Where does cork come from?
Cork comes from a specific type of oak
tree, Quercus suber, which grows in Spain
and Portugal.
This is magnified cork.
What do the boxes remind you of?
Robert Hooke called them
cellulae (Latin for “small
rooms”) because they
reminded him of jail cells.
The boxes are actually
cells. (Bark is dead and
the cell walls are all that is
left of the cells. The cell
walls now enclose air.)
• Look at your own fingertips and you will see
ridges and valleys that make up fingerprints.
• Look closely at the fly wing and the blade of
grass.
• As interesting as all these close ups are, they
are just the beginning of the story. What do they
all have in common?
CELLS!
• More than 100,000,000,000,000 cells are found in an
adult human!
• We have about 155,000 cells in every square cm of our
skin.
• Humans have about 30 billion cells in our brain.
• In our blood, we have about 20 trillion red blood cells.
• Many microscopic organisms consist of just a single cell.
• Despite our complexity, we begin our lives as single
cells.
• Questions about life – from ecology to behavior, from
evolution to reproduction – must be partly answered at
the level of the cell because cells are the basic units of
life.
• How are these cells alike? Different?
Cell Organelles
2. Cytoplasm
• jelly-like material that fills the cell
• organelles are suspended in it
• also, many chemical reactions occur here
3. Nucleus
• is the control center of the cell
• contains genetic material (chromosomes)
• surrounded by the nuclear membrane
»
nucleus
4. Ribosomes
• make protein for the cell (protein synthesis)
• look like little spheres
• found on endoplasmic reticulum or loose in cytoplasm
5. Endoplasmic reticulum
• the internal transport system of the cell (like hallways in
our school)
• canals of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous
through the cytoplasm
• rough E.R. is lined with ribosomes
6. Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Bodies)
• stacks of flattened membrane sacs
• serve as processing, packaging, and storage
centers for the products released from the cell
(think of “bagger” bagging groceries to take out
of store)
7. Mitochondria
• food such as glucose is broken down here and
energy is produced; called cellular respiration
• often called the powerhouse of the cell because
it produces energy (ATP)
8. Vacuoles
• provide storage for the cell (think cupboard)
• unicellular organisms have specialized vacuoles:
*food vacuoles – help digest food
*contractile vacuoles – maintain water balance
Contractile Vacuole
Go here to view cool vid…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iG6Dd3COug4&feature=related
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Ynm5ZOW59Q
Chunk!
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What do all organisms have in common?
Describe the cytoplasm and its jobs.
What is the function of the nucleus?
Describe ribosomes and their job.
What do Golgi bodies do?
What is an analogy for the ER, and its job?
Describe mitochondria, and their function.
What is an analogy for a food vacuole?
What role do contractile vacuoles play in a cell?
9. Centrioles
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found in animal cells, near the nucleus
cylindrical organelles that aid in cell reproduction (helps
make spindle fibers)
10. Chloroplasts
• only found in plant and algae cells
• site of photosynthesis (making food using light)
• have the green pigment chlorophyll which
absorbs light (red and blue are best!)
11. Cell Wall
• only found in plant and algae cells
• supports and protects cell and is non-living
4 Differences between plant and animal cells
• only plant cells have
*cell walls
*large vacuoles to store wastes
*chloroplasts
• only animal cells have centrioles
Chunk!
• What are centrioles, and what do they do?
• What is the function of chloroplasts, and
where are they found?
• What colors of light do they absorb best?
• Describe the cell wall.
• Describe 4 differences btwn plant and
animal cells.
• Name the organelles.
• What type of cell is this, and how did you know?
• Name the organelles.
• What kind of cell is this, and how did you know?
Diagram of a typical animal cell.
Organelles are labeled as follows:
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosome
Cell membrane
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Cytoskeleton
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Lysosome
Centriole
JFF!
Sources of Images
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Corks - http://blogs.seattleweekly.com/voracious/cork.jpg
Magnified cork - http://www.enologyinternational.com/cork/microscopic.jpg
Hooke’s microscope - http://efrafandays.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/hooke.jpg
Privet leaf - http://sols.unlv.edu/Schulte/Anatomy/Leaves/PrivetLeaf.jpg
Neuron http://www4.alief.isd.tenet.edu/cahowe/AP%20Biology/powerpoints/PAK%2015%20Animal%20Systems_files/slide
0005_image008.jpg
Paramecium - http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgdec02/paramecium.jpg
Blood cells - http://medsci.indiana.edu/histo/docs/lab3_2.htm
Fly wing - microscopy-uk.org.uk
Blade of grass – gettyimages.com
Numbered cell - www.chebucto.ns.ca/.../PIC/Biological_cell.png
Ribosomes - http://www.biology4kids.com/files/art/cell_ribosome3.jpg
Protein synthesis - http://www.nsf.gov/news/overviews/biology/assets/interact05.jpg
ER - www.ccs.k12.in.us/.../image002.jpg
Color photomicrograph of RER - http://z.about.com/d/biology/1/0/L/1/rougher.jpg
Golgi - scienceblogs.com/.../07/golgi_maturation.php
Mitochondria - http://202.114.65.51/fzjx/wsw/website/mit/cb/org/mito.gif
Vacuole - http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/01942/plcells/thinkquest/cell232.jpg
Contractile vacuole - http://www.mrteacherdude.com/tests/biology/bio2/bio2sum05prac2_files/i0430000.jpg
Centrioles - http://missbakersbiologyclasswiki.wikispaces.com/file/view/centrioles.jpg/50436271/centrioles.jpg
Centrioles in mitosis - http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cellpix/spindle.gif
Animal cell diagram - www.bchs.k12.va.us/.../assets/animalcell.gif
Chloroplasts in cells, diagram -www.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255atp/elodea
Light and chloroplast - http://www.torahscience.org/natsci/images/chloroplast.jpg
Cell wall - biology.unm.edu/.../Summaries/Cell.html