Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Endosymbiont Working group:
Initial research interest:
• Gene content differences between Wolbachia genomes
• Functional category comparison between Wolbachia genomes
• Comparative analysis between Wolbachia genomes and
Anaplasma (closely related genus) genomes
• Comparative analysis between Wolbachia genomes and host associated [arthropods] metagenome in IMG

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Introduction to Wolbachia
• Gram-negative bacteria
• Produce intracellular inherited infections in many invertebrates
• Extremely common with 20-75% of all insects being infected
• Infection of numerous non-insect invertebrates including nematodes, mites and spiders
• Diverse phenotypes from infection, from endosymbiosis to reproductive parasitism as characterized by their ability to override chromosomal sex determination, induce partenogenesis, selectively kill males, influence sperm competition and generate cytoplasmic incompatibility in early embryos

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Werren et al., 2008, Nature Reviews

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Werren et al., 2008, Nature Reviews

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Finished Wolbachia genomes in
IMG
Wolbachia endosymbiont TRS of Brugia malayi
Wolbachia endosymbiont of Culex quinquefasciatus Pel
Wolbachia endosymbiont of Drosophila melanogaster
Wolbachia sp. wRi

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Genome statistics
Taxon_OID Status Genome Name Host Name GC %
Genome
Size
Gene
Count
CDS
Count
RNA
Count tRNA
Count
Pseudo
Count
COG
Count
Pfam
Count
KEGG
Count
IMG
Pathway
Count
637000340 F
642555168 F
637000339 F
643692055 F
Wolbachia endosymbiont TRS of
Brugia malayi
Brugia malayi
Wolbachia endosymbiont of Culex quinquefasciatus Pel
Culex quinquefasciatus
Wolbachia endosymbiont of
Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster
Wolbachia sp. wRi
Drosophila simulans
.34
1080084 940 900 40
.34
1482455 1312 1275 37
.35
1267782 1312 1268 44
.35
1445873 1187 1150 37
34
34
34
34
95
73
598
813
753
821
646
901
832
882
389
403
405
409
134
137
151
137

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Endosymbiont Working group:
Initial research interest:
• Gene content differences between Wolbachia genomes
• Functional category comparison between Wolbachia genomes
• Comparative analysis between Wolbachia genomes and
Anaplasma (closely related genus) genomes
• Comparative analysis between Wolbachia genomes and host associated [arthropods] metagenome in IMG

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Function category comparison

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Wolbachia (Brugia malayi)
• RNase P protein component
Wolbachia (Drosophila melanogaster)
• ATPases of the AAA+ class
• Predicted Fe-S oxidoreductases
• Response regulator containing CheY-like receiver, AAA-type ATPase, and DNA-binding domains
• Nitrate/nitrite transporter
• AAA ATPase containing von Willebrand factor type A (vWA) domain
• Phage-related terminase

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Wolbachia (Culex quinquefasciatus_Pel)
• Predicted aminoglycoside phosphotransferase
• ABC-type transport system involved in cytochrome c biogenesis, permease component
• Endoglucanase
• Pseudouridine synthase
• Short-chain dehydrogenases of various substrate specificities
• Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase
• Predicted N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase
• Transposase and inactivated derivatives
• Predicted protease with the C-terminal PDZ domain
Wolbachia (wRi)
• Dipeptide/tripeptide permease
• Predicted ATPase (AAA+ superfamily)
• ABC-type amino acid transport/signal transduction systems, periplasmic component/domain
• ABC-type amino acid transport system, permease component
• Fucose permease
• 5'-3' exonuclease (including N-terminal domain of PolI)

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Wolbachia, endosymbiont of Drosophila melanogaster – no homologs in other
Wolbachia genomes

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Wolbachia endosymbiont of B. malayi – no homologs in other Wolbachia genomes

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Wolbachia endosymbiont of Culex quinquefasciatus – no homologs in other
Wolbachia genomes

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Wolbachia sp. wRi – no homologs in other
Wolbachia genomes

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Wolbachia, endosymbiont of Drosophila melanogaster – with homologs in other Wolbachia genomes

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Phylogenetic distribution of
Wolbachia COGs
Anaplasmataceae
Rickettsiaceae

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Endosymbiont Working group:
Initial research interest:
• Gene content differences between Wolbachia genomes
• Functional category comparison between Wolbachia genomes
• Comparative analysis between Wolbachia genomes and
Anaplasma (closely related genus) genomes
• Comparative analysis between Wolbachia genomes and host associated [arthropods] metagenome in IMG

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Introduction to Anaplasma
• Gram-negative bacteria
• Reside in host red blood cells and lead to the disease anaplasmosis, most commonly in tropical areas of the world
•
Requires intermediate tick hosts for maturation, and flies may act as mechanical vectors
• Species of veterinary interest are found in cattle, sheep and goats

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Finished Anaplasma genomes in
IMG
Anaplasma centrale str. Israel Anaplasma phagocytophilum HZ
Anaplasma marginale St. Maries
Anaplasma marginale Florida

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
COGs tree

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
16S tree

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Whole genome comparison between
Anaplasma and Wolbachia
Comparison between complete genome of Wolbachia TRS
Brugia malayi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum .

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Correlation matrix COG

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
PCA analysis based on COG
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
HZ
Wolbachia TRS Brugia malayi
PCA analysis of complete genomes of Wolbachia and
Anasplasma species

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Comparative analysis between Wolbachia
TRS Brugia Malayi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum HZ

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
COGs in common between Anaplasma spp. and Wolbachia TRS

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Correlation based on KO

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Pfams of Wolbachia genomes in their family of Anaplasmataceae

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Pfams of Wolbachia genomes in their family of Anaplasmataceae helix-turn-helix ankyrin repeat transposase

Wolbachia endosymbiont of Culex quinquefasciatus
Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
PCA of Wolbachia genomes
Wolbachia sp. wRi
Wolbachia endosymbiont of
Drosophila melanogaster
Wolbachia endosymbiont of
TRS of Brugia malayi

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Endosymbiont Working group:
Initial research interest:
• Gene content differences between Wolbachia genomes
• Functional category comparison between Wolbachia genomes
• Comparative analysis between Wolbachia genomes and
Anaplasma (closely related genus) genomes
• Comparative analysis between Wolbachia genomes and host associated [arthropods] metagenome in IMG

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Comparative analysis between Wolbachia genomes and Host-associated [arthropod] metagenomes

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Wolbachia sequences in metagenome dataset
• Compared sequenced Wolbachia genomes to
Host-associated (arthropod) metagenomes
• In the adult Ambrosia beetle metagenome sample from Bern, Switzerland
– 36% of the genome from a Culex
quinquefasciatus host (mosquito) had hits to the metagenome of ≥90% ID

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence
Horizontal gene transfer
• Viruses:
– Caudovirales
• Eshcherichia phage D108 (Wolbachia TRS)
• Kelbsiella phage KP34 (Anaplasma
phagocytophilum).
– Geminiviridae
•
Helicobasidium mompa endovirus1
– Secoviridae
• Eukaryota
– Nematode
• Rhaditidae: caenorhabditis elegans bristol
47%

Advancing Science with DNA Sequence panCOG Gang
Mariana, Cristina, Parag, Betsy, Alex, Ananda