Regents Biology Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP Regents Biology 2009-2010 “Burn fuels” to make energy combustion making heat energy by burning fuels in one step fuel (carbohydrates) O2 CO2 + H2O + heat aerobic respiration making ATP energy (& some heat) by burning fuels in many small steps ATP O2 food (carbohydrates) Regents Biology ATP + CO2 + H2O (+ heat) Energy needs of life All organisms need energy. What do we need energy for? synthesis (building for growth) reproduction active transport movement temperature control (making heat) Regents Biology Where do we get energy? Energy is stored in organic molecules carbohydrates, fats, proteins Animals eat these organic molecules food digest food to get fuels for energy (ATP) raw materials for building more molecules carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids Regents Biology ATP What is energy in biology? ATP Adenosine TriPhosphate Whoa! HOT stuff! Regents Biology 2009-2010 Harvesting energy stored in food Cellular respiration breaking down food to produce ATP in mitochondria using oxygen “aerobic” respiration food ATP usually digesting glucose but could be other sugars, fats, or proteins O2 glucose + oxygen energy + carbon + water dioxide CH O + 6 12 6 Regents Biology 6O2 ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O Using ATP to do work? Can’t store ATP too unstable only used in cell that produces it only short term energy storage ATP Adenosine TriPhosphate work Adenosine DiPhosphate ADP A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second Whoa! Pass me the glucose & oxygen! Regents Biology Mitochondria Structure Double membrane bound organelle Contains its own DNA (different from nucleus’ DNA) Matrix = jelly-like fluid Cristae = folds of membrane within the mitochondria Regents Biology Mitochondria are everywhere!! animal cells plant cells Regents Biology Steps of Cellular Respiration 1. Glycolysis (Anaerobic – does not require oxygen) 2. Kreb’s Cycle (Aerobic- requires oxygen) 3. Electron Transport Chain (Aerobic) Regents Biology Regents Biology Which of the following is a product of cell respiration? 1. ATP 2. Glucose 3. Oxygen 4. NADPH 0% Regents Biology 1. 0% 2. 0% 3. 0% 4. Cell Respiration takes place in the 1. Chloroplast 2. Nucleus 3. Mitochondria 4. Rough ER 90% 10% 0% Regents Biology 1. 2. 0% 3. 4. Which of the following processes requires oxygen? 1. Photosynthesis 2. Aerobic 82% Respiration 3. Anaerobic Respiration 4. Glycolysis 12% Regents Biology 1. 6% 2. 3. 0% 4. Which of the following is NOT a stage of cell respiration? 1. Krebs Cycle 2. Calvin Cycle 3. Glycolysis 4. Electron 82% Transport 6% Regents Biology 1. 6% 2. 3. 6% 4. The first step of cellular respiration is 1. Glycolysis 2. Kreb Cycle 3. Calvin Cycle 4. Electron 89% Transport Chain 6% Regents Biology 1. 2. 6% 3. 0% 4. Plants conduct which of the following processes? 1. Glycolysis 2. Photosynthesis 94% only 3. Respiration only 4. Both Photosynthesis and respiration 0% Regents Biology 1. 6% 2. 0% 3. 4. Glycolysis takes place in the 1. Mitochondrial matrix 2. cytoplasm 3. Cell membrane 4. Cristae of mitochondria Regents Biology 50% 22% 17% 11% 1. 2. 3. 4. Which of the following steps of cellular respiration does not require oxygen? 72% A. ETC B. Kreb’s Cycle C. Glycolysis Regents Biology ys is co l Gl y yc le Kr eb ’s C ET C 11% 17% NAD+ Regents Biology NAD+ and FAD+ Electron Carrier Molecules NAD+ can be energized to make NADH FAD+2 can be energized to make FADH2 Regents Biology Step 1: Glycolysis Takes place in cytoplasm Anaerobic process- no oxygen required Splits glucose into two 3-carbon molecules called pyruvate REACTANTS (IN) = 2 ATP, 2 NAD+, and 4 ADP PRODUCTS = 2 ADP, 2 NADH, 4 ATP Net gain = 2 NADH and 2 ATP Regents Biology Step 2: Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Takes place in matrix of mitochondria Aerobic Process - Uses oxygen Electron carriers NADH and FADH2 are produced from NAD+ and FAD+ NADH and FADH2 are go to the Electron Transport Chain to be used to make more ATP Carbon Dioxide is released 2 ATP are produced Regents Biology Step 3: Electron Transport Chain Takes place in cristae of mitochondria Aerobic process – uses oxygen Uses the NADH produced in Glycolysis & the Kreb’s Cycle Uses the FADH2 produced in the Kreb’s Cycle Produces 34 ATP!!!! Water is released Regents Biology What if oxygen is missing? No oxygen available = can’t complete O2 aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration also known as fermentation alcohol fermentation lactic acid fermentation no oxygen or no mitochondria (bacteria and yeast) can only make very little ATP large animals cannot survive Regents Biology yeast bacteria Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation alcohol fermentation Yeast (a unicellular fungus that Eats glucose and releases CO2 and alcohol) glucose ATP + CO2+ alcohol make beer, wine, bread lactic acid fermentation bacteria, animals glucose ATP + lactic acid bacteria make yogurt animals feel muscle fatigue Regents Biology O2 Got the energy… Ask Questions!! Regents Biology 2009-2010 2KClO3(l) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g) C12H22O11(s) + 12O2(g) → 12CO2(g) + 11H2O(l) + heat Regents Biology