Future of Industrial
Biotechnology
dr.Boenjamin Setiawan, Ph.D.,UCSF
1. Biotechnology consists of Traditional and
Modern Biotech: Medical, Agro, Environmental,
Chemical, and Food Biotechnology
2. Third Generation Biotech= Functional
Genomics and Proteomics
3. Targeted Medicine, Tissue Engineering and
Stem cells, should be the Focus for Asia
4. BINASIA should become the Information Hub
for Biotech Asia
5. Governments must stimulate Innovation in R&D
through various Incentives
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The
Central
Dogma
of
Molecular
Biology
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• Legend:
Amino acids specified by each codon sequence on mRNA. Key for the
above table:
Ala: Alanine Cys: Cysteine Asp: Aspartic acid Glu: Glutamic acidPhe:
Phenylalanine Gly: GlycineHis: Histidine Ile: Isoleucine Lys: LysineLeu:
Leucine Met: MethionineAsn: AsparaginePro: ProlineGln:
GlutamineArg: ArginineSer: SerineThr: ThreonineVal: ValineTrp:
TryptophaneTyr: TyrosisneA = adenine G = guanine C = cytosine T =
thymine U = uracil
DNA transfers information to mRNA in the form of a code defined by a
sequence of nucleotides bases. During protein synthesis, ribosomes
move along the mRNA molecule and "read" its sequence three
nucleotides at a time (codon) from the 5' end to the 3' end. Each amino
acid is specified by the mRNA's codon, and then pairs with a sequence
of three complementary nucleotides carried by a particular tRNA
(anticodon).
• Since RNA is constructed from four types of nucleotides, there are 64
possible triplet sequences or codons (4x4x4). Three of these possible
codons specify the termination of the polypeptide chain. They are
called "stop codons". That leaves 61 codons to specify only 20
different amino acids. Therefore, most of the amino acids are
represented by more than one codon. The genetic code is said to be
degenerate
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Functional Genomics Definition
Functional genomics is a field of molecular
biology that is attempting to make use of the vast
wealth of data produced by genome sequencing
projects to describe genome function. Functional
genomics uses high-throuput techniques like DNA
microarrays, proteomics, metabolomics and
mutation analysis to describe the function
and interactions of genes.
Because of the large quantity of data and the
desire to be able to find patterns and predict gene
functions and interactions bioinformatics is crucial
to this type of analysis. Comparative genomic
Ph.D.
analyses can alsodr.Boenjamin
held Setiawan,
determine
gene function.16
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HUPO Brain Proteome Project
• HUPO BPP is an open international project under the patronage of the
Human Proteome Organisation (HUPO) that aims:
• . to analyze the brain proteome of human as well as mouse models
in healthy, neurodiseased and aged status with focus on Alzheimer's
and Parkinson's Disease
· to perform quantitative proteomics as well as complemantary gene
expression profiling on disease-related brain areas and bodily fluids
· to advance knowledge of neurodiseases and aging in order to
push new
diagnostic approaches and medications
· to exchange knowledge and data with other HUPO projects and
national / international initiatives in the neuroproteomic
field
· to make neuroproteomic research and its results available
in the scientific community and society
•
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The Scientific Development of Biotechnology
and Its Industrial Applications
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Biotechnology Based Drugs
Biomanufacturing, the commercial production of
biotechnological products, is poised for tremendous
growth in the next decade as a number of new
biotechnology products enter the marketplace. To
date, 130 biotechnology drugs and vaccines have
already been approved by the Food and Drug
Administration for use in the United States. There
are currently 350 biotechnology-derived drugs in
clinical trials and more than 1,200 biotechnologybased drugs in preclinical development.
http://www.ncsu.edu/BulletinOnline/06_03/guestcolumn620.htm
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• U.S. Leads World in R&D Spending, China
Moves to 3rd Place
The United States continues to lead the world in R&D
witb 38 percent of world R&D spending in 2003
according to data from the OECD. U.S. industry,
government and other sectors spend more on R&D
than the entire EU combined. The U.S. share has
declined only slightly from 40 percent during most of
the 1990s, but other nations' shares have changed
dramatically. China has increased its R&D
investments dramatically in recent
years and is now the 3rd largest
investor in R&D (adjusted for
purchasing power), behind only Japan
and the U.S.
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http://www.aaas.org/spp/rd/06pch4.htm
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• United States: Over the past ten years, a
new informal innovation system evolved in
the U.S., with support from government and
industry for basic research in universities,
nurtured by rapid growth in venture capital, and
implemented by industrial firms through strong
investments in R&D, capital equipment, and
information technology. This highly complex
system of innovation is also based on close
collaborations and increasing alliances among
industry players, universities, and
government labs. There are now stresses in
this proven formula that must be addressed.
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• Asia: The Chinese government views 2005 as a
vital year to build its country’s innovation capacity
to support a harmonious, well-rounded, and
prosperous society. A National Science and
Technology Plan for 2006-2020 will be promulgated to:
produce proprietary intellectual property by scanning
the leading science and technology developments;
strengthen national competitiveness by developing
key technologies; focus on strategic high-tech
products and projects; and build sustainable
innovation capacity.
• To support the Plan’s goals, the government will play
an active policy role, drastically increasing public
expenditure on R&D. It will improve infrastructure and
streamline the innovation system. A comprehensive
set of national programs has been developed to
manage various aspects of the Plan. Implementation
of the Plan and supporting programs will be led by
the Ministry of Science
and Technology.
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• The economy of Japan is holding steady,
supported by satisfactory exports and
increasing domestic consumption. Deflation is a
continuing concern. Recovery is being led by
digital consumer products and the materials
industries, especially steel. Although the
National Budget of 2005 fiscal year will
show decreased expenditures, the
allocation for promoting science and
technology will by increased by 2.6 percent
to 1.3 trillion yen. This is aligned with the
Japanese Government strategy to realize “an
advanced science- and technology-oriented
nation”.
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• In spite of a blurry economic picture, Korean R&D
expenditure will increase 22.2 percent in 2005,
focusing on telecommunications, electronics,
computers, machinery, chemicals, metals, and food &
medicines. Over 80 percent of the companies surveyed
will increase R&D expenditures in 2005
The National Innovation System will
be reworked to improve university
research, seek globalization and to
concentrate national S&T resources on the
development of 10 new growth industries. To
facilitate commercialization of public R&D results, the
technology transfer budget was more than tripled
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The Future of Regenerative
Medicine/Stem Cells
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Nucleus of patient
transferred to
enucleated human
oocyte.
Inner cell mass from
blastocyst cultured and
stimulated to form
specific cell types
required for
THERAPY---Diabetes, Parkinson,
Cancer, Stroke etc,
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The Chemoattractive
homing
hypothesis of
circulating
STEM
CELLS,
attracted to
injury, in the
infarcted area
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Biotechnology: Present and Future
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"Biotech's best days are still to come, It is a
fundamentally sound and innovative industry
creating essential products for improving
the health and quality of life of everyone on
the planet."
http://wistechnology.com/article.php?id=533
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Recommendations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Considering the limited financial and human resources
Indonesia must focus its R&D on MEDICAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY (Functional Genomics/Proteomics
Targeted Therapeutics)and STEM CELL/Regenerative
Medicine
The Government must STIMULATE INNOVATION by
giving TAX INCENTIVES to industries doing R&D
Efforts must be made to Facilitate GovernmentUniversity-Industry cooperation
Applied Research in Universities and Government
institutions should be done in close cooperation with
industries
BINASIA should become the communication hub for
International Cooperation and Technology Transfer
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THANK
YOU
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