Historical Development of Mycology
lecture 1
Prepared and delivered by
Dr. Abhishek
Scientist and In charge Mycology lab

Of the mycotic diseases affecting animals and
man, ringworm -first to be recognized and reported

The medical history of the disease is oldest, but
also the most voluminous.

1839, Lagenbeck, first demonstrated yeast like
fungus in thrush

1843, Robin named -Oidium albicans

1843, Gruby, named Microsporoum audouinii as a
causative agent of ringworm in children.

1845- Lebert –described favus- T schoenleinii

1881- infections in chicken – T gallinae

1894- in cattle –

1896 and 1897-in horse and dog-

1898- in horse-

1890, Zopf, named the fungus Monilia albicans

1899, Schenck, First report of sporotrichosis.

Rat is the first animal species reported to be infected.

1900, Seeber, described the causative agent of
Rhinosporidiosis.

1913, Zschokke, First animal case was reported in
horse

1923, Vogelsang and Ayyar & Rao in cattle

1926, Quinlan and DeKoch-in mules

1923, Berkhout renamed the monilia albicans to Candida
albicans

1928, Mucor pusillus was isolated from a nodule in
horse.

1892,
Posadas
reported
the
first
case
of
Coccidioidomycosis in man.-neoplastic skin lesion look
like protozoan coccidia

1941, Van Pernis-first recorded the skin testing in
humans for histoplasmosis

1918, Giltner reported first naturally occurring case
of Cocci-dioidomycosis in animals (cattle).

1906, S.T.Darling discovered the causative agent of
Histoplasmosis in Panama.

1894, Gilchrist, first described
Blastomycosis in a human.

1898- Gilchrist and Stokes named the B.dermatitidis

Also called Chicago disease
and
reported

1912, Meyer, blastomycosis in dogs.

1952, Holzworth, first reported Cryptococcosis in
cat.

1953, Seibold in dog

1894-95, Busse and Buschke reported first human
case of Cryptococcosis.

1905- Hansemann-first human meningitis case

Fresinus introduce the term Aspergillosis.

1815-Mayer and Emmert- discovered Aspergillosis
Raimond Sabouraud- Established mycology
Published medical mycology book- Lei-stegnes


Nannizzi- perfect stage of fungi.

P.A.Micheli- founder of mycology

Emmons – morphologically classified
dermatophytes.
Alma Whiffoin- discovered cycloheximides

Gold et al- Amphotericin B

Vanbrensberghem- hair bait media

Hazen ,Elizabath, Brown- Nystatin

Gentles - Griseofulvin


Humans probably started using mushrooms as food
in prehistoric times.

The start of the modern age of mycology begins
with Pier Antonio Micheli's 1737 publication of Nova
plantarum genera.

The
term
mycology
and
the
complementary mycologist were first used in 1836
by M.J..Berkeley.


1580- Giambattista della porta- publishes the
first observation of fungal spores.
1601- Clusius publishes Rariorum plantarum
historia, the first monograph written on fungi,
which described 105 species, in 47 genera.
Historical milestones

1588- Giambattista della Porta publishes the first
observation of fungal spores.

1601- Clusius publishes Rariorum plantarum historia, the
first monograph written on fungi, which described 105
species, in 47 genera.

1665- Robert Hooke, writing in micrographia, recognizes
the close connection between fungi and molds, and
provides the first illustrations of microfungi.

1671- Marcelo Malpighi described various molds, such
as Rhizopus, Mucor, Penicillium.

1673- Van Leeuwenhoek, in a letter to the Royal society
of London, describes the presence of the yeast S.
cervease in fermented beer, the first observation of
yeast cells.

1718- Pier Antonio Micheli performs a series of
experiments on the culture of agaric mushrooms and
molds from spores under a variety of environmental
conditions. The techniques he described become
standard for the next 125 years, until the development
of pur culture techniques and synthetic growing medias.

1729-Pier
Antonio
Micheli's
Nova
genera described 900 species of fungi.

1753-Carl Linnaeus' seminal work species plantarum is
published; it is the current starting point for fungal
nomenclature.
plantarum

1797–1815- Pierre Bulliard's Histroire des champignons
de la France is the first mycological book

1801- Carl Hendrik
Methodica Fungorum
Persoon
publishes
Synopsis

1807-Isaac-Bénédict Prévost makes the first observation
of motile spores zoospores from the sporangia of a
species of albugo.

1845- The parasitic fungus known as late blight
(Phytophthora infestans) devastates potao crops
in Ireland, causing massive economic and social
distress.

1852-Vittadini solidifies media with gelatine during
attempts to grow the culture of the muscardine
fungus Beauveria bassiana.

1866-German mycologist H.A. DeBary, in Morphologie
und Biologie der Pilze, Flecthen und Myxomyceten gives
a broad classification of the fungi.

1869-Jules Raulin elaborates the conditions required to
optimize the growth of Aspergillus niger, including the
effects of trace minearls on growth.

1877-A.B. Frank proposes the concept of symbiosis (a
relationship where both partners benefit) to describe the
association between the algal and fungal components in,
lichens

1885-A.B. Frank coins the term 'Mycorhiza' (later spelled
as mycorrhiza) for the fungus roots he found growing in
association with the roots of certain trees.

1896-Georg Klebs, working mostly with Saprolegina,
advances the field of fungal morphogenesis

1904-American
mycologist
Albert
Francis
Blakeslee discovers heterothallism, the phenomenon in
which sexual reproduction requires the involvement of
two different thalli.

1905-First version of "International Rules (Code) of
Botanical Nomenclature" (ICBN) is approved in Vienna.

1927-The red bread mold Neurospora is discovered by
American mycologists C.L. Shear and B.O. Dodge; it
later becomes a common test organism for studying the
principles of heredity.

1929Sir
Alexander
antibiotic penicillin.
Fleming
discovers
the

1932-Cambridge mycologist E.J.H. Corner elaborates
the idea of hyphal analysis, demonstrating that the
fruiting bodies of polypores were made up of three main
types of hyphae.

The use of hyphal structure as a microscopic character
later becomes standard practice in fungal classification.

1940-Chain, Florey and Heath undertake large-scale
production of penicillin.

1953- S.J. Hughes differentiates eight main sections
of
hypomycetes
on
the
basis
of condiophore and conidium development.

1982T-he starting point for fungal nomenclature is
moved from Fries (1821) and Persoon (1801) to
Linnaeus (1753).