 8-3
CO2
Chloroplast
NADP+
ADP + P
Chloroplast
Calvin
Cycle
ATP
NADPH
Sugars
Go to
Section:
Concept Map
Section 8-3
Photosynthesis
includes
Lightdependent
reactions
Calvin cycle
use
take place in
Energy from
sunlight
Thylakoid
membranes
to produce
ATP
NADPH
O2
takes place in
Stroma
uses
ATP
NADPH
of
to produce
Chloroplasts
High-energy
sugars
Concept Map
Section 8-3
includes
use
to produce
takes place in
take place in
of
uses
to produce