The Cells in Living Things
Unit A
Lesson 1
Objectives
Students will:
• Describe the characteristics of an
organism.
• Compare the parts of plant cells and
animal cells.
• Compare one-celled organisms.
• Describe how cells in a many-celled
organism work in groups.
Critical Thinking
What do you have in
common with an onion?
Both are living things.
What are Living Things
Living things share certain characteristics,
such as the basic needs for:
• Food
• Water
• A place to live
• Oxygen
What’s the purpose of
oxygen?
• Most living things use oxygen to turn
food into energy.
• Plants need oxygen to use the food
they make.
What are Living Things?
• Another characteristic that living
things share is that they are made up
of parts.
• Each part has a specific job to keep a
living thing alive.
What are Organisms?
•
Plants, people, and other animals are
organisms.
• Organisms come in all shapes and
sizes.
• An organism is a living thing that
carries out five basic life functions
on its own.
The Five Basic Life Functions
1. Living things grow and develop.
2. Living things use energy. They get
energy by eating or making food.
3. Living things reproduce, or make more
of their own kind.
4. Living things respond to the environment.
5. Living things get rid of waste.
Cells
Red-blood cells
•
Cheek cells
A cell is the smallest unit of living
matter.
• They are the building blocks of
living things.
• All living things are made of cells.
• All cells are not the same or alike.
Plant Cells
•
They are box-like.
•
Some contain chlorophyll
(green material).
•
When sunlight strikes
chlorophyll, the cell
can make food for
the plant.
•
All cells are not the
same or alike.
Animal Cells
•
They are not box-like.
•
They do not contain chlorophyll.
Comparing animal and plant cells
Animal Cells
Nucleus
Chromosomes
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Plant Cells
Nucleus
Chromosomes
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm’
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Cell Wall
Cell Wall
• A thick, stiff
structure that
protects and supports
the plant cell.
Mitochondrion
• The power plant
of the cell.
• Food is burned
here to give the
cell energy.
Chloroplast
• The plant cell’s
food factory
• It contains
chlorophyll.
• Chlorophyll gives
plants it green
color.
Cytoplasm
• The jellylike
substance that
fills the cell.
• It is mostly
water.
Nucleus
• One of the
largest parts of
the cell.
• It controls cell
activities.
Chromosomes
• The threadlike
structure that
control an
organism’s traits.
Females have 2 X’s
This chart shows the chromosomes of
someone with Down Syndrome.
Vacuole
• A holding bin for
food, water, and
waste.
• Plant cells have one
or two vacuoles.
• Vacuoles are small in
animal cells.
• Animal cells have
more vacuoles than
plant cells.
Cell Membrane
• An animal cell’s thin
outer covering.
• It protects the cell
from harmful
enemies.
• In plants it is found
inside the cell wall.
How are plant cells and animal
cells different?
1. Covering
• Plant cell: thick cell wall
• Animal Cell: thin cell membrane
2. Color
• Plant cell: most plant cells have a green color
• Animal Cell: do not have a green color
3. Shape
• Plant cell: box-like
• Animal Cell: have a wide variety of shapes
Microorganisms
• They are small enough to live in a
drop of water.
• Need a microscope to see them.
• Most are a one-celled microorganisms.
Protists
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
One cell
Live in pond water
Many protists are helpful.
Some have chlorophyll and make their own food.
They are a source of food for other organisms.
Many feed on dead organisms in the water.
Some can cause disease and illness in humans
and other animals.
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•
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Bacteria
It is also a microorganism.
One-cell.
Has a cell wall but no nucleus.
They live in many different environments.
Some cause illnesses such as strep throat.
Some are helpful and are used to make food
cheese, buttermilk, and yogurt.
• Some breakdown waste materials such as dead
plants and animals.
Botox is derived from the poison
manufactured by the bacteria,
Clostridium, a bacteria so deadly
that infected people usually die
from the toxins
Movie stars have been
using Botox for years.
Botox - Bacteria
Botox is a deadly poison and
reading the information on
Allergan, we find that the usual
dose given to a human being, will
kill a rat.
The 'good effects' of Botox only
last a couple of months
Your surgeon will charge you about
$200 - $300 for each area injected
Fungi
•
•
•
•
•
They have a cell wall and a nucleus.
Some even have more than one nucleus.
Yeast is a one-celled fungi.
A mushroom is a many cell fungi.
A mushroom growing on a log is breaking
down the log and absorbing nutrients
from it.
How is an organism put
together?
• All humans and animals are many
celled organisms.
• Humans have blood cells, bone cells,
skin cells, and many other types of
cells.
• A plant has many cells in its roots,
stems, and leaves.
Tissues
• Cells work together in groups.
• These groups are called tissues.
• A tissue is a group of similar cells that
work together carrying out a certain job.
• Skin cells work together as skin tissue
that covers and protects your body.
• Plants cells are also organized into
tissues.
Organs
• An organ is a group of tissues that work
together doing certain jobs.
• An organ system is a group of organs
working together to carry out a certain
life function.
• For example:
– Our heart is an organ which pumps blood
throughout our body.
– Our brain is an organ
Organ System
• A system is a group of parts that
work together.
• An organ system is a group of organs
that work together carrying on life
functions.
Virus
• They are described as particles.
• They are much smaller than cells.
• They can only be seen with a very powerful
microscope.
• A virus is not a cell nor a living thing.
• It does not have a nucleus or other cell parts.
Viruses
• A virus does not make or use food.
• It does not grow, change, or respond to the
environment.
• The only life function a virus seems to
perform is being able to reproduce.
If a virus is not a living thing,
then how does it reproduce.
Facts at a Glance
Bacteria
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•
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•
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A living organism
one-celled organism
Can be found anywhere on earth.
They are helpful and
harmful.
It is bacteria inside a
cow’s stomach that
allows it to digest
grass.
Virus
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Not a living
organisms
Can only reproduce
inside a living cell
Outside of a living
cell it is dormant
It reproduces
because the cell
reproduces
It can be harmful
The host’s body
produces antibodies
(substances that
destroy an invader)
and prevent the host
from getting the
same disease again.
Germs
•
They are a form of a
bacteria
The End