Animal Cell
Organization
Learning the Parts
of a Cell
Cell Basics
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All living things are made of cells
There are trillions of cells in your body
New cells are constantly replacing old cells
Cells contain parts called organelles
Plant and animal cells are different but we
are going to focus on the animal cell
The Building Blocks of Life
Cells are small units that hold all of the biological equipment
needed to keep an organism alive
• Organization
• Carry Out Different Functions
• Hold Hereditary Information
The Different Parts
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Cell Membrane
Nucleus
DNA/Chromosomes
Proteins
Ribosomes
Vesicles
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Complex
Vacuoles
Lysosomes
There are so many parts, how can
we learn them all?
Compare the parts of a cell to
something easier to understand
and more memorable!!
How about a Cookie Factory?
The Different Parts
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Factory Building Walls and Doors
Main Office
Cookies
Baking Ingredients
Cookie Recipe
Packages for Finished Cookies
Machinery and Ovens
Generator for Energy
Conveyor Belts
Machinery to Modify and Package
Jars to store ingredients
Trash system for waste
Factory Walls
Cookie Factory
• Surrounding border
Equivalent?
• Separates the inside
from the outside
• Has doors and windows
to move things in and
out
• Made of strong building
materials
Cell Membrane
• Surrounding border
• Separates the inside
from the outside
• Is semi-permeable and
has gates to move things
in and out
• Made up of a
phospholipid bilayer
phospholipid
The heads like water
(hydrophilic)
• Made of proteins and lipids
• The phospholipids make the
formation
• The proteins are found around
the holes
The tails do not like water
(hydrophobic)
These two layers are
what form the bilayer
phospholipid bilayer
Main Office
Cookie Factory
• The brain of the factory
Equivalent?
• Houses the top secret
recipe
• Controls the entire
cookie making process
of the factory
• Issues commands to the
factory
Nucleus
• The brain of the cell
• Houses the hereditary
material - DNA
• Controls eating,
movement and
reproduction of the cell
• Issues commands to the
cell
Cookies
Cookie Factory
Equivalent?
• Major compound of the
factory
• Essential for
continuance of factory
• Made from a list of
ingredients
Proteins
• Major compound of the
cell
• Essential for
continuance of cell
• Made from a list of
amino acids
Ingredients
Cookie Factory
Equivalent?
• Building blocks of
cookies
• Different combinations
make different cookies
Amino Acids
• Building blocks of
proteins
• Different combinations
make different proteins
Jars
Cookie Factory
Equivalent?
• Storage
containers of the
factory
• Store ingredients and
supplies
Vacuoles
• Storage bubbles of the
cell
• Store food and nutrients
REVIEW
What have we looked
at so far??
Match the following:
Jars
Proteins
Main Office
Vacuoles
Cookies
Ingredients
Cell Membrane
Amino Acids
Baking Machinery
Cookie Factory
• Cookie
makers
Equivalent?
• Put ingredients together
• Located in many places
throughout the factory
• Can be part of machinery
that mobilizes the
product with conveyor
belts or separate
Ribosomes
• Protein builders
• Build chains of amino
acids
• Located in many places
throughout the cell
• Can be on the
Endoplasmic Reticulum
or free floating
Conveyor Belts
Cookie Factory
• Transports the
Equivalent?
product
• Can send the
cookies to a storage
room
• Can send the
cookies to a packing
room
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
• Packaging system that
transports proteins
• Smooth ER – storage
organelle
• Rough ER – synthesis
and packaging of
proteins
Packaging
Machinery
Cookie Factory
Equivalent?
• Package several bags of
cookies into large boxes
for shipment
• Sends the boxes to
storage or out for
shipment to stores
Golgi Complex
• Gathers simple molecules
and combines them to
form larger, complex
molecules
• Stores the large molecules
in vesicles for later use or
to send them out
Boxes
Cookie Factory
Equivalent?
• Taken
off of the machinery
• Sent out for transportation
of the product
Vesicles
• Pinched off of the Golgi
membrane
• Sent out for
transportation of
materials
Waste Breakdown
and Recycle
Cookie Factory
Equivalent?
• Gets rid of waste
• Recycles reusable goods
• Cleans the factory
Lysosomes
• Gets rid of cell waste
through digestion
• Recycles nutrients and
proteins
• Cleans up the cell
Energy
Generator
Cookie Factory
Equivalent?
• System that creates energy
for the factory
• Number of generators in a
factory depends on how
much energy is needed
• “Powerhouse” that runs
the factory
Mitochondria
• System the creates
energy for the cell
• Number of mitochondria
in a cell depends on how
much energy is needed
• “Powerhouse” that runs
the cell
REVIEW II
More cell parts to
remember!
Replace the function with the name:
Protects cell from
the outside
Combines small molecules to
form larger molecules
Controls the cell
Protein builders
Responsible for cell energy
Transports materials
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondria
Golgi Complex
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Mighty Mitochondria
• Multiple mitochondria in
each cell
• Takes nutrients and breaks
them down into energy
• Can grow, move and
combine with other
mitochondria
• Responsible for 90% of
energy needed by the body
Without Mitochondria
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Cells would not have the energy to survive
Without cells, tissues die
Dead tissues result in organ failure
Without organs, our bodies would fail
Mitochondria
Cardiac muscle cell
Cardiac muscle tissue
Heart
Mitochondrial Diseases
Result from failures of the mitochondria
causing less energy to be generated
in the cell.
Symptoms
Mitochondria are very
important organelles!!
Mitochondria Quiz
The Parts Make the Whole
• All parts of the cell are important
• Cell could not survive without the system
• Just like the Cookie Factory