Animal Bauplan
Symmetry and complexity
• Chapter 3: Animal Architecture
What is a “Bauplan”?
What is a “Bauplan”?
• Bauplan is a German word meaning
building plan or blueprint.
What is a “Bauplan”?
• Bauplan is a German word meaning building plan or
blueprint.
• It is used by biologists to refer to the
overall and consistent structure of a
group of organisms.
What is a “Bauplan”?
• Bauplan is a German word meaning building plan or
blueprint.
• It is used by biologists to refer to the overall and
consistent structure of a group of organisms.
– The animal bauplan
– The Annelid bauplan, etc….
Architectural Pattern
in Animals
Chordata
Arthropoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Protostomes
Hemichordata
Echinodermata
Deuterostomes
Coelomates
†
Triploblasts
* Diploblasts
Acoelomates
Bilateria†
Mesozoa
Pseudocoelomates
Radiata*
Eumetazoa
Metazoa
Protozoa
Monera (Bacteria)
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Parazoa
Body Plans
• As most kingdoms, animals are divided
into groups based on body architecture.
I. Grades of Complexity
II. Major Body Types
III. Symmetry
IV. Cleavage
ENTODINIUM CAUDATUM
I. Grades of Complexity
1. Protoplasmic: all functions take place
in single cells, or each cell (if colonial)
--Protists have this grade of complexity
CATTLE RUMEN CILIATES ENTODINIUM CAUDATUM
I. Grades of Complexity
1.
Protoplasmic: all functions take place in single cells,
or each cell (if colonial)
--Protists have this grade of complexity
2. Cellular: there is division of labor
among cells, but no segregation of cells
that perform the functions
I. Grades of Complexity
1.
Protoplasmic: all functions take place in single cells, or each cell
(if colonial)
--Protists have this grade of complexity
2. Cellular: there is division of labor among
cells, but no segregation of cells that perform
the functions
3. Tissue: specialized cells segregate organ, or
organ-system: there is segregation of tissues
Chordata
Arthropoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Protostomes
†
Triploblasts
* Diploblasts
Hemichordata
Echinodermata
TISSUE
Deuterostomes
Coelomates
Pseudocoelomates
Acoelomates
Bilateria†
Radiata*
Eumetazoa
Mesozoa
Metazoa
Protozoa
Monera (Bacteria)
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Parazoa
CELLULAR
PROTOPLASMIC
II. Major Body Types
1. Cell aggregate
2. Blind sac
3. Tube-in-tube
Ephydatia fluviatilis
Cell Aggregate:
• There is no gut, energy absorption
throughout
• No germ layers, no true tissues or organs.
Example: sponges
(Phylum Porifera)
Sac-like Body Plan
Sac-like Body Plan
• Has only one opening for both food
intake and waste removal.
Sac-like Body Plan
• Has only one opening for both food intake and waste
removal.
• Sac-like body plan animals do not have
tissue specialization or development of
organs.
Example: sea anemones (Phylum
Cnidaria)
“Tube-within-a-tube”
“Tube-within-a-tube”
• Two openings: one for food to enter the
body (mouth), one for wastes to leave the
body (anus).
“Tube-within-a-tube”
• Two openings: one for food to enter the body (mouth),
one for wastes to leave the body (anus).
– The tube-within-a-tube plan allows
specialization of parts along the tube
“Tube-within-a-tube”
• Two openings: one for food to enter the body (mouth),
one for wastes to leave the body (anus).
– The tube-within-a-tube plan allows specialization of
parts along the tube
• Animals with the “tube-within-a-tube:
plan are 10% more efficient at digesting
and absorbing their food than animals
with the sac-like body plan.
Example: round worm (Phylum Nematoda)
Chordata
Arthropoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Protostomes
†
Triploblasts
* Diploblasts
Hemichordata
Echinodermata
Deuterostomes
Coelomates
Pseudocoelomates
Acoelomates
Bilateria†
Radiata*
Eumetazoa
Mesozoa
TUBE IN
TUBE
Metazoa
Protozoa
Monera (Bacteria)
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Parazoa
BLIND
SAC
CELL
AGGREGATE
III. Symmetry
III. Symmetry
• Asymmetrical animals: no general body
plan or axis of symmetry
III. Symmetry
• Spherical symmetry: round or any plane
passing through the center divides the
body into equivalent or, mirrored, halves.
III. Symmetry
• Radial symmetry: body parts organized
about a center axis and tend to be
cylindrical in shape.
III. Symmetry
• Bilateral symmetry: a single plain of
symmetry that produces mirror halves.
III. Symmetry
III. Symmetry
Planes of
symmetry
None
Many
Many
One
Chordata
Arthropoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Protostomes
†
Triploblasts
* Diploblasts
Hemichordata
BILATERAL
Echinodermata
Deuterostomes
Coelomates
Pseudocoelomates
Acoelomates
Bilateria†
Radiata*
Eumetazoa
Mesozoa
Metazoa
Protozoa
Monera (Bacteria)
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Parazoa
RADIAL
ASYMMETRICAL
Question 1.
What type of symmetry does this organism
have?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Asymmetrical
Spherical
Radial
Bilateral
IV. Cleavage
IV. Cleavage
• Cleavage is the initial process of
development after fertilization of the egg.
Radial Cleavage planes are
symmetrical to the polar axis
Produces regulative development
Spiral Cleavage: cleavage planes are
oblique to the polar axis
Produces mosaic development
Regulative and mosaic cleavage
Chordata
Arthropoda
Spiral
Annelida
Mollusca
Protostomes
†
Triploblasts
* Diploblasts
Hemichordata
Radial
Echinodermata
Deuterostomes
Coelomates
Pseudocoelomates
Acoelomates
Bilateria†
Radiata*
Eumetazoa
Mesozoa
Metazoa
Protozoa
Monera (Bacteria)
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Parazoa
Development in Eucoelomates
The Big Picture
• Bauplan define animals and the groups
within animals
The Big Picture
• Bauplan define animals and the groups within animals
• Animals can be divided into groups based
on:
The Big Picture
• Bauplan define animals and the groups within animals
• Animals can be divided into groups based
on:
– Grades of Complexity
The Big Picture
• Bauplan define animals and the groups within animals
• Animals can be divided into groups based
on:
– Grades of Complexity
– Major body types
The Big Picture
• Bauplan define animals and the groups within animals
• Animals can be divided into groups based
on:
– Grades of Complexity
– Major body types
– Symmetry
The Big Picture
• Bauplan define animals and the groups within animals
• Animals can be divided into groups based
on:
–
–
–
–
Grades of Complexity
Major body types
Symmetry
Cleavage
The Big Picture
• Bauplan define animals and the groups within animals
• Animals can be divided into groups based on:
– Grades of Complexity
– Major body types
– Symmetry
– Cleavage
• Thus, for every animal group, you should be
able to know these characteristics.